건물의 실측 에너지 데이터를 통한 건물 에너지 소비 패턴 분류에 관한 연구

우혜지(Woo, Hei-Jee),최기원(Choi, Ki-Won),김현수(Kim, Hyeon Soo),어진선(Auh, Jin Sun),조수연(Cho, Soo Youn),백주미(Baek, Jumi),김기석(Kim, Gi-Seok),이승복(Leigh, Seung-Bok) 대한건축학회 2016 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.32 No.5

The pattern of energy consumption in a building varies based on its characteristic features and the behavior of the occupants; therefore, it is difficult to classify buildings in terms of energy consumption. This study used only outdoor temperature and energy consumption as a parameter to analyze the energy consumption by a building, and thus the approach is different from the conventional methods that use complex computer simulations, data on energy consumptions related to heating cooling, and energy audits etc. First, raw data on the operational schedules of the buildings and internal-external dependency factor are developed as the primary analytical data. The preferred analytical data were categorized into four categories: internal-external factors, energy consumption, operational condition of the building, and energy consumption by outdoor temperature. A matrix that can be used as a relative indicator of a building’s energy consumption in relation to its characteristics was also developed in this work. Using this energy pattern matrix, the obtained data could be used for retrofitting buildings, and a classification scheme based on the energy consumption pattern of buildings can be also prepared.

대학건물의 에너지 소비구조 분석을 통한 신재생에너지 적용 시 에너지 저감효과 연구

구본길(Koo, Bon-Kil),홍원화(Hong, Won-Hwa),김강민(Kim, Kang-Min) 대한건축학회 2013 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.29 No.9

In the world, the energy consumption tends to be continuously increasing. If such situation is continued, it is obvious that we will encounter a serious crisis which is the energy depletion in the near future. In order to prevent this crisis in advance, it is necessary to put efforts in diversifying energy sources from the existing fossil fuel to renewable energy, and also reducing energy consumption. The total energy consumption of Korea in 2011 was 275.7 million TOE, increased 4.5% compared with the previous year. Considering the consumption structure for each energy consumption sector, the energy consumed in the building sector is more than 20% of the total. Among them, the energy consumption of university building sector is continuously increasing while the energy efficiency per unit area is gradually decreasing. In order for energy reduction of university buildings that accounts for 13.6% of the energy consumption for domestic building sector, this study aims to suggest the application measures of efficient renewable energy source with the same initial investment cost to reduce power consumption which is the main energy source for university buildings, by analyzing the current condition of energy consumption and energy consumption structure for university buildings.

서울 주거부문 에너지 소비량 저감 전략에 따른 효과 분석

정창헌(Cheong Chang-Heon),김지영(Kim Ji-Yoe),김석기(Kim Seok-Ge),김태연(Kim Tae-Yeo),이승복(Leigh Seung-Bok) 대한건축학회 2009 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.25 No.11

Energy efficiency in City is becoming a crucial issue in Korea. Seoul, the capital of Korea tries to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emission rate. Building energy consumption in Seoul is very high and construction of energy efficient building beome much more important than ever before. Therefore, appropriate establishment of building energy reduction strategy is very important. The Purpose of this study is to evaluate the residential building energy reduction scenarios and to give reasonable guidelines for residential building energy reduction strategy. This study performes following three procedure. First, analysis over the domestic building energy policy was performed. Second, we made several scenarios about energy consumption in domestic building field and evaluated each scenario. Third, analysis about each scenario was performed and several guidelines were determined. As a result, it is found that reduction of energy consumption in existing building is very important to effectively reduce energy consumption in domestic building in Seoul. In addition to this, energy reduction in residential building category is very hard than expected. Consequently energy reduction by changing citizen's life style to sustainable life style is strongly urged.

건물 열적 성능 수준별 실내 복사환경에 따른 재실자의 열적 쾌적성의 변화를 고려한 건물에너지 소비량 산출

박소현,송두삼 대한설비공학회 2020 설비공학 논문집 Vol.32 No.1

본 연구에서는 건물에너지 시뮬레이션을 통해 건물 열적 성능수준별 외주부의 복사환경 및 온열 쾌적감의 차이, 그리고 재실자가 열적 쾌적감을 확보하기 위해 실시하는 적응행동(실내 설정온도 조절)을 반영하는 시뮬레이션과 종래의 시뮬레이션과 같이 일정 설정온도만을 기준으로 실시하는 경우의 냉난방에너지 소비량의 차이를 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 건물 열적 성능이 취약할 경우에는 공기(건구)온도만으로 실내 온열환경을 제어하는 기존의 제어방법은 재실자의 온열쾌적감을 대변할 수 없다. 즉, 건구온도가 내주부, 외부주 모두 동일하게 유지된다고 하더라도, 건물 열적 성능 수준에 따라 외주부의 복사환경이 달라 외주부의 재실자는 열적으로 불쾌한 상황에 노출될 수 있는 결과를 보였다. (2) 건물에너지 시뮬레이션 시, 외주부의 복사환경에 따른 재실자의 온열쾌적감 차이를 반영하여 이를 보상하는 작용온도제어(OT control)를 실시한다면 건물 준공연도별 건물 열적 성능수준에 따라 건물 냉난방에너지 소비량은 기존 대비 최소 6%에서 최대 30%까지의 차이를 보였다. 즉, 건물 열적 성능이 취약한 경우, 기존의 시뮬레이션 방법인 설정(건구)온도제어(DBT control)를 실시하는 경우, 실제 이러한 건물에서 발생하는 외주부의 열악한 복사환경에 따른 재실자의 온열쾌적감(행동적 적응) 및 그에 따른 추가적인 냉난방에너지 소비의 결과를 잘 묘사하지 못하는 것을 시사하고 있다. (3) 본 연구의 결과를 통해 건물에너지 시뮬레이션에서 일반적으로 채용하고 있는 설정온도(건구온도)제어는 건물 열적성능에 따른 외주부 복사환경의 차이 및 그에 따른 재실자의 온열쾌적감의 차이를 반영하지 못하며, 이는 실제 건물의 냉난방에너지 소비량의 결과와 시뮬레이션 결과의 차이가 발생하는 원인의 하나라고 판단된다. 추후 건물에너지 시뮬레이션 시, 실제 건물 내 사람들의 열적 적응행동을 고려하는 시뮬레이션을 실시의 중요성을 시사하고 있다. In Korea, the building thermal performance such as thermal insulation and airtightness has been enhanced to reduce building energy consumption. The enhanced building thermal performance reduces cooling and heating load as well as improves indoor radiant temperature and occupants’ thermal comfort. The radiant temperature between the perimeter zone and the interior zone in buildings can differ depending on the thermal performance of the building. The radiant temperature of the perimeter zone may be lower than that of the interior zone if the building insulation and air-tightness level is low. In this case, the occupants in the perimeter zone will adjust the indoor set-point temperature or use personal fans to preserve their thermal comfort. These behavioral adaptations are related to building energy consumption. However, when predicting building energy consumption through simulation, there are limitations that do not reflect the occupants’ behavioral adaptations because of poor radiant environment in actual situations. In this study, the effect of indoor radiant temperature and occupants’ thermal comfort on cooling and heating energy consumption by building thermal performance was analyzed.

건물유형별 에너지소비 예측성능 향상을 위한 변수중요도 및 기계학습모델 평가

정진화(Jeong, Jin-Hwa),채영태(Chae, Young-Tae) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2017 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.11 No.6

The optimal machine learning model depends on building types was selected by comparing and analyzing short term load forecasting (STLF) performance of primary school and commercial reference building based on 4 machine learning models such as ANN, SVM, CHAID, and, RF. The research consists of data collection-storage, data analysis, meteorological variables extraction, energy consumption forecasting and analysis on typical primary school and commercial building energy model. TMY (Typical Meteorological Year) of Incheon, Korea was applied and based on weather forecasting data provided by the KMA (Korea Meteorological Agency). In case of building energy consumption data, primary school and medium commercial reference building energy consumption data by on EIA’s Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) were used. Key weather variables were extracted for each machine learning model between the input variables and the output which is building energy consumption in 15 minutes interval. Finally, forecasting of energy consumption on different building types conducted a comparative analysis of the forecasting performance of building energy consumption based on 4 machine learning models using optimal input variables. The results shows ANN model outperforms other models with 5.44% of CV (RMSE) for 7 days school building energy forecasting trained 8 weeks prior data. Whereas, RF model performs better than the others with 10.96% of CV (RMSE). It may be concluded that the priority of variables which have impacts on energy consumption is important and the most suitable model for energy forecasting is different by the building types.

Change Point Model을 활용한 대학건물의 에너지 소비패턴 분류 및 에너지 영향인자에 따른 분석

윤진하(Yoon, Jin-Ha),이병희(Lee, Byung-Hee),여명석(Yeo, Myung-Souk),김광우(Kim, Kwang-Woo) 대한건축학회 2017 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.33 No.11

As part of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, energy saving is required for buildings that consume a large amount of energy, including university buildings. However, because university buildings consist of several buildings having varying purposes, it is difficult to manage building energy for overall energy saving at the campus level. Therefore, this paper presents an intuitive presentation of building energy management direction by investigating the actual energy consumption patterns of university buildings at the campus level. Energy consumption data used are expressed using the Change Point Model, and energy consumption parameters such as energy use intensity, base energy use ratio, cooling sensitivity, and heating sensitivity are derived. Further, the energy consumption of buildings was classified into 16 patterns by using the energy consumption parameters. Each pattern was analyzed according to the building energy impact factors and the building energy management direction by applying the science and engineering buildings.

업무용 건물의 용도 및 운전 기간별 에너지 소비 특성 연구

박병훈(Byung Hun Park),김시헌(Si Heon Kim) 대한설비공학회 2017 설비공학 논문집 Vol.29 No.11

The purpose of this study is to calculate the energy consumption rate based on data regarding energy use in office buildings, and to confirm the general characteristics of energy consumption. The energy consumption rate of the building is calculated by dividing the energy consumption by the floor area. The energy consumption rate of small-sized office buildings was calculated as 101.48~201.55 kWh/㎡·year and in the case of medium-sized buildings, the range was 92.77~177.89 kWh/㎡·year. In the case of small buildings, it was found that the energy consumption was 73.24 kWh/㎡·year in electronic device, 34.31 kWh/㎡·year in hot water supply, and 18.37 kWh/㎡·year in heating. In the case of medium-sized buildings, electronic devices was 73.08 kWh/㎡․year, lighting was 18.35 kWh/㎡·year and heating, 15.37 kWh/㎡·year. In all of the study buildings, the peak heating energy use was observed from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m during the winter, and the peak power management was required. Energy use at and around the midnight hour is confirmed to be 40~60% of weekly working hours, so it is necessary to manage power use at night time as well as during the day. In order to improve the accuracy of future studies, it is necessary to make efforts to secure the data with standardized energy measuring units for the various type of buildings.

거주자의 건물에너지 절약을 위한 건축물 에너지 소비량 정보 구축 및 활용 전략

임재한(Lim, Jae-Han),진혜선(Jin, Hye-Sun),최보혜(Choi, Bo-Hye),김성임(Kim, Sung-Im),송승영(Song, Seung-Yeong) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2015 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to deduct the scheme of construction related to the building end-use energy consumption associated with domestic integrated management system for building energy by analyzing various building energy consumption statistics and database. Although building officials can be considered as a direct influencing factor to reduce building energy consumption, they are just given information related to the primary or total energy consumption like gas or electricity and it has been mainly used for national political purposes. In some countries, however, building energy consumption database or related statistics are given as a form of end-use energy units including space-heating, space-cooling, hot-water supply, ventilation, lighting etc. Furthermore, by constructing standard end-use energy database, real energy consumption could be compared with the standard one and building owners could be given some guidelines to reduce building energy. By doing this, we can take part in the building energy preservation spontaneously.

사무소 건물 평면의 장단변비 변화에 따른 에너지 소비 패턴에 관한 연구

김원석(Won-Seok Kim),김삼열(Samuel Kim) 대한설비공학회 2010 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.6

This study analyzed energy consumption of office building by ECOTECT ANALYSIS, a building energy simulation program. When lateral length of building increased, energy consumption of heating and cooling has been increased. Energy losses through conduction of building's fabric was increased but energy gains through direct isolation was increased. so it showed a little difference for total consumption energy. Gain of interior lighting level has been increased when lateral of building increased. So energy consumption of electric lighting has been decreased. Resultingly when the ratio of lateral to longitudinal length change, lateral long length of a building has more disadvantage too heating and cooling energy than square shape building but we found that the total consumption of energy could be excellent through advanced lighting design, at a plan for conservative of lighting energy.

대구광역시에 위치한 특급 호텔 건물의 도시가스 소비 특성 및 상관 요인 분석에 관한 연구

류지혜(Ryu, Ji-Hye),서윤규(Seo, Youn-Kyu),심인철(Shim, In-Chul),홍원화(Hong, Won-Hwa),김광우(Kim, Kwang-Woo) 대한건축학회 2012 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.28 No.10

The portion of domestic gross energy consumption, which is more than 30%, is about spending building part energy. Especially, about 92.5% of building part energy is used for residential building, commercial building. As part of national energy conservation, energy consumption structure of building part understands that should be preceded in order to grow efficient building. Recently city gas of energy resource is required for building shows most consuming rate of increase. Consequently there is study on intended hotels that are large in quantity typical energy consumption per unit of commercial building, are small in quantity energy efficiency. Researching on the actual conditions of city gas consumption, characteristics analysis of city gas consumption are based on LOAD DATA. That work is in domestic building part included hotels to increase energy efficiency. For more careful consumption characteristic analysis, correlation analysis operates classified by outdoor temperature, city gas consumption uses, the gross are of hotel buildings that are separated. The aim of analysis is to present the basis data. For the purpose of efficiency improvement of domestic building part energy uses including hotel buildings.