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Image Coding and Processing in Personal Computer
Cheung, R. W. L.,Liu, P. C. K.,Leung, C. K. 대한전자공학회 1994 ISPACS:Intelligent Signal Processing and Communica Vol.1 No.1
A simple technique based on PC image coding is developed to simulate a printer output of a picture on the monitor screen in a PC. During the process of .simulation of the printed image produced by the selected matrix printer, the image ,processing techniques are applied Most ,importantly, a palette consists of 20 pre-defined gray levels is read through by a scanner and the resulted file is seat to the PC for subsequent processing and analysis.
( Welzel Tm ),( Isakov V ),( Trinh R ),( Streinu-cercel A ),( Dufour J-f ),( Marinho Rt ),( Moreno C ),( Liu L ),( Xie W ),( Tatsch F ),( Shulman Ns ),( Craxi A ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1
Aims: Ombitasvir (OBV), paritaprevir with the pharmacokinetic enhancer ritonavir (PTV/r), and dasabuvir (DSV) without ribavirin (RBV) has demonstrated sustained virologic response at 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12) rates of 99-100% in HCV GT1b-infected patients without cirrhosis. In GT1b-infected patients with cirrhosis, OBV/PTV/r + DSV with RBV for 12 weeks achieved an SVR12 rate of 98.5%. Regimens with RBV are associated with higher rates of adverse events (AEs), primarily anaemia, and a higher pill burden. This post hoc, pooled analysis from 5 Phase 3/3b trials investigated the efficacy and safety of the RBV-free, 12-week regimen of OBV/PTV/r + DSV among HCV GT1b-infected patients with or without compensated cirrhosis. Methods: Data for patients treated without RBV in 5 trials (GT1b-infected patients with cirrhosis: TURQUOISE-III; GT1b-infected patients without cirrhosis: PEARL-II, PEARL-III, TOPAZ-II, MALACHITE-I) were pooled and patients were characterised by the presence or absence of compensated cirrhosis at baseline. Treatment-naive and pegylated interferon/RBV-experienced patients were included in the analysis population. Efficacy and safety were assessed in all patients. Comparisons of safety outcomes between groups were analysed using Fisher’s exact test. Results: The pooled analysis included 60 patients with cirrhosis and 521 patients without cirrhosis: 62% and 48% were male, 87% and 91% were white, and 45% and 74% were treatment-naive, respectively. SVR12 with OBV/PTV/r + DSV for 12 weeks was 100% (60/60) and 99% (515/521) in patients with and without cirrhosis, respectively. Three patients without cirrhosis experienced virologic failure. Treatment-emergent AEs and laboratory abnormalities are provided in the following table. Conclusions: In HCV GT1b-infected patients, SVR12 rates with the RBV-free, 12-week regimen of OBV/PTV/r + DSV were very high in patients with and without compensated cirrhosis (100% and 99%). Treatment was well tolerated, with no discontinuations due to an AE, and there were low rates of serious AEs and grade 3/4 laboratory abnormalities.
Cho, S.Y.,Park, J.W.,Liu, Y.,Park, Y.S.,Kim, J.H.,Yang, H.,Um, H.,Ko, W.R.,Lee, B.I.,Kwon, S.Y.,Ryu, S.W.,Kwon, C.H.,Park, D.Y.,Lee, J.H.,Lee, S.I.,Song, K.S.,Hur, H.,Han, S.U.,Chang, H.,Kim, S.J.,Kim Elsevier North Holland [etc.] 2017 Gastroenterology Vol.153 No.2
<P>BACKGROUND & AIMS: Early-onset gastric cancer, which develops in patients younger than most gastric cancers, is usually detected at advanced stages, has diffuse histologic features, and occurs more frequently in women. We investigated somatic genomic alterations associated with the unique characteristics of sporadic diffuse gastric cancers (DGCs) from younger patients. METHODS: We conducted whole exome and RNA sequence analyses of 80 resected DGC samples from patients 45 years old or younger in Korea. Patients with pathogenic germline mutations in CDH1, TP53, and ATM were excluded from the onset of this analysis, given our focus on somatic alterations. We used MutSig2CV to evaluate the significance of mutated genes. We recruited 29 additional early-onset Korean DGC samples and performed SNP6.0 array and targeted sequencing analyses of these 109 early-onset DGC samples (54.1% female, median age, 38 years). We compared the SNP6.0 array and targeted sequencing data of the 109 early-onset DGC samples with those from diffuse-type stomach tumor samples collected from 115 patients in Korea who were 46 years or older (late onset) at the time of diagnosis (controls; 29.6% female, median age, 67 years). We compared patient survival times among tumors from different subgroups and with different somatic mutations. We performed gene silencing of RHOA or CDH1 in DGC cells with small interfering RNAs for cell-based assays. RESULTS: We identified somatic mutations in the following genes in a significant number of early-onset DGCs: the cadherin 1 gene (CDH1), TP53, ARID1A, KRAS, PIK3CA, ERBB3, TGFBR1, FBXW7, RHOA, and MAP2K1. None of 109 early-onset DGC cases had pathogenic germline CDH1 mutations. A higher proportion of early-onset DGCs had mutations in CDH1 (42.2%) or TGFBR1 (7.3%) compared with control DGCs (17.4% and 0.9%, respectively) (P<.001 and P=.014 for CDH1 and TGFBR1, respectively). In contrast, a smaller proportion of early-onset DGCs contained mutations in RHOA (9.2%) than control DGCs (19.1%) (P=.033). Late-onset DGCs in The Cancer Genome Atlas also contained less frequent mutations in CDH1 and TGFBR1 and more frequent RHOA mutations, compared with early-onset DGCs. Early-onset DGCs from women contained significantly more mutations in CDH1 or TGFBR1 than early-onset DGCs from men. CDH1 alterations, but not RHOA mutations, were associated with shorter survival times in patients with early-onset DGCs (hazard ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 - 7.7). RHOA activity was reduced by an R5W substitution-the RHOA mutation most frequently detected in early-onset DGCs. Silencing of CDH1, but not RHOA, increased migratory activity of DGC cells. CONCLUSIONS: In an integrative genomic analysis, we found higher proportions of early-onset DGCs to contain somatic mutations in CDH1 or TGFBR1 compared with late-onset DGCs. However, a smaller proportion of early-onset DGCs contained somatic mutations in RHOA than late-onset DGCs. CDH1 alterations, but not RHOA mutations, were associated with shorter survival times of patients, which might account for the aggressive clinical course of early-onset gastric cancer. Female predominance in early-onset gastric cancer may be related to relatively high rates of somatic CDH1 and TGFBR1 mutations in this population.</P>