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Thermodynamics of colloidal suspensions
Yoshihiro Hirata,Yosuke Tanaka 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2008 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.9 No.4
This paper succeeds in the description of activity (a), chemical potential (μ), and their thermodynamic relations of dispersed and flocculated particles of a one-component colloidal system. The activity of dispersed particles (ad) is expressed by Henry’s law and equal to the product of the molar fraction (α) of dispersed particles in a suspension and the activity coefficient (γ0) expressed by Vi/Vmax (Vi : total volume fraction of dispersed and flocculated particles, Vmax : maximum packing density of particles). The activity of flocculated particles (ag) follows Raoult’s law and is expressed as (1 − α) using the Gibbs-Duhem equation. The μ value is represented by the defined activity. The difference of μ for the dispersed and flocculated particles (Δμ = μg− μd) was used to evaluate the stability of the colloidal state. The Δμ value was also coupled with the activation energy (ΔGm) for the formation of particle clusters from the dispersed state. The enthalpy term (ΔHm) in the activation energy is equivalent to the maximum value of the interaction energy (Ei(max)) as a function of distance between two particles in the DLVO theory. Based on the above analysis, a colloidal phase diagram for one-component systems of 10-1000 nm diameters was constructed. This phase diagram explains well the experimentally-determined packing density for dispersed and flocculated suspensions. This paper succeeds in the description of activity (a), chemical potential (μ), and their thermodynamic relations of dispersed and flocculated particles of a one-component colloidal system. The activity of dispersed particles (ad) is expressed by Henry’s law and equal to the product of the molar fraction (α) of dispersed particles in a suspension and the activity coefficient (γ0) expressed by Vi/Vmax (Vi : total volume fraction of dispersed and flocculated particles, Vmax : maximum packing density of particles). The activity of flocculated particles (ag) follows Raoult’s law and is expressed as (1 − α) using the Gibbs-Duhem equation. The μ value is represented by the defined activity. The difference of μ for the dispersed and flocculated particles (Δμ = μg− μd) was used to evaluate the stability of the colloidal state. The Δμ value was also coupled with the activation energy (ΔGm) for the formation of particle clusters from the dispersed state. The enthalpy term (ΔHm) in the activation energy is equivalent to the maximum value of the interaction energy (Ei(max)) as a function of distance between two particles in the DLVO theory. Based on the above analysis, a colloidal phase diagram for one-component systems of 10-1000 nm diameters was constructed. This phase diagram explains well the experimentally-determined packing density for dispersed and flocculated suspensions.
Pressure filtration of colloidal SiC particles
Yoshihiro Hirata,Yosuke Tanaka,Seiya Nakagawa,Naoki Matsunaga 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2009 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.10 No.3
The consolidation behavior of colloidal SiC particles (30 or 800 nm diameter) with and without polyacrylic ammonium (dispersant, PAA) at pH 7 was examined using a developed pressure filtration apparatus in the pressure range from 100 kPa to 19 MPa at a constant crosshead speed or at a constant compressive pressure of a piston. In the electrostatically-stabilized colloidal suspensions (5 vol%-30 nm SiC (powder A), 30 vol%-800 nm SiC (powder B)) without PAA, a phase transition from a well-dispersed suspension to a flocculated suspension occurred when the applied pressure exceeded a critical pressure (ΔPtc = 0.2−0.4MPa). The addition of PAA suppressed the phase transition. The height of the compressive piston as a function of filtration time at a constant applied pressure was simulated by an established filtration theory for a well-dispersed suspension and a newly-developed filtration theory for a flocculated suspension. The experimental results for both the suspensions of powders A and B with and without PAA were simulated well by the new model for flocculated suspension. The packing density of consolidated powders A and B in the filtration apparatus depended on the applied pressure, but the density after calcination was independent of the compressive pressure. The consolidation behavior of colloidal SiC particles (30 or 800 nm diameter) with and without polyacrylic ammonium (dispersant, PAA) at pH 7 was examined using a developed pressure filtration apparatus in the pressure range from 100 kPa to 19 MPa at a constant crosshead speed or at a constant compressive pressure of a piston. In the electrostatically-stabilized colloidal suspensions (5 vol%-30 nm SiC (powder A), 30 vol%-800 nm SiC (powder B)) without PAA, a phase transition from a well-dispersed suspension to a flocculated suspension occurred when the applied pressure exceeded a critical pressure (ΔPtc = 0.2−0.4MPa). The addition of PAA suppressed the phase transition. The height of the compressive piston as a function of filtration time at a constant applied pressure was simulated by an established filtration theory for a well-dispersed suspension and a newly-developed filtration theory for a flocculated suspension. The experimental results for both the suspensions of powders A and B with and without PAA were simulated well by the new model for flocculated suspension. The packing density of consolidated powders A and B in the filtration apparatus depended on the applied pressure, but the density after calcination was independent of the compressive pressure.
Yoshinori Sakurai,Hiroki Tanaka,Takushi Takata,Nozomi Fujimoto,Minoru Suzuki,Shinichiro Masunaga,Yuko Kinashi,Natsuko Kondo,Masaru Narabayashi,Yosuke Nakagawa,Tsubasa Watanabe,Koji Ono,Akira Maruhashi 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.67 No.1
At the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI), a clinical study of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) using a neutron irradiation facility installed at the research nuclear reactor has been regularly performed since February 1990. As of November 2014, 510 clinical irradiations were carried out using the reactor-based system. The world’s first accelerator-based neutron irradiation system for BNCT clinical irradiation was completed at this institute in early 2009, and the clinical trial using this system was started in 2012. A shift of BCNT from special particle therapy to a general one is now in progress. To promote and support this shift, improvements to the irradiation system, as well as its preparation, and improvements in the physical engineering and the medical physics processes, such as dosimetry systems and quality assurance programs, must be considered. The recent advances in BNCT at KURRI are reported here with a focus on physical engineering and medical physics topics.
Yuki Fujii,Kazuyuki Matsumoto,Hironari Kato,Yosuke Saragai,Saimon Takada,Sho Mizukawa,Shinichiro Muro,Daisuke Uchida,Takeshi Tomoda,Shigeru Horiguchi,Noriyuki Tanaka,Hiroyuki Okada 대한소화기내시경학회 2019 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.52 No.5
Background/Aims: This study aimed to examine the diagnostic ability of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for major vascularinvasion in pancreatic cancer and to evaluate the relationship between EUS findings and pathological distance. Methods: In total, 57 consecutive patients who underwent EUS for pancreatic cancer before surgery were retrospectively reviewed. EUSimage findings were divided into four types according to the relationship between the tumor and major vessel (types 1 and 2: invasion,types 3 and 4: non-invasion). We also compared the EUS findings and pathologically measured distances between the tumors andevaluated vessels. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of EUS diagnosis for vascular invasion were 89%, 92%, and 91%, respectively, in theveins and 83%, 94%, and 93%, respectively, in the arteries. The pathologically evaluated distances of cases with type 2 EUS findings weresignificantly shorter than those of cases with type 3 EUS findings in both the major veins (median [interquartile range], 96 [0–742] µmvs. 2,833 [1,076–5,694] µm, p=0.012) and arteries (623 [0–854] µm vs. 3,097 [1,396–6,000] µm, p=0.0061). All cases with a distance of≥1,000 µm between the tumors and main vessels were correctly diagnosed. Conclusions: Tumors at a distance ≥1,000 µm from the main vessels were correctly diagnosed by EUS.
Malignant Melanoma of the Nipple: A Case Report
Yoshika Nagata,Manabu Yoshioka,Hidetaka Uramoto,Yosuke Tsurudome,Sohsuke Yamada,Takeshi Hanagiri,Fumihiro Tanaka 한국유방암학회 2018 Journal of breast cancer Vol.21 No.1
Malignant melanoma rarely originates from the female nipple. Tumors that develop on the skin of the breast are often subject to a delayed diagnosis. Cytologic examination provides excellent diagnostic capabilities and is a safe procedure with a lower risk of local implantation, compared to needle or incisional biopsy. We herein report a patient who underwent surgical resection of a primary malignant melanoma of the nipple. An elastic soft nodule was observed on the left nipple, and no abnormal lesions were identified in the breast. Eventually, a malignant melanoma was diagnosed from the clinical and cytological evaluation findings. This bulky tumor was classified as a stage IIIC nodular melanoma, with a thickness of 12 mm. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and exhibits no evidence of recurrence 7 years after surgery.
Matsuo, Kiyomi,Murata, Tomoyuki,Koga, Takanori,Kubo, Atsuko,Yoshida, Yuichi,Karakawa, Yosuke,Kawaguchi, Hiroshi,Tanaka, Toru,Masaki, Jun,Taketomi, Toshikatsu,Kitajima, Takeo Rehabilitation Engineering And Assistive Technolog 2008 재활복지공학회논문지 Vol.2 No.1
In this paper, I will report the cases of children who are able to study at kindergarten or elementary school because they learned how to move by themselves using a moving aid before school age, and I will also discuss the development of a mobility device which allows severely disabled preschoolers to practice moving around by themselves safely and easily at home and institutions.