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Song, Young-Ran,Sung, Su-Kyung,Shin, Eun-Ju,Cho, Chang-Won,Han, Chun-Ji,Hong, Hee-Do MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.9
<P>The edible and medicinal perennial herb <I>Aster scaber</I> is known to have anticancer, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. However, the biological effects of its polysaccharides are not well understood. Here, we aimed to extract novel polysaccharides with enhanced biological properties from <I>Aster scaber</I> using enzyme-assisted methods. Amylase, cellulase, and pectinase were used to extract enzyme-assisted polysaccharide (ASEP)-A, ASEP-C, and ASEP-P, respectively. The yields, physicochemical properties, and immunostimulatory activities of the polysaccharides were investigated and compared with those of hot water extracted polysaccharide (ASWP). The highest yield (3.8%) was achieved for ASEP-P extracted using pectinase digestion. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and chemical composition analysis revealed that ASWP and three ASEPs were typical acidic heteropolysaccharides, mainly comprising rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and galacturonic acid. Immunostimulatory activity assays on RAW264.7 macrophages showed ASEP-P to have the greatest immunostimulatory potential in terms of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine productions and phagocytic activity. ASEP-P administration improved immune-enhancing effects in normal mice by improving the spleen index and splenic lymphocyte proliferation, and in immunosuppressed mice by modulating lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and leukocyte counts. The ASEP-P derived from pectinase hydrolysate of <I>Aster scaber</I> demonstrated efficacious immunostimulatory properties and has potential applications as an immune stimulator.</P>
Song, Hyeyoung,Song, Kyung-Won,Hong, Seon-Pyo The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.4
Background: White ginseng consists of the roots and rhizomes of the Panax species, and red ginseng is made by steaming and drying white ginseng. While red ginseng has both polar and nonpolar ginsenosides, previous studies showed white ginseng to have only polar ginsenosides. Because nonpolar ginsenosides are formed through the manufacture of red ginseng from white ginseng, researchers have generally thought that nonpolar ginsenosides do not exist in white ginseng. Methods: We developed a simultaneous quantitative method for six nonpolar ginsenosides in white ginseng using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with integrated pulsed amperometric detection. The nonpolar ginsenosides of white ginseng were extracted for 4 h under reflux with 50% methanol. Results: Using the gradient elution system, all target components were completely separated within 50 min. Nonpolar ginsenosides were determined in the rhizome head (RH), main root (MR), lateral root, and hairy root (HR) of 6-year-old white ginseng samples obtained from several regions (Geumsan, Punggi, and Kanghwa). The total content in the HR of white ginseng was 37.8-56.8% of that in the HR of red ginseng. The total content in the MR of white ginseng was 5.9-24.3% of that in the MR of red ginseng. In addition, the total content in the RH of white ginseng was 28.5-35.8% of that in the HR of red ginseng Conclusion: It was confirmed that nonpolar ginsenosides known to be specific components of red ginseng were present at substantial concentrations in the HR or RH of white ginseng.
DJ-1 deficiency impairs synaptic vesicle endocytosis and reavailability at nerve terminals
Kyung, Jae Won,Kim, Jin-Mo,Lee, Wongyoung,Ha, Tae-Young,Cha, Seon-Heui,Chung, Kyung-Hwun,Choi, Dong-Joo,Jou, Ilo,Song, Woo Keun,Joe, Eun-Hye,Kim, Sung Hyun,Park, Sang Myun National Academy of Sciences 2018 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol.115 No.7
<P>Mutations in DJ-1 (PARK7) are a known cause of early-onset autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). Accumulating evidence indicates that abnormalities of synaptic vesicle trafficking underlie the pathophysiological mechanism of PD. In the present study, we explored whether DJ-1 is involved in CNS synaptic function. DJ-1 deficiency impaired synaptic vesicle endocytosis and reavailability without inducing structural alterations in synapses. Familial mutants of DJ-1 (M26I, E64D, and L166P) were unable to rescue defective endocytosis of synaptic vesicles, whereas WT DJ-1 expression completely restored endocytic function in DJ-1 KO neurons. The defective synaptic endocytosis shown in DJ-1 KO neurons may be attributable to alterations in membrane cholesterol level. Thus, DJ-1 appears essential for synaptic vesicle endocytosis and reavailability, and impairment of this function by familial mutants of DJ-1 may be related to the pathogenesis of PD.</P>
Trabecular Bone Ratio of Mandible Using Micro-Computed Tomography in Korean
Won, Sung-Yoon,Kim, Sung-Hyun,Kim, Sung-Tae,Paik, Doo-Jin,Song, Wu-Chul,Koh, Ki-Seok,Chung, Moon-Kyu,Kim, Hee-Jin,Hu, Kyung-Seok Mutaz B. Habal, MD 2010 JOURNAL OF CRANIOFACIAL SURGERY - Vol.21 No.3
Cortical bone and trabecular portion play important roles in maintaining the general structure of bone. It has been reported that a decrease in bone mineral density is related with increasing age, sex, and teeth loss. However, most of the studies were done with conventional radiographic analysis. In addition, data from Korean population are rare. The aim of this study was to analyze trabecular pattern of the mandible using micro-computed tomography. Thirty-nine specimens of the mandible were prepared. Specimens were scanned with micro-computed tomography and reconstructed three-dimensionally. Sections were made parallel to the axis of each tooth. Trabecular bone ratio (TBR) was measured. Data were statistically analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance (α = 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference of TBR between dentate and edentulous mandibles in the molar region. Trabecular bone ratio of edentulous mandible in males was greater than that in females. Trabecular bone ratio of dentate mandibles reduced regularly with increasing age, whereas that of edentulous mandibles did not. It could be concluded that there were statistically significant differences in TBR according to presence of tooth, sex, and increasing age on specific areas.
Won, Jong-Ryul,Song, Kyung-Bin The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2013 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.8 No.6
This study performed an analysis on power demand reduction effects exhibited by demand response programs, which are advanced from traditional demand-side management programs, in the smart grid environment. The target demand response systems for the analysis included incentive-based load control systems (2 month-ahead demand control system, 1~5 days ahead demand control system, and demand bidding system), which are currently implemented in Korea, and price-based demand response systems (mainly critical peak pricing system or real-time pricing system, currently not implemented, but representative demand response systems). Firstly, the status of the above systems at home and abroad was briefly examined. Next, energy saving effects and peak demand reduction effects of implementing the critical peak or real-time pricing systems, which are price-based demand response systems, and the existing incentive-based load control systems were estimated.
A New Angle-Based Location Method Using a Forward-Link Signal
Song, Seung-Hun,Im, Hyun-Ja,Park, Ji-Won,Sung, Tae-Kyung Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2009 EURASIP journal on advances in signal processing Vol.2009 No.1
<P>With conventional AOA positioning using a reverse-link signal, each sensor is equipped with an array antenna to measure the incident angle of the signal emitting by a mobile source. In order to perform the complicated array processing for angle measurements, both the sensor size and the power consumed by the sensor can increase in RLAOA (reverse-link AOA) positioning. In some applications such as mobile vehicle localization, the vehicle has fewer limitations in terms of size or power consumption. Rather, it is desirable to make the sensor as light as possible. This paper presents a new angle-based positioning scheme using a forward-link signal. Under the assumption that a ground vehicle moves on a horizontal surface, a measurement equation for the FLAOA (forward-link AOA) is initially derived. Using the measurement equation, a closed-form solution for FLAOA positioning is proposed. With the proposed method, it is also possible to estimate the azimuth of the vehicle as well as its position. The performance of the proposed method is compared to that of RLAOA positioning in a computer simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed method is potentially suitable for applications involving the localization and guidance of mobile vehicles.</P>