How Rule of Law Complement Economic Development

Muhammad Yousaf Kakar,Muhammad Kamran Taj 아시아사회과학학회 2021 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.5 No.3

The rule of law and legal systems are seen as precondition for longterm economic growth. The weakness of legal system in the developing world is seen as the major problem in economic growth. Therefore, strengthening the rule of law and legal systems is required for the economic development for the developing world. The rule of law, on the other hand, is a multidimensional concept that consists variety of separate components ranging from personals security, property protection, government accountability and control of corruption. The rule of law is required at the National level to create a good environment for generating sustainable livelihoods and reducing poverty. It’s also promotes development by empowering individuals and communities, assuring access to justice, ensuring due process, and establishing remedies for human rights violations. More so, security of livelihoods, shelter, tenure and contracts can enable and empower the poor to defend themselves against violations of their rights. Legal empowerment promotes and improves economic prospects in addition to providing legal remedies. For the achievement of sustainable development goals, all human rights, including economic, social, and cultural rights, as well as the right to development, must be protected by implementation of legal system of the country. Further rule of law may provide a legal framework, contractual clarity, and conflict resolution process that aid economic growth and development.

How Rule of Law Complements Economic Development

Muhammad Yousaf Kakar,Muhammad Kamran Taj 아시아사회과학학회 2022 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.7 No.2

The rule of law and legal systems are seen as a precondition for long-term economic growth. The weakness of the legal system in the developing world is seen as a major problem in economic growth. Therefore, strengthening the rule of law and legal systems is required for the economic development of the developing world. The rule of law, on the other hand, is a multidimensional concept that consists of a variety of separate components ranging from personals security, property protection, government accountability and control of corruption. The rule of law is required at the National level to create a good environment for generating sustainable livelihoods and reducing poverty. It also promotes development by empowering individuals and communities, assuring access to justice, ensuring due process, and establishing remedies for human rights violations. More so, security of livelihoods, shelter, tenure and contracts can enable and empower the poor to defend themselves against violations of their rights. Legal empowerment promotes and improves economic prospects in addition to providing legal remedies. For the achievement of sustainable development goals, all human rights, including economic, social, and cultural rights, as well as the right to development, must be protected by the implementation of the legal system of the country. Further rule of law may provide a legal framework, contractual clarity, and conflict resolution process that aid economic growth and development.

Multibody Dynamics Simulation based Optimal Flight Control of bioinspired FWMAV

Muhammad Yousaf Bhatti(무하마드 유사프 바티),Sang-Gil Lee(이상길),Hyeon-Ho Yang(양현호),Jae-Hung Han(한재흥) 한국항공우주학회 2021 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

Effect of partially replacing soybean meal with sunflower meal with supplementation of multienzymes on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, ileal digestibility, digestive enzyme activity and caecal microbiota in broilers

Yaqoob Muhammad Umar,Yousaf Muhammad,Imran Safdar,Hassan Safdar,Iqbal Waqar,Zahid Muhammad Umer,Ahmad Naveed,Wang Minqi 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.10

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) with sunflower meal (SFM) with added exogenous multienzymes (MEs) on various biological parameters in broilers. Methods: One week-old, 400 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatments (control, 3SFM, 6SFM, and 9SFM) with 5 replicates/treatment (20 chicks/replicate). Control diet was without SFM and MEs, while diets of 3SFM, 6SFM, and 9SFM treatments were prepared by replacing SBM with SFM at levels of 3%, 6%, and 9%, respectively, and were supplemented with MEs (100 mg/kg). Feeding trial was divided into grower (8 to 21 day) and finisher phases (22 to 35 day). External marker method was used to measure the nutrient digestibility. At the end of trial, twenty birds (one birds per replicate) with similar body weight were slaughtered for samples collection. Results: No significant effect of dietary treatments was found on all parameters of growth performance and carcass characteristics, except relative weight of bursa. Weight (25.0 g) and length (15.80 cm) of duodenum were significantly (p<0.05) higher in 3SFM than control. Lowest (p<0.05) villus height/crypt depth ratio was found in 3SFM and 9SFM than control. Most of meat quality parameters remained unaffected, however, highest pH of breast meat (6.16) and thigh meat (6.44) were observed in 9SFM and 3SFM, respectively. Lowest (p<0.05) cook loss of thigh meat was found in 6SFM (31.76%). Ileal digestibility of crude protein was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 3SFM (72.35%) than control (69.46%). In addition, amylase (16.87 U/mg) and protease (85.18 U/mg) activities were significantly (p<0.05) higher in 3SFM than control. However, cecal microbial count remained unaffected. Conclusion: Partial replacement (up to 9%) of SBM with SFM, with added MEs can help to improve the nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activities without affecting cecal microbial count and growth performance in broilers. Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) with sunflower meal (SFM) with added exogenous multienzymes (MEs) on various biological parameters in broilers.Methods: One week-old, 400 broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatments (control, 3SFM, 6SFM, and 9SFM) with 5 replicates/treatment (20 chicks/replicate). Control diet was without SFM and MEs, while diets of 3SFM, 6SFM, and 9SFM treatments were prepared by replacing SBM with SFM at levels of 3%, 6%, and 9%, respectively, and were supplemented with MEs (100 mg/kg). Feeding trial was divided into grower (8 to 21 day) and finisher phases (22 to 35 day). External marker method was used to measure the nutrient digestibility. At the end of trial, twenty birds (one birds per replicate) with similar body weight were slaughtered for samples collection.Results: No significant effect of dietary treatments was found on all parameters of growth performance and carcass characteristics, except relative weight of bursa. Weight (25.0 g) and length (15.80 cm) of duodenum were significantly (p<0.05) higher in 3SFM than control. Lowest (p<0.05) villus height/crypt depth ratio was found in 3SFM and 9SFM than control. Most of meat quality parameters remained unaffected, however, highest pH of breast meat (6.16) and thigh meat (6.44) were observed in 9SFM and 3SFM, respectively. Lowest (p<0.05) cook loss of thigh meat was found in 6SFM (31.76%). Ileal digestibility of crude protein was significantly (p<0.05) higher in 3SFM (72.35%) than control (69.46%). In addition, amylase (16.87 U/mg) and protease (85.18 U/mg) activities were significantly (p<0.05) higher in 3SFM than control. However, cecal microbial count remained unaffected.Conclusion: Partial replacement (up to 9%) of SBM with SFM, with added MEs can help to improve the nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzyme activities without affecting cecal microbial count and growth performance in broilers.

New Mg0.5CoxZn0.5xFe2O4 nano-ferrites: Structural elucidation and electromagnetic behavior evaluation

Maria Yousaf Lodhi,Khalid Mahmood,Azhar Mahmood,Huma Malik,Muhammad Farooq Warsi,Imran Shakir,M. Asghar,Muhammad Azhar Khan 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.5

In this work cobalt substituted magnesium zinc nanocrystalline spinel ferrites having general formula Mg0.5CoxZn0.5xFe2O4 where x ¼ 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 were synthesized using micro-emulsion technique. The Co substituted samples annealed at 700 C and characterized by various characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dielectric measurements and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). XRD analysis confirmed single phase spinel structure and the crystalline size calculated by Scherrer’s formula found to be in 21.38e45.5 nm range. The lattice constant decreases as substitution of Co is increased. The decrease in lattice constant is attributed to the smaller ionic radius of cobalt as compared to zinc ion. The FTIR spectra reveled two prominent frequency bands in the wave number range 400e600 cm1 which confirm the cubic spinel structure and completion of chemical reaction. The dielectric parameters were observed to decrease with the increased Co contents. The peaking behavior was observed beyond 1.8 GHz. The frequency dependent dielectric properties of all these nanomaterials have been explained qualitatively in accordance with Koop’s phenomenological theory. Magnetic studies revealed that the coercivity (Hc) attains maximum value of 818 Oe at w21 nm. The increasing trend of magnetic parameters (coercivity and retentivity) is consistent with crystallinity. The crystallite size is small enough to attain considerable signal to noise ratio in high density recording media. The optimized magnetic parameters suggest that the material with composition Mg0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 may have potential applications in high density recording media.

Effect of multi-enzymes supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, ileal digestibility, digestive enzyme activity and caecal microbiota in broilers fed low-metabolizable energy diet

Yaqoob Muhammad Umar,Yousaf Muhammad,Iftikhar Mubashir,Hassan Safdar,Wang Geng,Imran Safdar,Zahid Muhammad Umer,Iqbal Waqar,Wang Minqi 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.7

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using low energy diet with multi-enzymes supplementation on different biological parameters in broilers. Methods: Three hundred Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly divided into three groups (Cont, standard metabolizable energy(ME); L-ME, ME reduced by 50 kcal/kg without enzyme; and L-ME-MES, L-ME diet was supplemented with multi-enzymes) with five replicates per group (20 chicks per replicate) at the start of second week. Grower and finisher diets were formulated according to breed specific guide and offered with free access in respective phase (two weeks for grower [8 to 21 d]; two weeks for finisher [22 to 35 d]). External marker method was used to measure the nutrient digestibility. After feeding trial, fifteen birds (one bird per replicate) were selected randomly and slaughtered for samples collection. Results: The results exhibited no effect (p>0.05) of dietary treatments on all parameters of growth performance, carcass traits, relative weight of internal organs except bursa and overall parameters of thigh meat quality. Relative weight of bursa was significantly (p<0.05) higher in L-ME than control. Multi-enzymes supplementation in low-ME diet significantly (p<0.05) improved the breast meat pH 24 h, digestibility of crude protein, duodenum weight and length, jejunal morphology, counts of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., lipase and protease activities than control. Jejunum length was increased in both L-ME and L-ME-MES treatments than that of the control (p<0.05). Breast meat cooking loss and color lightness was lower in L-ME (p<0.05) than control. Conclusion: It can therefore be concluded that broilers could be reared on low energy diet with supplementation of multi-enzymes without compromising the growth performance. In addition, it is beneficial for other biological parameters of broilers. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using low energy diet with multi-enzymes supplementation on different biological parameters in broilers.Methods: Three hundred Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly divided into three groups (Cont, standard metabolizable energy(ME); L-ME, ME reduced by 50 kcal/kg without enzyme; and L-ME-MES, L-ME diet was supplemented with multi-enzymes) with five replicates per group (20 chicks per replicate) at the start of second week. Grower and finisher diets were formulated according to breed specific guide and offered with free access in respective phase (two weeks for grower [8 to 21 d]; two weeks for finisher [22 to 35 d]). External marker method was used to measure the nutrient digestibility. After feeding trial, fifteen birds (one bird per replicate) were selected randomly and slaughtered for samples collection.Results: The results exhibited no effect (p>0.05) of dietary treatments on all parameters of growth performance, carcass traits, relative weight of internal organs except bursa and overall parameters of thigh meat quality. Relative weight of bursa was significantly (p<0.05) higher in L-ME than control. Multi-enzymes supplementation in low-ME diet significantly (p<0.05) improved the breast meat pH 24 h, digestibility of crude protein, duodenum weight and length, jejunal morphology, counts of <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp., lipase and protease activities than control. Jejunum length was increased in both L-ME and L-ME-MES treatments than that of the control (p<0.05). Breast meat cooking loss and color lightness was lower in L-ME (p<0.05) than control.Conclusion: It can therefore be concluded that broilers could be reared on low energy diet with supplementation of multi-enzymes without compromising the growth performance. In addition, it is beneficial for other biological parameters of broilers.

Perception Based Definition of Construction Quality in Pakistan

Awan, Muhammad Yousaf Sadiq,Awan, Dr Muhammad Maqbool Sadiq Korea Institute of Construction Engineering and Ma 2015 Journal of construction engineering and project ma Vol.5 No.2

The complexity arises in defining the construction quality due to its perception, based on inherent market conditions and their requirements, the diversified stakeholders itself and their desired output. A quantitative survey based approach was adopted in this constructive study. A questionnaire based survey was conducted, for the assessment of construction quality perception and expectations in the context of quality improvement technique. The survey feedback of professionals, from the leading construction organizations/companies of Pakistan were analyzed. The financial capacity, organizational structure, and construction experience of the construction firms formed basis for their selection. After statistical analysis of survey feedback it was found reliable and valid for the inferential purpose to the target population of construction professionals. The quality perception was found to be project scope oriented, considered as an excess cost for a construction project and keeping the rework minimum by qualifying the required quality tests, keeping the defects minimum by ensuring the specifications of supplied material. Any quality improvement technique was expected to address the financial aspects of the construction project for the employer and contractor, by increasing the profitability through reduction in overall cost, reduction in time, reduction in defects and improving the productivity in a construction project. The study is beneficial for the construction professionals to assess the prevailing construction quality perception and the expectations from implementation of any quality improvement technique in construction projects.

Bans on women's voting: An intersection of caste, gender, and class in Punjab, Pakistan

Safdar Muhammad Rizwan,Yousaf Farhan Navid,Ahmed Akhlaq,Akbar Muhammad Siddique,Asif Muhammad 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2023 International Area Studies Review Vol.26 No.3

Pakistan ranks lowest in women's vote-casting turnout on the global gender gap index in South Asia. Political participation of women is consistently low and there is a quite obvious gender gap in voting throughout Pakistan's constituencies. One of the most important reasons behind this gap in voter turnout is the informal bans on women to cast their votes. This qualitative study unpacks the interplay of caste, patriarchy, and normative stances of Pakistani society to understand bans on women's vote-casting rights. The researchers argue that caste pride intersects gender and class in a dominantly patriarchal socio-political environment and prevents women to cast their votes. In the light of findings, the study also suggests a few constructive measures for authorities to sort out this burning issue in Punjab.

INFLUENCE OF PARTICLE SIZE ON DENSITY, ULTRASONIC VELOCITY AND VISCOSITY OF MAGNETITE NANOFLUIDS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

AMMAR BIN YOUSAF,Muhammad Imran,MAJID KHAN,Muhammad Usman,MUHAMMAD ASGHAR JAMAL 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.8

The infuence of particle size on density, ultrasonic velocity and viscosity of magnetite nanofuids have been determined at (298.15 K, 303.15 K, 308.15 K and 313.15 K). Two diferent sized nanoparticles (commercially procured D=20–30 nm and synthesized D=9± 3 nm in the laboratory by co-precipitation method) were dispersed in a citric acid base fuid. The desired parameters have been experimentally determined by loading diferent concentrations of nanoparticles. It has been found that the infuence of particle size and temperature on measured physical parameters (density, ultrasonic velocity and viscosity) is not negligible and can also be taken into account in any practical application. The analyzed physical parameters can describe qualitatively and quantitatively the particle size distribution of nanofuids at a specifc temperature. Results are interpreted in terms of particle–particle and particle–fuid interactions.

겨울철은 가금사육자들의 관리능력을 시험하는 계절

뉴캐슬대학, 농업대 식품 농촌개발학과 Muhammad Yousaf & Abdul Shakoor Chaudhtry 한국오리협회 2009 오리마을 Vol.67 No.-

따뜻한 날씨에서 추운 날씨로, 혹은 추운 날씨에서 따뜻한 날씨로 변하는 환절기에는 사람과 동물 모두 계절적인 변화를 견딜 수 있도록 적절한 대책과 배려를 필요로 하기 때문에 가축의 효과적인 유지 관리를 위해서는 각 계절에 따라 생산성의 효율을 증진시킬 수 있는 환경을 제공해야 한다.