기능성 위장관장애 환자의 자율신경계기능과 음-양(陰陽)체질 특성에 관한 연구

이정호,송지영,황의완,정두훈,김영미 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

연구목적 : 기질적 원인이 없이 장기간 소화장애 및 복통이 지속되는 기능성 위장관 장애 환자를 대상으로 하여, 음양체질의 특성이 위장관을 조절하는 자율신경계 기능 이상과 관련되는지를 알아보기 위하여, 사상체질 특성에 따른 자율신경계 기능의 차이유무를 측정해 보고자 하였다. 이로써 이들 환자에서 보이는 자율신경계 기능의 불균형 상태가 한의학에서 말하는 음양(陰陽)이론으로 설명할 수 있을지 알아 보고자 하였다. 그리고 만일 이러한 설명이 가능하게 되면 향후 기능성 위장관 장애 환자에 대한 음양이론에 입각한 치료의 이론적 배경이 될 것으로 기대하였다. 방 법 : 기능성 위장관 장애 환자 27명과 대조군으로서 위장관 증상 이외의 증상을 가진 신체형 장애 환자(이하 기타 신체형 장애) 28명과 건강 대조군 26명을 조사 대상으로 하였다. 이들에게 사상체질(四象體質)분류검사를 이용하여 소음 체질과 기타 체질군으로 나누고, 자율신경 기능검사를 실시하여 체질에 따른 자율신경계 기능을 비교해 보았다. 결 과 : 기능성 위장관 환자군에서 소음체질이 의미있게 많은 빈도를 차지하지는 않았으며, 기능성 위장관 장애군과 기타 신체형 장애군과의 비교에서 자율신경 기능의 차이는 없었다. 이로서 비기질성 기능 장애의 하나인 기능성 위장 장애에서 체질 특성과 부교감신경계 기능 저하와는 관련성은 거의 없다고 추정된다. 단지 기능성 위장 장애군과 기타 신체형 장애군을 합한 신체형 장애 환자군에서는 건강 대조군에 비하여 소음체질의 빈도가 높았으며 부교감신경 기능이 의미있게 낮은 소견을 보였다. 결 론 : 비기질성 기능 장애인 기능성 위장관 장애에서는 한의학에서의 음양가설이라는 일원론에 입각한 이분법적인 개념이 자율신경계의 교감, 부교감 신경계 기능과 일치하는 부분은 적은 것으로 추정된다. 기능성 위장관 장애를 대상으로 해서 앞으로는 음양의 체질이라는 포괄적인 개념보다는 확실한 증상 몇 개 중심으로 하는 좀 더 세분화된 부분으로부터 접근해 볼 필요가 있으리라 사료된다. Objectives : It was revealed that autonomic dysfunction especially decreased parasympathetic functions, seems to be one of the major etiological factors in functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGID). The physiological characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic functions are externally similar to the features of Yin and Yang based on oriental medicine theory. And it was also revealed that gastrointestinal symptoms are prevalent in Lesser Yin con-stitutional type(少陰) originated from four types of constitution shown in Sasang constitutional theory(四象醫學). If we obtain the findings on the similarities or compatibilities between autonomic nervous functions and physical constitutional features in functional gastrointestinal disorders, we could apply various oriental treatment modalities to the patients with functional disorders, especially according to Yin-Yang constitutional concept. Methods : We investigated the correlations between characteristics of physical constitution (Yin and Yang) and imbalance of the autonomic functions in patients with FGID. Subjects consisted with three groups : 27 patients with FGID (including irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, functional abdominal pain syndrome according to the Rome criteria), 28 patients with somatoform disorders who had symptoms other than abdominal symptoms(other somatoform disorders), and 26 normal healthy controls. Characteristics of constitutions were evaluated and divided into two major groups, i.e., Lesser Yin constitution and other constitutions(Greater Yin & Yang and Lesser Yang included) according to the Je-Ma Lee's Classification Questionnaire for Four Constitutional Types(Song et al. 1993). For evaluating the autonomic functions, three parasympathetic functions and two sympathetic functions were measured. Levels of anxiety and depression were also evaluated to be used as a covariant controlling the autonomic functions. Results : 1) FGID group showed significantly lower parasympathetic functions compared to healthy controls, however, there was no differences between FGID and other somatoform disorder groups. 2) Lesser Yin constitutional type was not so prevalent in FGID group. 3) When FGID and other somatoform disorder groups were combined and compared with normal healthy controls, the former group showed significantly lower parasympathetic functions than the latter group. Conclusions : According to these results, Lesser Yin constitutional type do not seem to be closely related with FGID. However, it was suggested that decreased parasympathetic functions were partly associated with this group. We could not find any correlations or compatibilities between two constitutional characteristics and autonomic dysfunction in FGID. This means that functional symptoms of FGID when those were deducted as Yin and Yang characteristics based on oriental medicine could not be understood as two oppositional and co-operative functions such as autonomic functions. Further research with more restricted symptoms selected in the functional disorders and with other physiological cues applied would be needed.

MiR-21 Upregulation Induced by Promoter Zone Histone Acetylation is Associated with Chemoresistance to Gemcitabine and Enhanced Malignancy of Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Song, Wei-Feng,Wang, Lei,Huang, Wei-Yi,Cai, Xun,Cui, Jiu-Jie,Wang, Li-Wei Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12

Background and Aims: MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is reported to be overexpressed and to contribute to proliferation, apoptosis and gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). The aims of this study were to explore regulation of miR-21 expression by epigenetic change and its impact on chemoresistance and malignant properties of of pancreatic cancer. Materials and methods: We retrospectively collected 41 cases of advanced pancreatic cancer patients who were sensitive or resistant to gemcitabine and assessed levels of serum circulating miR-21 for correlation with cytotoxic activity. Histone acetylation in the miR-21 promoter was also studied in gemcitabine-sensitive and gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cells. Gemcitabine-resistant HPAC and PANC-1 cells were transfected with pre-miR-21 precursors (pre-miR-21) and antisense oligonucleotides (anti-miR-21), and were treated with TSA. Finally, invasion and metastasis assays were performed and alteration in mir-21, PTEN, AKT and pAKT level was evaluated in these cells. Results: Serum miR-21 levels were increased in gemcitabine-resistant PDAC patients compared with gemcitabine-sensitive subjects. The miR-21 levels were increased in 6 PDAC cells treated with gemcitabine significantly, associated with 50% inhibitory concentrations ($IC_{50}s$). Histone acetylation levels at miR-21 promoter were increased in PDAC cells after treatment with gemcitabine. Enhanced invasion and metastasis, increased miR-21 expression, decreased PTEN, elevated pAKT level were demonstrated in gemcitabine-resistant HPAC and PANC-1 cells. Pre-miR-21 transfection or TSA treatment further increased invasion and metastasis ability, decreased PTEN, and elevated pAKT levels in these two lines. In contrast, anti-miR-21 transfection could reverse invasion and metastasis, and PTEN and pAKT expressions induced by gemcitabine. Conclusions: MiR-21 upregulation induced by histone acetylation in the promoter zone is associated with chemoresistance to gemcitabine and enhanced malignant potential in pancreatic cancer cells.

Top-down Behavior Planning for Real-life Simulation

Song Wei,Kyungeun Cho,Kyhyun Um 한국멀티미디어학회 2007 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.10 No.12

Motivation based Behavior Sequence Learning for an Autonomous Agent in Virtual Reality

Wei Song,Kyungeun Cho,Kyhyun Um 한국멀티미디어학회 2009 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.12 No.12

Pointwise CNN for 3D Object Classification on Point Cloud

( Wei Song ),( Zishu Liu ),( Yifei Tian ),( Simon Fong ) 한국정보처리학회 2021 Journal of information processing systems Vol.17 No.4

Three-dimensional (3D) object classification tasks using point clouds are widely used in 3D modeling, face recognition, and robotic missions. However, processing raw point clouds directly is problematic for a traditional convolutional network due to the irregular data format of point clouds. This paper proposes a pointwise convolution neural network (CNN) structure that can process point cloud data directly without preprocessing. First, a 2D convolutional layer is introduced to percept coordinate information of each point. Then, multiple 2D convolutional layers and a global max pooling layer are applied to extract global features. Finally, based on the extracted features, fully connected layers predict the class labels of objects. We evaluated the proposed pointwise CNN structure on the ModelNet10 dataset. The proposed structure obtained higher accuracy compared to the existing methods. Experiments using the ModelNet10 dataset also prove that the difference in the point number of point clouds does not significantly influence on the proposed pointwise CNN structure.

Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Sustained Delivery by Hydrogels with Microspheres Repairs Rabbit Mandibular Defects

Wei-Yi Song,Guo-Min Liu,Juan Li,Yun-Gang Luo 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2016 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.13 No.6

Mandible defect is a difficult issue in dental surgery owing to limited therapeutic options. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP2) is osteoinductive in bone regeneration. This article prepared chitosan/collagen hydrogels with rhBMP2-incorporated gelatin microsphere (GMs) for a sustained release of rhBMP2 to induce bone regeneration in rabbits. In experiments, mandibular defects of 8 mm in diameter and 3 mm in depth were surgically prepared on the right cheek of 27 rabbits. Either chitosan/collagen hydrogels alone, rhBMP2-incorporated hydrogels, or hydrogels with rhBMP2-incorporated GMs were implanted to the defect sites. The animals were euthanized at 2, 6, 12 weeks following surgery. In results, scanning electronic microscope images revealled spherical GMs. The complex delivery systems, hydrogels with rhBMP2-incorporated GMs, exhibited ideal release profiles in vitro. The complex delivery systems resulted in apparent new bone formation within 12 weeks, as evidenced by computed tomography and histological observations. All these results demonstrated that the chitosan/collagen hydrogels with rhBMP2-incorporated GMs had a better capacity to heal mandible defects than other two hydrogel scaffolds. Chitosan/collagen hydrogels with rhBMP2-incorporated GMs might be potential carriers of rhBMP2 for accelerating the repair of mandibular defects.

Motivated Stochastic Process Learning by State Classifier

Song Wei,Kyungeun Cho,Kyhyun Um 한국멀티미디어학회 2010 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2010 No.-

When adapting to an unknown environment, agents must perceive their virtual world and learn how to make reasonable behavior planning. This paper describes a stochastic learning process in which the sensed states are grouped by motivation filter in order to reduce learning computation. From the sensed signal, a reward is estimated and the probability distribution in the Markov Chains is updated according to the generated Q-learning result. The proposed learning system enables fast perception and heightens automatic planning of the virtual agent for interacting with the human player. We test this model in a 3D restaurant simulation game to elucidate the mechanism of the framework.

A CPU-GPU Hybrid System of Environment Perception and 3D Terrain Reconstruction for Unmanned Ground Vehicle

Wei Song,Shuanghui Zou,Yifei Tian,Su Sun,Simon Fong,조경은,Lvyang Qiu 한국정보처리학회 2018 Journal of information processing systems Vol.14 No.6

Environment perception and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction tasks are used to provide unmannedground vehicle (UGV) with driving awareness interfaces. The speed of obstacle segmentation and surroundingterrain reconstruction crucially influences decision making in UGVs. To increase the processing speed ofenvironment information analysis, we develop a CPU-GPU hybrid system of automatic environmentperception and 3D terrain reconstruction based on the integration of multiple sensors. The system consists ofthree functional modules, namely, multi-sensor data collection and pre-processing, environment perception,and 3D reconstruction. To integrate individual datasets collected from different sensors, the pre-processingfunction registers the sensed LiDAR (light detection and ranging) point clouds, video sequences, and motioninformation into a global terrain model after filtering redundant and noise data according to the redundancyremoval principle. In the environment perception module, the registered discrete points are clustered intoground surface and individual objects by using a ground segmentation method and a connected componentlabeling algorithm. The estimated ground surface and non-ground objects indicate the terrain to be traversedand obstacles in the environment, thus creating driving awareness. The 3D reconstruction module calibratesthe projection matrix between the mounted LiDAR and cameras to map the local point clouds onto thecaptured video images. Texture meshes and color particle models are used to reconstruct the ground surfaceand objects of the 3D terrain model, respectively. To accelerate the proposed system, we apply the GPU parallelcomputation method to implement the applied computer graphics and image processing algorithms in parallel.

A Deep Belief Network for Electricity Utilisation Feature Analysis of Air Conditioners Using a Smart IoT Platform

Song, Wei,Feng, Ning,Tian, Yifei,Fong, Simon,Cho, Kyungeun Korea Information Processing Society 2018 Journal of information processing systems Vol.14 No.1

Currently, electricity consumption and feedback mechanisms are being widely researched in Internet of Things (IoT) areas to realise power consumption monitoring and management through the remote control of appliances. This paper aims to develop a smart electricity utilisation IoT platform with a deep belief network for electricity utilisation feature modelling. In the end node of electricity utilisation, a smart monitoring and control module is developed for automatically operating air conditioners with a gateway, which connects and controls the appliances through an embedded ZigBee solution. To collect electricity consumption data, a programmable smart IoT gateway is developed to connect an IoT cloud server of smart electricity utilisation via the Internet and report the operational parameters and working states. The cloud platform manages the behaviour planning functions of the energy-saving strategies based on the power consumption features analysed by a deep belief network algorithm, which enables the automatic classification of the electricity utilisation situation. Besides increasing the user's comfort and improving the user's experience, the established feature models provide reliable information and effective control suggestions for power reduction by refining the air conditioner operation habits of each house. In addition, several data visualisation technologies are utilised to present the power consumption datasets intuitively.

Equality of Interest Rates Revisited: the Multi-Country Evidence

Wei, Song-Zan Chiou,Zhu, Zhen 한국국제경제학회 2004 International Economic Journal Vol.18 No.2

One influential aspect of international integration of financial markets is the possibility of reducing divergences between domestic interest rates and foreign interest rates or increasing the degree to which yields in different financial markets move together over time. In the study, we investigate the convergence of the real interest rates using the Kalman filter. Applying the modified Hall et al. (1997) approach, we model the risk premium and convergence of real interest rate using the time-varying parameter estimation techniques. We present evidence of risk premium and convergence for two blocks of countries - The Asian-Pacific countries including the U.S., Japan, Taiwan and South Korea and the U.S.- European group including France, the U.K., Germany and the U.S.