Effects of Rootstock and Night Temperature on the Growth and Yield of Grafted Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Yoonah Jang,Youngyeol Cho,Hancheol Rhee,Yeongcheol Um 한국원예학회 2008 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.49 No.2

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rootstock and night temperature on the growth and yield of grafted pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in greenhouse. Four commercial pepper varieties, six commercial rootstocks, four breeding lines, and one eggplant rootstock were grown at three levels of night temperature (NT) (10, 15, and 20℃). At 10℃NT, the total dry weight was the greatest in 'Kataguruma' followed by 'Koregon PR-380' and 'PR-Power'. The dry weight of root at 10℃ NT was also the greatest in 'Kataguruma' followed by 'PR-Power'. RGRs of genotypes varied among the10, 15, and 20℃ NTs. They could be categorized into three types according to the response to NT. The RGRs of genotypes that belonged to type Ⅰ were reduced approximately 0.01 to 0.03 g·g<SUP>-1</SUP>·day<SUP>-1</SUP> as NT decreased. In type Ⅱ, they were similar between 15 and 20℃NT but rapidly decreased under 10℃NT, whereas they were stable irrespective of NT in type Ⅲ. 'Kataguruma' and 'Koregon PR-380' in type Ⅲ showed higher RGRs than other genotypes except 'Taibyo VF'. Cultivar 'Nokkwang' as scions was grafted onto rootstocks 'Kataguruma', 'Koregon PR-380', 'PR-power', and 'Tantan' selected from 14 genotypes. All growth parameters were greater in non-grafted seedlings. Among the grafted seedlings, the growth of peppers grafted onto 'Kataguruma' was better. The leaf area and dry weight of leaves were the smallest in the pepper seedlings grafted onto 'Koregon PR-380'. When these grafted peppers were cultivated at different NT conditions (8, 13, and 20℃) in greenhouse, low NT decreased the growth and yield of peppers. The growth and yield of grafted peppers were greater than those of non-grafted peppers irrespective of temperature. However, rootstocks with tolerance to low temperature didn't significantly improve the growth and productivity under low temperature condition, though the grafting did. Finally, we couldn't screen out any strong rootstock at low temperature condition for the better growth and productivity of pepper.

The Growth of Grafted Tomato Seedlings Grown in Biodegradable Paper Pot Trays Affected by Light Intensity, Night Temperature, and Irrigation Frequency

Yoonah Jang,Sewoong An,Hee Ju Lee,Seung Hwan Wi,Tea Cheol Seo,Tae Kyung Kang,Sang Hee Lee,Eun Young Yang 한국원예학회 2020 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2020 No.11

Effects of Different Rootstocks on Fruit Quality of Grafted Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Jang, Yoonah,Moon, Ji-Hye,Lee, Ji-Weon,Lee, Sang Gyu,Kim, Seung Yu,Chun, Changhoo Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2013 원예과학기술지 Vol.31 No.6

This study was conducted to examine the effect of grafted peppers (Capsicum annuum) on different rootstocks on fruit quality. Three pepper cultivars, 'Nokkwang', 'Saengsaeng Matkkwari', and 'Shinhong' were grafted onto five commercial rootstocks that are known to be resistant to Phytophtora blight. Non-grafted or auto-grafted peppers were used as controls. Grafted plants were grown during two consecutive harvest periods by semi-forcing culture (April to August) and retarding culture (September to March the subsequent year). Full size green fruits were harvested and weighed weekly from June to August (Semi-forcing culture) and from December to March of the subsequent year (Retarding culture). The fruit size, weight, flesh thickness, and firmness were measured every month. Total marketable yield was not significantly influenced by either auto-graft of 'Nokkwang', 'Saengsaeng Matkkwari', and 'Shinhong' of pepper or grafted with the five commercial rootsctocks. By contrast, grafting influenced the apparent fruit quality of peppers. Fruit characteristics differed depending on the rootstock cultivars. However, the fruit characteristics of rootstock did not affect the fruit characteristics of scion grafted onto that rootstock. Fruit characteristics in each treatment differed among harvest time (first, second, and third harvest). Fruit quality parameters were also different as affected by the harvest period. In conclusion, apparent quality and textural property of pepper fruits were influenced by not only grafting with different rootstocks but also by the harvest period and harvest time. Accordingly, rootstock/scion combination, the scion variety and the harvest period must be carefully chosen to get the desired optimal fruit quality.

Greenhouse Evaluation of Melon Rootstock Resistance to Monosporascus Root Rot and Vine Decline as Well as of Yield and Fruit Quality in Grafted 'Inodorus' Melons

Jang, Yoonah,Huh, Yun-Chan,Park, Dong-Kum,Mun, Boheum,Lee, Sanggyu,Um, Yeongcheol Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2014 원예과학기술지 Vol.32 No.5

Melons (Cucumis melo L.) are generally grafted onto Cucurbita rootstocks to manage soilborne pathogens such as Monosporascus root rot and v ine decline (MRR/VD) and Fusarium wilt. However, g rafting onto Cucurbita rootstocks reportedly results in the reduction of fruit quality. In this study, the resistance to MRR/VD, yield, and fruit quality of melons grafted onto melon rootstocks were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Eight melon rootstocks (R1 to R8) were used and the inodorus melon 'Homerunstar' was used as scion. Melon rootstocks R1 to R6 were selected based on resistance to MRR/VD under greenhouse conditions. Non-grafted 'Homerunstar' and plants grafted onto squash interspecific hybrid 'Shintozwa' rootstock (Cucurbita maxima D. ${\times}$ C. moschata D.) served as controls. Grafted melons were cultivated in the greenhouse infested with Monosporascus cannonballus during two growing seasons (summer and autumn). The responses to MRR/VD, yield, and fruit quality differed depending on the rootstocks and growing season. The melons grafted onto 'Shintozwa' exhibited less severe disease symptoms and higher survival rates than non-grafted melons in both seasons. While the melon rootstocks in the summer cultivation did not increase the survival rate compared to non-grafted melons, the melon rootstocks R1 and R2 in the autumn cultivation led to higher survival rates. The melon rootstocks resistant to MRR/VD increased the percentage of marketable fruits and marketable yields. Grafting onto the melon rootstocks caused little or no reduction of fruit quality such as low calcium content, fruit softening, and vitrescence, especially in lower-temperature autumn season. Accordingly, these results suggest that grafting onto the melon rootstocks may increase the tolerance to MRR/VD and the marketable yield without a reduction of fruit quality.

Effects of Light Quality and Intensity on the Carbon Dioxide Exchange Rate, Growth, and Morphogenesis of Grafted Pepper Transplants during Healing and Acclimatization

Jang, Yoonah,Mun, Boheum,Seo, Taecheol,Lee, Jungu,Oh, Sangseok,Chun, Changhoo Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2013 원예과학기술지 Vol.31 No.1

This study evaluated the influence of light quality and intensity during healing and acclimatization on the $CO_2$ exchange rate, growth, and morphogenesis of grafted pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) transplants, using a system for the continuous measurement of the $CO_2$ exchange rate. C. annuum L. 'Nokkwang' and 'Tantan' were used as scions and rootstocks, respectively. Before grafting, the transplants were grown for four weeks in a growth chamber with artificial light, where the temperature was set at $25/18^{\circ}C$ (light/dark period) and the light period was 14 hours $d^{-1}$. The grafted pepper transplants were then healed and acclimatized under different light quality conditions using fluorescent lamps (control) and red, blue, and red + blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). All the transplants were irradiated for 12 hours per day, for six days, at a photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 50, 100, or 180 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. The higher PPF levels increased the $CO_2$ exchange rate during the healing and acclimatization. A smaller increase in the $CO_2$ exchange rates was observed in the transplants under red LEDs. At a PPF of 180 ${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, the $CO_2$ exchange rate of the transplants irradiated with red LEDs was lowest and it was 37% lower than those irradiated with fluorescent lamps. The $CO_2$ exchange rates of transplants irradiated with blue LEDs was the highest and 20% higher than those irradiated under fluorescent lamps. The graft take was not affected by the light quality. The grafted pepper transplants irradiated with red LEDs had a lower SPAD value, leaf dry weight, and dry matter content. The transplants irradiated with blue LEDs had longer shoot length and heavier stem fresh weight than those irradiated with the other treatments. Leaves irradiated with the red LED had the smallest leaf area and showed leaf epinasty. In addition, the palisade and spongy cells of the pepper leaves were dysplastic and exhibited hyperplasia. Grafted pepper transplants treated with red + blue LEDs showed similar growth and morphology to those transplants irradiated with fluorescent lamps. These results suggest that high-quality grafted pepper transplants can be obtained by healing and acclimatization under a combination of blue and red lights at a high PPF level.

Greenhouse Evaluation of Melon Rootstock Resistance to Monosporascus Root Rot and Vine Decline as Well as of Yield and Fruit Quality in Grafted ‘Inodorus’ Melons

Yoonah Jang,Yun-Chan Huh,Dong-Kum Park,Boheum Mun,Sanggyu Lee,Yeongcheol Um 한국원예학회 2014 원예과학기술지 Vol.32 No.5

Melons (Cucumis melo L.) are generally grafted onto Cucurbita rootstocks to manage soilborne pathogens such as Monosporascus root rot and v ine decline (MRR/VD ) and Fusarium wilt. However, g rafting onto Cucurbita rootstocks reportedly results in the reduction of fruit quality. In this study, the resistance to MRR/VD, yield, and fruit quality of melons grafted onto melon rootstocks were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Eight melon rootstocks (R1 to R8) were used and the inodorus melon ‘Homerunstar’ was used as scion. Melon rootstocks R1 to R6 were selected based on resistance to MRR/VD under greenhouse conditions. Non-grafted ‘Homerunstar’ and plants grafted onto squash interspecific hybrid ‘Shintozwa’ rootstock (Cucurbita maxima D. × C. moschata D.) served as controls. Grafted melons were cultivated in the greenhouse infested with Monosporascus cannonballus during two growing seasons (summer and autumn). The responses to MRR/VD, yield, and fruit quality differed depending on the rootstocks and growing season. The melons grafted onto ‘Shintozwa’ exhibited less severe disease symptoms and higher survival rates than non-grafted melons in both seasons. While the melon rootstocks in the summer cultivation did not increase the survival rate compared to non-grafted melons, the melon rootstocks R1 and R2 in the autumn cultivation led to higher survival rates. The melon rootstocks resistant to MRR/VD increased the percentage of marketable fruits and marketable yields. Grafting onto the melon rootstocks caused little or no reduction of fruit quality such as low calcium content, fruit softening, and vitrescence, especially in lower-temperature autumn season. Accordingly, these results suggest that grafting onto the melon rootstocks may increase the tolerance to MRR/VD and the marketable yield without a reduction of fruit quality.

Photosynthesis, Graft-take, and Growth of Grafted Cucumber Transplants Affected by Leaf Water Status of Scions Before Grafting

Yoonah Jang(장윤아),Boheum Mun(문보흠),Eiji Goto(後藤 英司),Yasuhiro Ishigami(石神 靖弘) 한국원예학회 2007 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2007 No.6

Effects of Light Quality and Intensity on the Carbon Dioxide Exchange Rate, Growth, and Morphogenesis of Grafted Pepper Seedlings during Healing and Acclimatization

Yoonah Jang(장윤아),Boheum Mun,Taecheol Seo,Jungu Lee,Sangseok Oh,Changhoo Chun 한국원예학회 2014 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2014 No.5

Effects of Light Quality and Intensity on the Carbon Dioxide Exchange Rate, Growth, and Morphogenesis of Grafted Pepper Transplants during Healing and Acclimatization

Yoonah Jang,Boheum Mun,Taecheol Seo,Jungu Lee,Sangseok Oh,Changhoo Chun 한국원예학회 2013 원예과학기술지 Vol.31 No.1

This study evaluated the influence of light quality and intensity during healing and acclimatization on the CO₂ exchange rate, growth, and morphogenesis of grafted pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) transplants, using a system for the continuous measurement of the CO₂ exchange rate. C. annuum L. ‘Nokkwang’ and ‘Tantan’ were used as scions and rootstocks, respectively. Before grafting, the transplants were grown for four weeks in a growth chamber with artificial light, where the temperature was set at 25/18℃ (light/dark period) and the light period was 14 hours·d<SUP>-1</SUP>. The grafted pepper transplants were then healed and acclimatized under different light quality conditions using fluorescent lamps (control) and red, blue, and red + blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). All the transplants were irradiated for 12 hours per day, for six days, at a photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 50, 100, or 180 μmol·m<SUP>-2</SUP>·s<SUP>-1</SUP>. The higher PPF levels increased the CO₂ exchange rate during the healing and acclimatization. A smaller increase in the CO₂ exchange rates was observed in the transplants under red LEDs. At a PPF of 180 μmol·m<SUP>-2</SUP>·s<SUP>-1</SUP>, the CO₂ exchange rate of the transplants irradiated with red LEDs was lowest and it was 37% lower than those irradiated with fluorescent lamps. The CO₂ exchange rates of transplants irradiated with blue LEDs was the highest and 20% higher than those irradiated under fluorescent lamps. The graft take was not affected by the light quality. The grafted pepper transplants irradiated with red LEDs had a lower SPAD value, leaf dry weight, and dry matter content. The transplants irradiated with blue LEDs had longer shoot length and heavier stem fresh weight than those irradiated with the other treatments. Leaves irradiated with the red LED had the smallest leaf area and showed leaf epinasty. In addition, the palisade and spongy cells of the pepper leaves were dysplastic and exhibited hyperplasia. Grafted pepper transplants treated with red + blue LEDs showed similar growth and morphology to those transplants irradiated with fluorescent lamps. These results suggest that high-quality grafted pepper transplants can be obtained by healing and acclimatization under a combination of blue and red lights at a high PPF level.

Effects of Different Rootstocks on Fruit Quality of Grafted Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Yoonah Jang,Ji-Hye Moon,Ji-Weon Lee,Sang Gyu Lee,Seung Yu Kim,Changhoo Chun 한국원예학회 2013 원예과학기술지 Vol.31 No.6

This study was conducted to examine the effect of grafted peppers (Capsicum annuum) on different rootstocks on fruit quality. Three pepper cultivars, ‘Nokkwang’, ‘Saengsaeng Matkkwari’, and ‘Shinhong’ were grafted onto five commercial rootstocks that are known to be resistant to Phytophtora blight. Non-grafted or auto-grafted peppers were used as controls. Grafted plants were grown during two consecutive harvest periods by semi-forcing culture (April to August) and retarding culture (September to March the subsequent year). Full size green fruits were harvested and weighed weekly from June to August (Semi-forcing culture) and from December to March of the subsequent year (Retarding culture). The fruit size, weight, flesh thickness, and firmness were measured every month. Total marketable yield was not significantly influenced by either auto-graft of ‘Nokkwang’, ‘Saengsaeng Matkkwari’, and ‘Shinhong’ of pepper or grafted with the five commercial rootsctocks. By contrast, grafting influenced the apparent fruit quality of peppers. Fruit characteristics differed depending on the rootstock cultivars. However, the fruit characteristics of rootstock did not affect the fruit characteristics of scion grafted onto that rootstock. Fruit characteristics in each treatment differed among harvest time (first, second, and third harvest). Fruit quality parameters were also different as affected by the harvest period. In conclusion, apparent quality and textural property of pepper fruits were influenced by not only grafting with different rootstocksbut also by the harvest period and harvest time. Accordingly, rootstock/scion combination, the scion variety and the harvest period must be carefully chosen to get the desired optimal fruit quality.