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Cilostazol ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting highglucose-induced apoptosis
Chien-Wen Chian,Yung-Shu Lee,Yi-Ju Lee,Ya-Hui Chen,Chi-Ping Wang,Wen-Chin Lee,Huei-Jane Lee 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.24 No.5
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a hyperglycemia-induced progressive development of renal insufficiency. Excessive glucose can increase mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce cell damage, causing mitochondrial dysfunction. Our previous study indicated that cilostazol (CTZ) can reduce ROS levels and decelerate DN progression in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes. This study investigated the potential mechanisms of CTZ in rats with DN and in high glucose-treated mesangial cells. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 5 mg/kg/day of CTZ after developing STZ-induced diabetes mellitus. Electron microscopy revealed that CTZ reduced the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane and improved mitochondrial morphology in mesangial cells of diabetic kidney. CTZ treatment reduced excessive kidney mitochondrial DNA copy numbers induced by hyperglycemia and interacted with the intrinsic pathway for regulating cell apoptosis as an antiapoptotic mechanism. In high-glucose-treated mesangial cells, CTZ reduced ROS production, altered the apoptotic status, and down-regulated transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Base on the results of our previous and current studies, CTZ deceleration of hyperglycemia-induced DN is attributable to ROS reduction and thereby maintenance of the mitochondrial function and reduction in TGF-β and NF-κB levels.
Shear-Enhanced Stretchable Polymer Semiconducting Blends for Polymer-based Field-Effect Transistors
Qian-Yu Yan,Yu-Wei Shia,Dong-Yue Guo,Wen-Ya Lee 한국고분자학회 2020 Macromolecular Research Vol.28 No.7
Solution-sheared field-effect transistors based on the blend of the highmobility donor–acceptor conjugated copolymer poly(diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrroleco- thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PDBT-co-TT) and the elastic polymer poly(styrene-butadienestyrene) (SBS) are demonstrated for stretchable electronics. In this study, PDBT-co- TT serves as a charge transport layer, and the insulating polymer SBS with double bonds is used for improving elasticity. Through combination with solution shearing, the phase separation and charge transport properties of the PDBT-co-TT/SBS blends can be manipulated. Compared with the spin-coated PDBT-co-TT/SBS blends showing lower charge mobilities (~10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1), the solution-sheared polymer-blend films with the PDBT-co-TT content of 20% maintain high mobility (>0.1cm2 V-1 s-1). The films with 60% PDBT-co-TT can even achieve mobility as high as 2 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is higher than the pristine conjugated polymer. Furthermore, as the SBS content increases, the dichroic ratios of the solution-sheared blends increase, indicating improved alignment of the conjugated polymer chains. The PDBT-co- TT/SBS blends exhibit great stretchability and high charge mobilities even under 100% strain due to their mesh-like morphology. Moreover, solution shearing not only improves polymer alignment but also controls surface morphology to enhance stretchability. This work reveals the importance of solution shearing in high-mobility stretchable polymer semiconductor blends.