OBSERVATION OF THE MAGNETIC DOMAIN IN THIN - FILM HEADS BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Kazuo Kobayashi 한국자기학회 1995 韓國磁氣學會誌 Vol.5 No.5

Magnetic domains were observed using an image lock-in technique for backscattered electron contrast (Type Ⅱ with a 200 ㎸ scanning electron microscope. Backscattered electrons indicate a difference in magnetic domain structures at the upper and lower parts of the upper pole in thin-film heads, changing the acceleration voltage. With this method, it is also possible to observe the domain structure of the thin-film head pole through a 10 to 20 ㎛ protective layer, and the upper shield of the MR head through the coil in the resist, alumina overcoat, and upper pole.

Control of an Artificial-Hip-Joint Simulator to Evaluate Dislocation

Kazuo Kiguchi,Akira Yamashita,Makoto Sasaki,Masaru Ueno,Tsuneyuki Kobayashi,Masaaki Mawatari,Takao Hotokebuchi 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is performed to replace all or part of a human hip joint with an artificial joint for patients who have rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis of the hip joint. Although THA might result in postoperative complications of dislocation, wear and/or loose, their mechanisms have not been analyzed enough. We have developed an artificial-hip-joint simulator that can generate the same joint posture and joint contact force as those in daily life motion in order to evaluate the performance of the artificial-hip-joint. Dislocation of the artificial-hip-joint during daily living activities was generated by the simulator in order to analyze its mechanism.

Fatigue Strength of Angle Shape Shear Connector used in Steel-Concrete Composite Slab

최성민,Kazuo Tateishi,Daisuke Uchida,Koichi Asano,Kiyoshi Kobayashi 한국강구조학회 2008 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.8 No.3

Fatigue strength of welded joint between angle shape shear connector and bottom plate in steel-concrete composite slab was investigated by fatigue tests. Fatigue tests were performed on push-out shear specimens. Local stress around the welded joint was also investigated by FEA. In fatigue tests, fatigue cracks initiated and propagated at the welded toe. The fatigue cracks were caused by stress concentration at the welded joints due to the local bending deformation of bottom plate. This local bending deformation was analytically simulated by FEA carried out on slab members in practice. After these investigations, it was confirmed the stress level at the welded joint was small and much less than the fatigue limit even when the design truck loads were applied.

Changes in Psoas Major and Quadriceps Cross Sectional Area in Elderly People after 12 Weeks of Exercise

Toshiki Tachi,Kazuo Oguri,Suguru Torii,Kando Kobayashi,Katsunori Fujii,Jun Dong Kim(김준동),Ho Sung Nho(노호성) 한국생명과학회 2011 생명과학회지 Vol.21 No.1

본 연구는 남녀 노인을 대상으로 12주간의 트레이닝을 실시한 후, 대요근과 대퇴부 근육의 근 횡단면적의 변화를 검토하였다. 연구 대상자는 65세에서 80세까지의 노인 58명(남성 30명, 여성 28명)이었으며, 대조군 19명과 운동군 39명으로 나누어 실시하였다. 측정항목은 신장, 체중, 체질량, 대요근과 대퇴부의 근 횡단면적을 측정하였다. 근육의 평가는 자기공명영상법(MRI)을 사용하여 실험 전, 후 실시하였다. 운동군은 대요근과 대퇴부 근육을 증가시키기 위하여 특별히 고안된 기계를 사용하여 평균 주 2일, 12주 동안 23번의 트레이닝을 실시하였다. 대요근의 측정부위는 L4와 L5의 중간부위를 분석하고, 대퇴부는 대퇴골과 무릎까지 길이를 나누어 50%부위에서 분석하였다. 트레이닝 후, 운동군의 대요근 근횡단면적은 9.4% 증가하였다(남성 11.5%, 여성 8.4%). 그러나 대퇴부 근 횡단면적은 남녀 모두 운동 후 증가경향은 나타나지 않았다. 또한 같은 기간 대조군의 근 횡단면적에서도 유의한 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 대요근은 자세 유지와 허리, 골반 및 대퇴부의 연결에 중요한 역할을 담당하기 때문에, 특히 노인의 이동활동에 중요하다고 사료된다. 본 연구에서는 새로이 개발된 트레이닝 기계를 사용하여 단기간 트레이닝 후, 대요근 근 횡단면적의 증가를 확인하였으며, 이것은 노인들의 근력 및 이동능력의 향상 가능성이 시사되었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 12-weeks of movement training would increase the psoas major cross-sectional area (CSA) in senior men and women. Fifty eight men and women aged 65 to 80 years old (69.6±3.7, 30 male, 28 female) were divided into a control (n=19) and exercise group (n=39). Subjects were assessed before and after the training program for stature, body mass, and magnetic resonance imaging of the psoas major and the quadriceps muscle. The experimental group performed exercises using machines designed to improve the movement of the hip at a frequency of twice every week, with a total of 23 trainings in 12-weeks. Magnetic resonance images of both thighs and the abdomen and psoas major were obtained, aimed at 50% of the length of the greater trochanter and the lower edge of the femur and between the fourth (L4) and fifth (L5) lumbars. A 9.4% increase in the psoas major CSA in the training group was observed. In the male and female breakdown, a 11.5% and 8.4% change was observed in males and females, respectively. In the quadriceps, there was no significant statistical improvement in either males or females. Furthermore, in the control group, there was no significant change seen in either the psoas major or the quadriceps. As a result of conducting training that enables upkeep of posture and smooth linkage of the lumbar spine, the pelvis and thighbone, the psoas major CSA of older adults were improved in a short period of time. For this reason, the possibility of improving the psoas CSA, which decreases remarkably with increased age, by improving the linkage of the body trunk is also suggested.

질소 시비수준(施肥水準)에 따른 벼군락내 광환경변화와 생육과의 관계에 관한 연구

이정택,소림일웅 한국환경농학회 1989 한국환경농학회지 Vol.8 No.2

벼 群落內에서 光收支分布와 벼 生育特性을 밝히기 爲하여 統一型品種인 來敬과 자포니카인 黃金晴을 供試하여 窒素施肥料水準을 6, 10, 14, 18㎏/10a 으로 달리하여 벼 群落의 生育狀態의 差異를 주어 生育時期別로 群落內 光分布와 光吸收量에 따른 群落의 變化와 生育과의 關係를 調査分析한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1) 來敬과 黃金晴이 葉面積指數의 品種間差異는 來敬이 黃金晴보다 높았고 窒素施肥料水準에 따라서 크게 增加하였으나 黃金晴은 N 14㎏/10a까지만 急激히 增加하였다. 2) 乾物重의 增加는 移秧後20日 까지는 品種間 窒素施肥水準間 差異를 보이지 않았지만 그 以後는 窒素施肥反應의 品種間 差異를 보였는데 來敬이 黃金晴보다 乾物生産量이 많았다. 3) 벼群落의 反射率은 移秧直後에는 水面反射率과 비슷한 6%였고 生育이 進展됨에 따라 증가하다가 出穗期에 20% 程度로서 最高에 달하였다. 4) 葉面積指數가 비슷할 때 群落反射率의 品種간 差異가 認定되었으며, 來敬이 黃金晴보다 平均 1% 程度 높았다. 5) 벼群落內에서 光減衰係數(K)는 0.23∼0.37의 範圍였으며 來敬이 黃金晴보다 낮았다. 窒素施肥水準의 增加 따라 葉面積指數는 增加하였고 光減衰係數 減少하였다. 6) 벼群落의 吸光量은 光減衰係數가 낮은 來敬이 黃金晴에 比하여 많았다. 7) 吸光量에 따른 乾物生産은 直線的으로 增加하는 傾向이었으며 窒素施肥水準이 높아짐에 따라 乾物重도 增加하였다. 品種別 乾物重增加 特性은 窒素施肥水準이 6㎏/10a에서는 서로 差異가 없었으나 N, 18㎏/10a水準에서는 來敬이 黃金晴에 比하여 높았다. To find the effects of solar energy into the rice canopy and its balance on the rice plant growth, a Tongil type rice, Raekyeong and a japonica rice, Koganebare were used with four levels of nitrogen fertilizer application, 6, 10, 14, and 18㎏ l0a^(-1) in Chigugo, Japan. The micrometerosological data, the solar radiation and absorbed solar radiation by the rice plants, and leaf area index on cardinal growth stage of the rice community were measured. The results are as follows : Raekyeong showed increased LAI by increased nitrogen fertilizer application rates, and larger LAI than Koganebear. 1. There was no difference in total dry weight till 20 days after transplanting regardless of nitrogen levels in the same variety, after that, however, Raekyeong showed higher dry matter productions for the same durations than Koganebare. 2. In early growth stage of transplanting rice, reflection ratio of solar radiation above the crop canogy was about 6%, however, it was increased up to 20% by the increased LAI at heading date. 3. In high levels of nitrogen application plots, LAI were increased so that values were decreased. 4. Relationship between the amount of absorbed radiation by plants and its dry matter production was linearly significant. Higher levels of nitrogen application produced higher dry matter in Raekyeong, however, in lower level, the dry matter production pattern was almost similar between both rice cultivars.

QAM-OFDM System with IDAR Method in Satellite Channel

Boonsrimuang, Pisit,Mori, Kazuo,Paungma, Tawil,Kobayashi, Hideo 통신위성우주산업연구회 2004 Joint Conference on Satellite Communications Vol.2004 No.-

The future satellite communications system is required to support the higher transmission data rate for providing the multimedia services by employing the efficient modulation method such as multi-level QAM. However, the employment of multi-level QAAM in the satellite channel would cause the fatal degradation of signal quality due to the non-linear amplifiers located at the earth station and satellite. To overcome this problem, we have proposed the multi-level QAM-OFDM technique with IDAR (Improved Decision Aided Reconstruction) method. In the IDAR method, the characteristic of non-linear amplifier is required as the known data at the receiver for mitigating the inter-modulation noise. This paper proposes the estimation method for AM-AM and AM-PM characteristics of non-linear amplifier by using the low PAPR (Peak to Averaged Power Ratio) preamble symbols. This paper presents various computer simulation results to verify the effectiveness of proposed method in the non-linear satellite channel.

Development of Immersion Type Molten Steel Levelmeter

Michio Morii,Makoto Azuma,kazuo Kobayashi,Masao Tezuka 대한전자공학회 1990 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1990 No.01

Post-prandial decrease in plasma growth hormone levels is not related to the increase in plasma insulin levels in goats

Koki Nishihara,Ryoko Kobayashi,Yutaka Suzuki,Katsuyoshi Sato,Kazuo Katoh,노상건 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.12

Objective: In the present study, we examined whether the post-prandial reduction in plasma growth hormone (GH) levels is related to the increase in plasma insulin levels in ruminants. Methods: We performed two experiments: intravenous bolus injection of insulin (0.2 IU/kg body weight) or glucose (1.0 mmol/kg body weight) was administered to increase the plasma insulin levels in male Shiba goats. Results: In the insulin injection experiment, significant (p<0.05) increase in GH concentrations was observed, 15 to 20 min after the injection; it was accompanied with a significant (p<0.01) increase in cortisol concentrations at 45 to 90 min, when compared to the concentrations in the saline-injected controls. The glucose injection significantly (p<0.05) increased the plasma GH concentration at 20 to 45 min; this was not accompanied by significantly higher cortisol concentrations than were observed for the saline-injected control. Hypoglycemia induced by the insulin injection, which causes the excitation of the adrenal cortex, might be involved in the increase in insulin levels. Conclusion: Based on these results, we conclude that post-prandial increases in plasma insulin or glucose levels do not induce a decrease in GH concentration after feeding in the ruminants.

DEVELOPMENT OF IMMERSION TYPE MOLTEN STEEL LEVELMETER

Michio Morii,Makoto Azuma,Kazuo Kobayashi,Masao Tezuka 제어로봇시스템학회 1990 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.1 No.2

Long-term safety and effectiveness of adalimumab in 462 patients with intestinal Behçet’s disease: results from a large real-world observational study

( Yasuo Suzuki ),( Takashi Hagiwara ),( Mariko Kobayashi ),( Kazuo Morita ),( Tomoyo Shimamoto ),( Toshifumi Hibi ) 대한장연구학회 2021 Intestinal Research Vol.19 No.3

Background/Aims: The safety and effectiveness of adalimumab was demonstrated in a phase 3 trial in Japanese patients with intestinal Behçet’s disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of adalimumab in Japanese patients with intestinal Behçet’s disease. Methods: This prospective, all-case, post-marketing study was conducted at 254 centers in Japanese patients with intestinal Behçet’s disease receiving adalimumab. The primary endpoint was incidence of adverse drug reactions. Effectiveness endpoints included global improvement rating and change in C-reactive protein levels. Results: Of the 473 registered patients, 462 and 383 included in the safety and effectiveness populations were administered adalimumab for a mean of 515.3 and 579.5 days, respectively. Overall, 395 patients (85.5%) received adalimumab at the recommended dose. Adverse drug reactions and serious adverse drug reactions were reported in 120 (25.97%) and 51 (11.04%) patients, respectively. The incidence of adverse drug reactions was significantly higher in patients with comorbidities (P<0.0001), patients taking concomitant oral corticosteroids (P<0.0001), and those not self-administering adalimumab (P=0.0257). At study end, global improvement rating was “effective” (n=156, 40.7%) or “markedly effective” (n=168, 43.9%) in 324 patients (overall effective, 84.6%). Mean C-reactive protein levels (mg/dL) decreased from 1.96 at baseline (n=324) to 0.58 at week 24 (n=208) and 0.25 at week 156 (n=37). Conclusions: This large real-world study confirmed the long-term safety and effectiveness of adalimumab in patients with intestinal Behçet’s disease. No new safety concerns were identified. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT01960790) (Intest Res 2021;19:301-312)