표지시간 변화에 의한 <SUP>99m</SUP>Tc과 적혈구 표지효율

동경래(Kyeong-Rae Dong),김호성(Ho-Seong Kim),최성관(Seong-Kwan Choi) 대한방사선과학회(구 대한방사선기술학회) 2007 방사선기술과학 Vol.30 No.3

본 연구는 <SUP>99m</SUP>Tc과 방사성 의약품인 적혈구(Erythrocyte)의 표지를 이용하여 신속한 핵의학적 검사를 시행해야 하는 환자들에게 표지효율 저하를 방지하여 영상의 정보를 더욱 정확하게 분석할 수 있도록 하기 위해 변형 체외 표지법을 이용한 방법에서 Stannous chloride(SnCl₂) 양, 표지시간, 적혈구 농도, 헤모글로빈(Hb) 수치에 따른 변화를 비교하여 분석하였다. 간혈관종 검사와 위장관출혈 검사를 시행한 전체 55명의 환자 중 정상으로 판명된 15명은 정상군, 이상소견으로 판명된 40명은 환자군으로 분리한 후, 환자군 중 적혈구 농도가 정상보다 낮은 환자와 헤모글로빈이 낮은 환자들의 표지시간 변화에 따른 표지효율을 측정하였다. 그 결과 정상인의 경우 Tin의 양이나 표지시간이 표지효율에 미치는 영향은 거의 없는 것으로 나타났으나 환자의 경우에는 표지시간(Incubation time)이 30분보다 60분이 표지효율이 높게 측정되었다. 따라서 적혈구 농도, 헤모글로빈 수치, 헤마토크리트 수치가 낮은 환자를 검사할 때 표지시간을 30분보다는 60분에서 시행하여 표지효율을 높여 보다 정확하고 좋은 영상정보를 얻을 수 있을 것이다. For the preparation of <SUP>99m</SUP>Tc-labeled RBC, 10~20㎍/kg of Stannous(Ⅱ) chloride and 10~40min of preparation was used. For finding out the effect of contrast agent, the blood samples were collected in three days, seven days, and 1 months after the diagnostic procedure. In the normal volunteer, the concentration of reducing agent and preparation time did not effect on the radiochemical yield. But in the patients, 10mg of Stannous(Ⅱ) chloride and 60min incubation times was shown high radiochemical yield. Contrast agent has a significant effect on the radiochemical yield. Although the blood samples which were collected after seven days of diagnostic procedure did not effect on the radiochemical yield of 99mTc- labeled RBC, but the radiochemical yield of <SUP>99m</SUP>Tc-labeled RBC which was prepared with a sample of high concentration of contrast agent in blood led to low radiochemical yield. For these samples, the modified method showed high radiochemical yield than previous in vivo preparation method. The recomended method is followed. Blood collecting was performed at 30 minutes after injection of reducing agent, and it is centrifuged for removal of plasma. After addition of <SUP>99m</SUP>TcO-4, sample reservoir was rotated. After addition of normal saline, and it is centrifuged for separation of saline. Then <SUP>99m</SUP>Tc-labeled RBC was obtained after removal of saline.

Q-particles vs. Ⅰ-particles - Licensors of the Question and the Indefinite wh-words

Young-Wha Kim(김영화) 한국생성문법학회 2006 생성문법연구 Vol.16 No.3

  This paper aims to figure out the syntactic configuration that can explain the two uses of wh-words in Korean; wh-interrogatives and the indefiniteness wh-words. We claim that the wh-feature in Spec, CP is licensed by the Q-particle in the highest C-position of the whole sentence, i.e. the Q-particle at the end of the sentence. The wh-words with the affixation of Ⅰ-particle do not form wh-interrogatives, since the intermediate Ⅰ-particle blocks the licensing of the [+WH] feature to the stem wh-word. The [+INDEF] feature is licensed by the I-particle in the position of n<SUP>*</SUP>. Following Chomsky(2006), we assume the particles affixed to the stem n<SUP>*</SUP> have morphological content, and thus have semantic effect. The head of nominal phrase is n<SUP>*</SUP>, and n<SUP>*</SUP>P is a phase. The n<SUP>*</SUP>P blocks long distance licensing. By this assumption, we can also solve the puzzle of the particle -to either of Free Choice or Negative Concord meaning.

Rotational Isomers of N-Alkyl-N-(o-acylphenyl)acetamides

Yeong-Joon Kim,Younbong Park,Kwanghee Koh Park 충남대학교 소재화학연구소 2007 소재화학연구소 논문집 Vol.- No.2

We have studied molecular structure of N-alkyl-N-(o-acylphenyl)acetamides 1?3 by <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR spectroscopy. The <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR spectra clearly displayed that two rotational isomers are present in solution and two geminal N?CH₂ protons are magnetically nonequivalent. This was explained by restricted rotations about both the amide N?CO bond and the aryl-nitrogen bond. The ratios of exo (benzene ring trans to carbonyl) and endo rotamers were estimated to be 6?8:1 from the <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR spectra. The X-ray analysis of N-ethyl-N-(o-benzoylphenyl) acetamide 1 showed that the crystal has exo-form. The rotations about both the amide N?CO bond and the aryl-nitrogen bond were slower on the NMR time scale.

Exacerbation of Japanese Encephalitis by CD11c<SUP>hi</SUP> Dendritic Cell Ablation Is Associated with an Imbalance in Regulatory Foxp3<SUP>+</SUP> and IL-17<SUP>+</SUP>CD4<SUP>+</SUP> Th17 Cells and in Ly-6C<SUP>hi</SUP> and Ly-6C<SUP>lo</SUP> Monocytes

Jin Young Choi,Jin Hyoung Kim,Ajit Mahadev Patil,Seong Bum Kim,Erdenebelig Uyangaa,Ferdaus Mohd Altaf Hossain,Seong Kug Eo 대한면역학회 2017 Immune Network Vol.17 No.3

CIE L<SUP>*</SUP>a<SUP>*</SUP>b<SUP>*</SUP> 칼라 공간의 성분 영상 a<SUP>*</SUP>을 이용한 효과적인 여드름 검출

박기홍(Ki-Hong Park),노희성(Hui-Seong Noh) 한국디지털콘텐츠학회 2018 한국디지털콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.19 No.7

Today, modern people perceive skin care as part of their physical health care, and acne is a common skin disease problem that is found on the face. In this paper, an effective acne detection algorithm using CIE L<SUP>*</SUP>a<SUP>*</SUP>b<SUP>*</SUP> color space has been proposed. It is red when the pixel value of the component image a<SUP>*</SUP> is a positive number, so it is suitable for detecting acne in skin image. First, the skin image based on the RGB color space is subjected to light compensation through color balancing, and converted into a CIE L<SUP>*</SUP>a<SUP>*</SUP>b<SUP>*</SUP> color space. The extracted component image a<SUP>*</SUP> was normalized, and then the skin and acne area were estimated with the threshold values. Experimental results show that the proposed method detects acne more effectively than the conventional method based on brightness information, and the proposed method is robust against the reflected light source.

성형화된 Hydroxyapatite를 이용한 수중 Pb²⁺와 Cd²⁺ 이온들의 제거 특성에 관한 연구

전진(Jeon Jin),신중혁(Sin Jung Hyeog) 大韓環境工學會 2004 대한환경공학회지 Vol.26 No.1

The New World Kirkpatrick<SUP>Ⓡ</SUP> Model과 적용 우수사례 연구

전제필(Je Pil Jeon) 한국경영학회 2017 한국경영학회 통합학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.08

국내에 교육평가 글로벌 표준인 Kirkpatrick Model이 도입된지 수십 년이 지났습니다. 그럼에도 불구하고 Kirkpatrick 4단계 교육평가의 창시자인 Donald Kirkpatrick 박사와 그의 뒤를 이어 모델을 발전시킨 Jim Kirkpatrick 박사(Donald Kirkpatrick 박사의 아들)가 공동으로 주장하는 ‘교육평가는 Level 4에서 출발하라’는 원칙은 지켜지지 않을 뿐 아니라, 교육현장이나 인적자원개발(HRD) 영역에서는 아직도 교육 효과성 평가가 아닌 효율적인 교육과정 개선을 위해 만들어진 Kirkpatrick Level 1(반응)평가나 Level 2(학습)평가가 교육평가로 오용되고 있습니다. 반면에, 글로벌 인적자원개발 분야의 주요 이슈인 교육평가와 Learning Transfer Platform(LTP)에 대한 연구가 최근 활발하게 이루어졌습니다. 그 결과 교육평가에서는 The New World Kirkpatrick<SUP>Ⓡ</SUP> Model(Jim Kirkpatrick & Wendy Kirkpatrick, 2009)이 발표되었고, Success Case Method의 창시자 Brinkerhoff 박사는 교육만의 효과보다는 교육전 사전 활동들과 교육 후 적용 지원활동을 통한 효과가 더욱 중요하다는 점을 실증연구(Brinkerhoff, 2006)로 밝혔습니다. 국내 인재개발과 육성을 위한 정부기관의 정책과 전략과도 긴밀하게 연계된 조직과 개인의 효과적인 역량강화를 위해 그 동안 잘못 시도된 내지는 시도조차 안한 Level 3(행동)평가와 함께 사전 활동들 및 적용 지원활동에 대한 눈을 떠야 할 시기입니다. 본 연구에서는 Kirkpatrick Model에 대한 지난 수십 년의 오해들을 살펴보고 The New World Kirkpatrick<SUP>Ⓡ</SUP> Model에 대한 정확한 내용을 소개할 것입니다. 더불어 적용 우수사례를 통하여 교육 외의 활동들과 어떠한 방법으로 그 적용을 지원하고 있는 지 소개하며 특히, 국내의 고용노동부 HRD 정책과 교육인적자원부 교육정책과 연계하여 인재개발과 교육 정책에 반영될 수 있는 몇 가지 이슈에 대하여 살펴보도록 할 것입니다. 끝으로 교육평가는 교육효과를 측정하여 다음 단계로 나아갈 수 있도록 척도가 되며, 사전 활동과 적용 지원활동은 단 시간/단 기간의 교육이나 온라인 교육의 단점을 보완할 뿐 아니라 이러한 교육을 뛰어 넘는 효과를 내고 있음이 실증적으로 밝혀졌습니다. 교육평가의 중요성과 사전 활동 및 적용 지원활동의 필요성 그리고 그동안 국내 선행 연구가 없는 “핵심 행동(Critical Behavior) – 선행지표(Leading Indicator) – 기대하는 결과(Desired Result) – 필수 동인들(Required Drivers)” 간의 관계를 향후에 규명할 수 있도록 수립한 연구모형에 대하여 살펴보도록 하겠습니다. It has been several decades since Kirkpatrick Model, the global standard for training evaluation, has been introduced in Korea. Dr. Jim Kirkpatrick(son of Dr. Donald Kirkpatrick) has advanced and upgraded the Kirkpatrick Model following Dr. Donald Kirkpatrick, the founder of the 4 levels<SUP>®</SUP> evaluation. However, the principle of ‘starting at Level 4’ is not being maintained in the field of training and human resource development(HRD). Kirkpatrick Level 1 (reaction) evaluation or Level 2 (learning) evaluation, which is designed to improve the effective training, is still misused as an training effectiveness evaluation. On the other hand, research on training evaluation and Learning Transfer Platform(LTP), which is a major issue in the global human resources development field, has been actively conducted recently. As a result, the New World Kirkpatrick<SUP>®</SUP> Model(Jim Kirkpatrick & Wendy Kirkpatrick, 2009) was published in the world. Dr. Brinkerhoff, the founder of the Success Case Method, has demonstrated an empirical study that pre-training activities and post-training support activities can be more important than training-only effects(Brinkerhoff, 2006). The policies and strategies of government agencies for the development and fostering of human resources in Korea are closely linked to the effective competency building of organizations and individuals. It is time for us to look at level 3(behavior) evaluation that have not been attempted or have been attempted incorrectly, pre-training activities, and post-training application support activities. In this study, we will look into the misconceptions of the Kirkpatrick Model over the past decades and introduce the exact content of The New World Kirkpatrick<SUP>®</SUP> Model. In addition, through the application best practices, I introduce activities other than training and how it supports application. In particular, I will look at several issues that can be reflected in HR development policy and education policy in conjunction with the HRD policy of Korea’s Ministry of Employment and Labor and the Education Policy of the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development. Finally, training evaluation is a scale to measure the training effectiveness and move on to the next level. I look at the importance of training evaluation and the necessity of pre-training activities and post-training application support activities. There were rarely domestic prior studies on the relationship between “critical behavior - leading indicator - desired result - required drivers”. I have established a research model to identify these relationships.

최흥효<SUB>崔興孝</SUB>와 15세기 서단<SUB>書壇</SUB>

유지복(柳志福) 한국국학진흥원 2016 국학연구 Vol.0 No.31

이 연구의 주요 대상인물은 15세기 초반에 활동했던 최흥효崔興孝(1370년경~1452년 이후)이다. 그는 초서에 뛰어나 안평대군安平大君 이용李瑢의 행서와 함께 동시에 칭송되었던 명가이다. 이 논문은 원元 조맹부趙孟頫의 송설체松雪體가 저변에 확대되기 이전인 15세기 초반의 서단에 주목하여 당시의 전환기적 특징이 어떠한 양상을 띠는지 살펴보기 위한 것이다. 이를 가장 집약적으로 보여주는 인물이 최흥효이다. 여말선초 및 15세기 서단에 관한 기존의 연구는 고려 말에 유입된 원대 서풍 중 유독 송설체에만 집중되어왔다. 심지어 당시에 병존하던 여러 서풍을 송설체로 귀결시키는 일반화의 오류를 범해왔다. 이 연구에서는 우리나라의 역대 법첩 및 국왕문서인 왕지王旨와 교지敎旨를 분석해 15세기 초반에 조맹부 뿐만 아니라 선우추鮮于樞와 강리노노康里巎巎의 원대 서풍도 널리 통용되었음을 밝혔다. 특히 분방함과 자유로운 기상이 표출된 최흥효의 초서는 전래의 서풍을 기반으로 강리노노의 서풍을 폭넓게 수용하였음을 밝혔다. 과거에 진晉의 유익庾翼과 왕희지王羲之가 서로 비견되었던 일화처럼 최흥효의 글씨는 종종 안평대군의 글씨와 비교되곤 하였다. 심지어 전혀 관계가 없는 유익의 서풍을 최흥효와 연관시키기도 하였다. 이는 안평대군이 구사한 송설체를 왕희지의 전형典型에 등치시키고자 한 의도로, 송설체를 고수하던 주류 서단의 배타적 인식이 드러난 결과였다. The major subject of this study is Choi Heunghyo (崔興孝, c. 1370 ~ d. after 1452), a prominent Korean calligrapher in the early 15<SUP>th</SUP> Century. With his outstanding cursive style, he was praised as the great calligrapher along side of Yi Yong (李瑢) the Grand Prince Anpyeong, the representative of the semi cursive style. Focusing on the calligraphy world during the early 15<SUP>th</SUP>century, when the calligraphy style of Zhao Mengfu (趙孟頫) of Yuan dynasty, known as pain-snow calligraphy style, was not yet widely disseminated in Korea, this thesis aims to examine the feature of the transition period in Korean calligraphy history. The transitional phenomenon epitomized in Choi Heunghyo’s works. The earlier studies on the calligraphy world in the late Goryeo and early Joseon periods and in the 15<SUP>th </SUP>century focused on the pine-snow calligraphy style in particular among the various calligraphy styles which were introduced from the Yuan dynasty during the late Goryeo period. And these studies made a generalization error to ascribe varied styles of those times to the pine-snow calligraphy style only. Analyzing Korean model calligraphy albums of all time as well as royal orders (王旨) and royal instructions (敎旨), this study illuminates that in the early 15<SUP>th</SUP> century, when not only Zhao Mengfu’s style but also Yuan dynasty calligraphy styles of Xian Yushu (鮮于樞) and Kangli Naonao(康里巎巎) were in wide currency in Korea. Especially this study revealed that Choi Heunghyo’s cursive writing as the expression of his far-outness and free vigor was broadly influenced by the style of Kangli Naonao on the base of traditional styles. Like the old story that the two Jin (晉) dynasty calligraphers Yu Yi (庾翼) and Wang Xizhi (王羲之) was used to be compared with each other, Choi’s handwriting often compared with that of Grand Prince Anpyeong. And even Choi Heunghyo was mentioned in relation to Yu Yi, who has no connection whatever with Choi. It is regarded as the result of exclusive understanding in the mainstream of Korean calligraphy world which persists in pine-snow calligraphy style which is followed by the attempt to place the Grand Prince Anpyeong’s writings with good command of pine-snow calligraphy style on the equivalence of typical model of Wang Xizhi’s style.

분광측정기를 이용한 자연 치아의 색조 비교 분석

김사학(Sa-Hak Kim),황성식(Seong-Sig Hwang),이혜은(Hye-Eun Lee) 한국콘텐츠학회 2016 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구는 상악 전치부 색조 선택에 객관적인 기준을 설정하고자 색체계 Shade-Eye NCC를 이용하여 CIE L<SUP><SUP>*</SUP></SUP>, a<SUP>*</SUP>, b<SUP>*</SUP>값으로 측정하여 이 값들을 비교 분석하고 그 의미를 고찰하고자 실시되었다. 치과를 내원하는 환자에게 연구 의도를 설명해 주고 동의를 얻어 111명(남자 50명, 여자 61명)의 3개 치아, 즉 상악 중절치, 상악 측절치, 상악 견치 총 333개의 치아를 측색하였다. 절단부와 치경부의 색차를 비교한 결과 상악견치의 ΔE<SUP>*</SUP>값이 5.81(±2.98)으로 가장 낮았으며, 상악 측절치 6.51(±3.23), 상악 중절치의 7.51(±3.04) 순으로 점차 그 색차가 커지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 중절치와 측절치, 견치 모두 여성이 남성에 비해 명도(L<SUP>*</SUP>)가 높았으며, 황색채도(b<SUP>*</SUP>)는 중절치에서 남성이 여성보다 약간 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 연령은 중절치의 명도(L<SUP>*</SUP>), 적색채도(a<SUP>*</SUP>), 황색채도(b<SUP>*</SUP>), 측절치와 견치의 명도(L<SUP>*</SUP>), 황색채도(b<SUP>*</SUP>)에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 흡연은 자연치의 색조에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 못하였으며, 음주는 중절치의 명도(L<SUP>*</SUP>)를 감소시키며, 측절치의 적색채도(a<SUP>*</SUP>)를 감소시키는 경향을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 만성질환은 중절치와 측절치의 명도(L<SUP>*</SUP>)를 감소시키는 경향을 나타냈다(p<0.05). This study is to set the objective criteria on maxillary incisors shade selection by using the colorimetric Shade-Eye NCC as measuring in CIE L<SUP>*</SUP>, a<SUP>*</SUP>, b<SUP>*</SUP> values, and look into the meaning by analyzing its values. We explain the purpose of this study and gotten their agreement from patients visiting the dentist, 111 people’s (men 50, women 61) three teeth, the maxillary central incisor, maxillary lateral incisor, maxillary canines, total of 333 teeth colorimetry. As a result of comparing the differences in colors between cervical margin and incisal edge, ΔE<SUP>*</SUP> of canine is shown as low as 5.81(±2.98), followed by lateral incisor of maxilla as 6.51(±3.23) and central incisor of maxilla 7.51(±3.04). Females show higher luminosity(L<SUP>*</SUP>) than males do in all teeth- central incisor, lateral incisor and canine; in yello chroma(b<SUP>*</SUP>) males’ central incisor is slightly higher than that of females (p<0.05). Age significantly influences the luminosity and red (a<SUP>*</SUP>) and yellow chroma (b<SUP>*</SUP>) of central incisor(L<SUP>*</SUP>); the luminosity(L<SUP>*</SUP>), and yellow chroma(b<SUP>*</SUP>) of lateral incisor and canine (p<0.05). Smoking doesn’t significantly influence the color of natural teeth. Drinking reduces the luminosity of central incisor as well as red chroma of lateral incisor(p<0.05). A chronic illness is likely to reduce the luminosity of central incisor and lateral incisor(p<0.05).

Dynamic Multi-Agent Pathfinding Algorithm(DMAP) using Optimized A* (OPA*)

Abhilash Sreeramaneni,Chan KOH 한국정보기술학회 2015 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2015 No.6

In day todays advanced gaming technology and real world transportation an intelligent pathfinder is necessary, for user satisfaction. This paper presents a multi-agent pathfinding algorithm (MAPF) for dynamic environments, where objects consistently change due its nature. Several pathfinding algorithms are exists today such as regular A<SUP>*</SUP>, IDA<SUP>*</SUP> etc. All these methods are built for static environment, typically performs low quality in dynamic environments. In this paper we apply our search algorithm in connected grid (3*3=9), to construct the real world environment. In this context first we proposed optimized A<SUP>*</SUP> (OPA<SUP>*</SUP>) to reduce the regular A<SUP>*</SUP> concerns such as, CPU cycles, expanding surplus nodes and memory issues. At last we implement centralized version of optimized A<SUP>*</SUP> with the help of hlocal. Local heuristic hlocal, calculate movement cost from start to goal and recursively from goal to start nodes (at main-level). Next it will assign links between the graphs and calculate minimum distance cost by evaluating, the nearest neighbor nodes of both ends. Finally agent triggers the OPA<SUP>*</SUP> (at sublevel), to calculate the optimized path between, a connected grids. We evaluate our method in two different random grid world with four different walls frequencies. In all environments our proposed algorithm (DMAP), achieves 60-75% efficiency without exponential complexity (i.e., Execution time, memory consumption, agents and ratio (cells\ms) than existing algorithms.