Verb Copying and Situation Delimiters in Chinese

박혜선,Zhang Lan 대한언어학회 2006 언어학 Vol.14 No.2

Park, Hyeson & Zhang, Lan. 2006. Verb Copying and Situation Delimiters in Chinese. The Linguistic Association of Korea Journal, 14(2), 115-131. Chinese has the verb copying construction, in which a verb is copied after a non-referential/non-specific object in the presence of adverbial elements such as duration and frequency phrases, or the complex stative construction. Several analyses have been proposed for this construction from both formal and functional perspectives. Among the formalists, Yi (1990) proposes that verb copying occurs to assign case to the adverbial, which is an NP in Chinese. In this paper, incorporating Yi's case approach and Wechsler and Lee's (1996) theory on 'situation delimiters', and in comparison with Korean accusative marked adverbials, we propose a new analysis of the verb copying construction. Wechsler and Lee (1996) propose that accusative marked adverbials in Korean are situation delimiters and they get accusative case due to the universal principle, Case Domain Generalization (CDG), which states that the domain of direct case for a predicate may be extended to include a situation delimiter. Contrary to Wechsler & Lee, however, we propose that CDG is not a universal principle; rather, it is parameterized depending on whether multiple accusative case checking is allowed or not in a language. Since Chinese does not allow multiple case checking, verb copying is utilized to license the situation delimiters.

Association between Polymorphisms of MSTN and MYF5 Genes and Growth Traits in Three Chinese Cattle Breeds

Zhang, R.F.,Chen, H.,Lei, C.Z.,Zhang, C.L.,Lan, X.Y.,Zhang, Y.D.,Zhang, H.J.,Bao, B.,Niu, H.,Wang, X.Z. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.12

The objective of this study was to assess the association of polymorphisms in MSTN and MYF5 genes with growth traits in three Chinese cattle breeds. Only one homozygous animal with BB genotype at MSTN locus was observed in Jiaxian population which was at Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (p<0.05). The frequencies of allele A at MSTN locus and allele B at MYF5 locus in the three Chinese breeds were 0.9550/0.9730/0.9720 and 0.8275/0.7581/0.7523, respectively. Allele A at MSTN locus and allele B at MYF5 locus were dominant in these three populations. No statistically significant differences in growth traits were observed between the genotypes of the Jiaxian breed at MSTN and MYF5 loci and the Nanyang breed at MYF5 locus. However, there were statistically significant differences between the genotypes at MSTN locus of the Nanyang breed for WH, HG, HGI and HGBLR (p<0.05), and of the Qinchuan breed for BLI (p<0.05). The SNP in MYF5 had significant effects on WH and HHC of Qinchuan animals (p<0.05). These results suggest that MSTN and MYF5 are strong candidate genes that influence growth traits in cattle. Other SNPs of MSTN and MYF5 or other linked genes should also be studied, which could lead to the development of selection plans to improve the performance of Chinese cattle and also promote the breeding of genuine beef cattle in China.

Comparison of Multiple Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Indices in Chinese COPD Patients

Zhang, Jinsong,Miller, Anastasia,Li, Yongxia,Lan, Qinqin,Zhang, Ning,Chai, Yanling,Hai, Bing The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2018 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.81 No.2

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious chronic condition with a global impact. Symptoms of COPD include progressive dyspnea, breathlessness, cough, and sputum production, which have a considerable impact on the lives of patients. In addition to the human cost of living with COPD and the resulting death, COPD entails a huge economic burden on the Chinese population, with patients spending up to one-third of the average family income on COPD management in some regions is clinically beneficial to adopt preventable measures via prudent COPD care utilization, monetary costs, and hospitalizations. Methods: Toward this end, this study compared the relative effectiveness of six indices in predicting patient healthcare utilization, cost of care, and patient health outcome. The six assessment systems evaluated included the three multidimensional Body mass index, Obstruction, Dyspnea, Exercise capacity index, Dyspnea, Obstruction, Smoking, Exacerbation (DOSE) index, and COPD Assessment Test index, or the unidimensional measures that best predict the future of patient healthcare utilization, cost of care, and patient health outcome among Chinese COPD patients. Results: Multiple linear regression models were created for each healthcare utilization, cost, and outcome including a single COPD index and the same group of demographic variables for each of the outcomes. Conclusion: We conclude that the DOSE index facilitates the prediction of patient healthcare utilization, disease expenditure, and negative clinical outcomes. Our study indicates that the DOSE index has a potential role beyond clinical predictions.

Over expression of the wheat BEL1-like gene TaqSH1 affects floral organ abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana

Lan Zhang,Danmei Liu,Di Wang,Rongzhi Zhang,Shuaifeng Geng,Liang Wu,Aili Li,Long Mao 한국식물학회 2013 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.56 No.2

Seed shattering is one of the major domestication traits of crops. In wheat, except for the Q gene whose mutation renders free threshing and changing of rachis fragility, not much is known about the molecular mechanism for this process. We report here the cloning and characterization of TaqSH1, the ortholog of the rice seed shattering gene qSH1. TaqSH1 encodes a BEL1-like protein that is conserved between monocots and eudicots. TaqSH1 was located on the homoeologous group 3, a potential new genetic locus for seed threshability in wheat. Over expression of TaqSH1 in Arabidopsis resulted in dwarfed plants. The inflorescences of transgenic plants were more compact with larger pedicel angles. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the transgenic siliques had a narrower replum where the dehiscence zone was altered. In addition, abscission of petals was significantly delayed due to delayed abscission zone development. Real-time PCR assays showed that over expression of TaqSH1 down regulated known Arabidopsis abscission related genes IDA, HAESA, KNAT1/6 and SHP1/2 in the transgenic plants. Taken together, our data suggest that TaqSH1 may represent another example of conserved mechanisms across monocots and eudicots for fruit/grain abscission and should have potential application in genetic manipulation of wheat seed shattering.

Microwave-assisted Solvent-free Synthesis of Some Dimethine Cyanine Dyes, Spectral Properties and TD-DFT/PCM Calculations

Zhang, Xiang-Han,Wang, Lan-Ying,Zhai, Gao-Hong,Wen, Zhen-Yi,Zhang, Zu-Xun Korean Chemical Society 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.12

A series of dimethine cyanine dyes were synthesized in a fast, efficient and high yield by the condensation of quaternary salts with 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde in the presence of piperidine under solvent-free microwave irradiation. The products were identified by 1H NMR, IR, UV-Vis spectra and elemental analysis. The absorption and fluorescence properties of these dyes were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Calculations performed at a combination of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and the polarizable continuum model (PCM) reproduced the π-π* type absorption bands of the dyes. Regression analysis was used for studying theoretical results of the absorption maxima in different solvents. Compared with experimental counterparts, estimated overall uncertainties in the absorption maxima were about ±2%.

Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline LiTiO₂ using a one-step hydrothermal method /

Zhang, Dong Ri,Liu, Hai Lan,Jin, Rong Hu,Zhang, Nan Zhe,Liu, Yue Xian,Kang, Young Soo The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering C 2007 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.13 No.1

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ is essential for secretion of ANP induced by prostaglandin D₂ in the beating rat atrium

Zhang, Ying,Li, Xiang,Liu, Li-Ping,Hong, Lan,Liu, Xia,Zhang, Bo,Wu, Cheng-Zhe,Cui, Xun The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2017 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.21 No.3

Prostaglandin $D_2$ ($PGD_2$) may act against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and play an anti-inflammatory role in the heart. Although the effect of $PGD_2$ in regulation of ANP secretion of the atrium was reported, the mechanisms involved are not clearly identified. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether $PGD_2$ can regulate ANP secretion in the isolated perfused beating rat atrium, and its underlying mechanisms. $PGD_2$ (0.1 to $10{\mu}M$) significantly increased atrial ANP secretion concomitantly with positive inotropy in a dose-dependent manner. Effects of $PGD_2$ on atrial ANP secretion and mechanical dynamics were abolished by AH-6809 ($1.0{\mu}M$) and AL-8810 ($1.0{\mu}M$), $PGD_2$ and prostaglandin $F2{\alpha}$ ($PGF2{\alpha}$) receptor antagonists, respectively. Moreover, $PGD_2$ clearly upregulated atrial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) and the $PGD_2$ metabolite 15-deoxy-${\Delta}12$, 14-$PGJ_2$ (15d-$PGJ_2$, $0.1{\mu}M$) dramatically increased atrial ANP secretion. Increased ANP secretions induced by $PGD_2$ and 15d-$PGJ_2$ were completely blocked by the $PPAR{\gamma}$ antagonist GW9662 ($0.1{\mu}M$). PD98059 ($10.0{\mu}M$) and LY294002 ($1.0{\mu}M$), antagonists of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling, respectively, significantly attenuated the increase of atrial ANP secretion by $PGD_2$. These results indicated that $PGD_2$ stimulated atrial ANP secretion and promoted positive inotropy by activating $PPAR{\gamma}$ in beating rat atria. MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were each partially involved in regulating $PGD_2$-induced atrial ANP secretion.

NEAT1 promotes keratinocyte migration and proliferation during wound healing by regulating miR-26a-5p/LGR4 axis

Zhang Lan,Tian Rong,Wang Kui 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2023 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.19 No.3

Background Wound re-epithelialization is considered as an extremely important link in the complete reconstruction of the epidermal barrier. The present study is aimed to determine the association between transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and re-epithelialization. Objective It was aimed to explore the possible molecular mechanism of TGF-β mediated re-epithelialization. Results NEAT1 was upregulated in TGF-β1-treated HaCaT cells and promoted cell proliferation. NEAT1 overexpression enhanced the wound healing and upregulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 in TGF-β1-treated HaCaT cells. Mechanically, TGF-β1 down-regulated miR-26a-5p through targeting NEAT1 in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, NEAT1/miR-26a-5p axis regulated the expression of LGR4 in HaCaT cells. Finally, the results showed that NEAT1/miR-26a-5p/LGR4 axis was involved in TGF-β1-mediated re-epithelialization. Conclusion NEAT1/miR-26a-5p/LGR4 network is an important participant in TGF-β1-mediated keratinocyte proliferation and migration, which provides a novel perspective for understanding the cellular behavior and related molecular events in re-epithelialization.

Multifunctional Antireflection Coatings Based on Novel Hollow Silica–Silica Nanocomposites

Zhang, Xianpeng,Lan, Pinjun,Lu, Yuehui,Li, Jia,Xu, Hua,Zhang, Jing,Lee, YoungPak,Rhee, Joo Yull,Choy, Kwang-Leong,Song, Weijie American Chemical Society 2014 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.6 No.3

<P>Antireflection (AR) coatings that exhibit multifunctional characteristics, including high transparency, robust resistance to moisture, high hardness, and antifogging properties, were developed based on hollow silica–silica nanocomposites. These novel nanocomposite coatings with a closed-pore structure, consisting of hollow silica nanospheres (HSNs) infiltrated with an acid-catalyzed silica sol (ACSS), were fabricated using a low-cost sol–gel dip-coating method. The refractive index of the nanocomposite coatings was tailored by controlling the amount of ACSS infiltrated into the HSNs during synthesis. Photovoltaic transmittance (<I>T</I><SUB>PV</SUB>) values of 96.86–97.34% were obtained over a broad range of wavelengths, from 300 to 1200 nm; these values were close to the theoretical limit for a lossy single-layered AR coating (97.72%). The nanocomposite coatings displayed a stable <I>T</I><SUB>PV</SUB>, with degradation values of less than 4% and 0.1% after highly accelerated temperature and humidity stress tests, and abrasion tests, respectively. In addition, the nanocomposite coatings had a hardness of approximately 1.6 GPa, while the porous silica coatings with an open-pore structure showed more severe degradation and had a lower hardness. The void fraction and surface roughness of the nanocomposite coatings could be controlled, which gave rise to near-superhydrophilic and antifogging characteristics. The promising results obtained in this study suggest that the nanocomposite coatings have the potential to be of benefit for the design, fabrication, and development of multifunctional AR coatings with both omnidirectional broadband transmission and long-term durability that are required for demanding outdoor applications in energy harvesting and optical instrumentation in extreme climates or humid conditions.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2014/aamick.2014.6.issue-3/am405258d/production/images/medium/am-2013-05258d_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am405258d'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Optical Characters Measurement and Simulation of 2D Cross Grating Microstructures of Butterfly Wings

Zhang, Wang,Zhang, Di,Chen, Wei-Xin,Gu, Jia-Jun,Liu, Qin-Lei,Zhu, Shen-Ming,Su, Hui-Lan,Feng, Chuan-Liang,Moon, Won-Jin 한국정밀공학회 2012 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.13 No.9

In this paper, the reflectance of the butterfly wings are measured by using the microspectrophotometer as the optical character with the reflectance on several scales on the wings. Reflectance spectra from different wing scale zones with the same color are dramatically different. And it suggests that the tiny structural difference has the great influence on the reflectance property. In addition, the microstructures of the butterfly wings can be simplified to a 2D crossing grating. By simulating a two-dimensional model using rigorous coupled-wave analysis technique, the optical properties of the butterfly wings were investigated. The simulation results depend strongly on the structural parameters and refractive index. The research will reveal the mechanisms of the structural color of 2D crossing grating butterfly wings.