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The Fate of Aspen Extractives in Kraft Pulping and Oxygen Delignification
신수정,Yuan-Zong Lai 한국펄프.종이工學會 2005 펄프.종이기술 Vol.37 No.3
The compositions of residual extractives in woodmeal, unbleached and oxygen-delignified aspen kraft pulps were investigated with gas chromatography(GC) and gas chromatog-raphy-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with focus on fate of extractives in kraft pulping and oxygen delignification. Steryl esters and shorter retention time (shorter than palmitic acid) extractives were main extractives in aspen woodmeal. Shorter retention time extractives were well removed in kraft pulping. Sterol esters were hydrolyzed to sterols and fatty acids. Sterols and fatty acids were two major extractives classes in unbleached kraft pulps. Linoleic acid was main fatty acids in unbleached pulps compared with palmitic acid which is generally found in aspen woodmeal. Sterolsand fatty acids were also two major extractives classes in oxygen-delignified kraft pulps. However, linoleic acid was well removed in oxygen delignification.
( Ya-min Lai ),( Wei-yan Yao ),( Yao He ),( Xuan Jiang ),( Yu-bei Gu ),( Min-hu Chen ),( Yu-lan Liu ),( Yao-zong Yuan ),( Jia-ming Qian ) 대한소화기학회 2017 Gut and Liver Vol.11 No.2
Background/Aims: Patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) have elevated levels of activated myeloid-derived leukocytes as a source of inflammatory cytokines. The selective deple-tion of these leukocytes by adsorptive granulocyte/monocyte apheresis (GMA) with an Adacolumn should alleviate inflammation, promote remission and enhance drug efficacy. However, studies have reported contrasting efficacy out-comes based on patients` baseline demographic variables. This study was undertaken to understand the demographic features of GMA responders and nonresponders. Methods: This was a multicenter study in China involving four institutions and 34 patients with active UC. Baseline conventional medications were continued without changing the dosage. The treatment efficacy was evaluated based on the endo-scopic activity index and the Mayo score. Results: Thirty of the 34 patients completed all 10 GMA treatment sessions. The overall efficacy rate was 70.59%. The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curve was approximately 0.766 for a Mayo score of ≤5.5 with 0.273 specificity and 0.857 sensitivity (Youden index, 0.584) for GMA responders. No GMA-related serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions: The overall efficacy of GMA in patients with active UC who were taking first-line medications or were corticosteroid refractory was encouraging. Addition-ally, GMA was well tolerated and had a good safety profile. (Gut Liver 2017;11:216-225)
Impact of Residual Extractives and Hexenuronic Acid on Lignin Determination of Kraft pulps
신수정,Leland R.Schroeder,Yuan-Zong Lai 한국펄프.종이工學會 2004 펄프.종이기술 Vol.36 No.5
The amount of non-lignin components in unbleached and oxygen-delignified kraft pulps and their impact on lignin determinations was investigated. The lignin analyses investigated were kappa number and Klason lignin in conjunction with acid-soluble lignin. The species investigated were loblolly pine, and aspen. The non-lignin components that impacted on lignin determination were residual extractives and hexenuronic acid in unbleached and oxygen-delignified kraft pulps.In the hardwoods, significant amounts of extractives remained after kraft pulping and oxygen delignification. These residual extractives in the hardwood pulps had an impact on the lignin determination, more so on the acid lignin method than kappa number. Hexenuronic acid only impacts on kappa number determination both softwood and hardwood pulps, not on acid lignin. Hexeneuronic acid contributed as lignin content more in aspen than pine pulps, and more in oxygen-delignified than unbleached kraft pulps. Impact of hexenuronic acid on should be corrected both softwood and hardwood pulps for accurate kappa number.