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The S-Shaped Relationship Between Internationalization and Performance: Empirical Evidence from Laos
Tu Anh PHAN,Thuy Thi Kim NGUYEN,Triet Minh PHAN 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.11
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of internationalization on the business performance of firms in Laos as a transition economy. Using a panel dataset collected by the World Bank for 285 firms during the period 2009, 2012, and 2016 in the service and manufacturing industries, the two-steps Heckman regression results found robust evidence for the fact that the S-curve tie exists between the degree of internationalization and business performance of firms in Laos while controlling other factors. Specifically, if firms have a degree of internationalization lower than 0.4374, they will suffer losses due to the high cost of preparing for phase 1 which is market penetration. Then, when the degree of internationalization continues to increase from 0.4374 to 0.9131, firms will gain benefits from internationalization (phase 2), however, these benefits will deteriorate when the degree of internationalization is greater than 0.9131 (phase 3), meaning that firms will no longer be able to exploit economies of scale or advantages in target markets, or product cycles will fall into a state of decline. Interestingly, we also found that firms with a high concentration level of ownership and internationalization activities may achieve better performance than those with a low concentration of ownership and one which carried out internationalization activities.
The Effects of Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from Vietnam
Tu Anh PHAN,Long Hoang DUONG 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.4
This paper investigated the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and firm performance in Vietnam. Based on a dataset of 101 HOSE-listed manufacturing firms, the results showed that CEOs’ knowledge capability, gender diversity, and board size are positively associated with firm performance, whereas firm age is negatively associated. These findings suggested that firms should consider enlarging the boardrooms, but to a certain extent to avoid an inverse-U-shaped decline of performance; furthermore, firms should promote women executives’ presence in a boardroom for it brings greater cultural-diversity benefits and inhibits information asymmetry. Contrary, the aging process impedes firms’ growth. It depreciates their values in terms of total assets, so managers must review their assets’ net value after each working year to avoid such a hardship. However, the thesis constrains itself since it did not treat the TMTs’ knowledge capability equally as the CEOs’ and completely excluded their treatment. Besides, it did not regard the effect of external governance mechanisms such as the supply-demand relationship, customer behavior, market imperfections, and market concentration due to data unavailability. Based on the main findings, several suggestions are set forth for firms and managers to enhance performance and minimize a poor governance mechanism’s adverse consequence.
HER2 Status and Its Heterogeneity in Gastric Carcinoma of Vietnamese Patient
Dang Anh Thu Phan,Vu Thien Nguyen,Thi Ngoc Ha Hua,Quoc Dat Ngo,Thi Phuong Thao Doan,Sao Trung Nguyen,Anh Tu Thai,Van Thanh Nguyen 대한병리학회 2017 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.51 No.4
Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is related to the pathogenesis and poor outcome of numerous types of carcinomas, including gastric carcinoma. Gastric cancer patients with HER2 positivity have become potential candidates for targeted therapy with trastuzumab. Methods: We investigated 208 gastric cancer specimens using immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization and dual in situ hybridization (ISH). We also investigated the concordance between IHC and ISH. The correlation between HER2 status and various clinicopathological findings was also investigated. Results: In total, 15.9% (33/208) and 24.5% (51/208) of gastric cancers showed HER2 gene amplification and protein overexpression, respectively. A high level of concordance between ISH and IHC analyses (91.3%, κ = 0.76) was found. A significant correlation between HER2 status and intestinal-type (p < .05) and differentiated carcinomas (p < .05) was also noted. The HER2 heterogeneity was high in gastric cancers; we found 68.8% phenotypic heterogeneity and 57.6% genotypic heterogeneity. Heterogeneity in HER2 protein expression and gene amplification showed a close association with diffuse histologic type and IHC 2+. Conclusions: HER2 protein overexpression and gene amplification were detected in 24.5% and 15.9% of gastric cancer specimens, respectively. Intestinal-type showed a higher level of HER2 protein overexpression and gene amplification than diffuse type. HER2 status also showed a significant relationship with well- and moderately-differentiated carcinomas. The ratio of phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity of HER2 was high in gastric carcinomas and was associated with HER2 IHC 2+ and diffuse histologic type.
Thu Dang Anh Phan,Bao Gia Phung,Tu Thanh Duong,Vu Anh Hoang,Dat Quoc Ngo,Nguyen Dinh The Trinh,Tung Thanh Tran 대한병리학회 2021 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.55 No.2
Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is more common in children than adults and involves many organs. In children, the BRAF V600E mutation is associated with recurrent and high-risk LCH. Methods: We collected paraffin blocks of 94 pediatric LCH patients to detect BRAF V600E mutation by sequencing. The relationship between BRAF V600E status and clinicopathological parameters were also critically analyzed. Results: BRAF V600E mutation exon 15 was detected in 45 cases (47.9%). Multiple systems LCH showed a significantly higher BRAF V600E mutation rate than a single system (p = .001). No statistical significance was evident for other clinical characteristics such as age, sex, location, risk organs involvement, and CD1a expression. Conclusions: In Vietnamese LCH children, the proportion of BRAF V600E mutational status was relatively high and related to multiple systems.
Bank Credit, Trade Credit and Growth of Listed Agricultural Firms in Vietnam
Ninh Khuong LE,Anh Tuan BUI,Tu Anh PHAN 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.11
This paper investigates the relationships between bank credit and trade credit with profit of 130 agricultural firms listed on Vietnam’s stock exchanges during the period 2008-2014. Using the GMM approach, the paper reveals inverted-U shaped (∩) relationships between bank credit and trade credit with profit. Specifically, the optimal threshold of bank credit and trade credit to total assets of the firms are 0.4173 and 0.2425, respectively. The findings mean that if the ratio of bank credit to total assets exceeds the benchmark of 0.4173, firms should consider restructuring debts to get them back to the benchmark. To do so, firms should withdraw from those business fields that are not of their profession, in addition to liquiditizing unused assets to repay debts and not using short-term credit to invest in long-term projects. Firms may use trade credit wisely when other sources of finance are lacking. In concrete terms, firms can increase trade credit use if the ratio of trade credit to total assets is below 0.2425. Yet, if this ratio goes beyond this benchmark, firms should get back to this benchmark, e.g., keeping a suitable amount of inventory. The implications of this study is to boost firm growth in the proposed way.
Artocarpus nigrifolius: Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Constituents
Hoi, Tran Minh,Anh, Ha Van,Huong, Nguyen Thi Thanh,Tuyen, Nguyen Van,Anh, Le Thi Tu,Tra, Nguyen Thanh,Cham, Ba Thi,Ha, Nguyen Thi Thu,Linh, Pham Thuy,Tien, Doan Duy,Kiem, Phan Van,Ban, Ninh Khac,Kukha The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.6
Six known compounds including ${\alpha}$-amyrin 3-acetate (1), ${\beta}$-sitosterol (2), betulinic acid (3), friedelan-3-one (4), artochamin B (5), and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-O-${\alpha}$-D-glucopyranoside (6) were isolated from the stem barks and leaves of Artocarpus nigrifolius (Moraceae) for the first time. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods as well as comparison with literatures. Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of 1-6 were evaluated. Results showed that artochamin B (5) possessed the highest cytotoxicity towards MCF7, Lu, HepG2, and KB cell lines with $IC_{50}$ values of 4.59, 20.00, 3.60, and $1.18{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. It also inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), whereas inactive on the growth of both Gram-negative bacteria and yeast.
Le, Thi Kim Anh,Bui, Thi Tu Quyen,Hoang, Van Minh,Kim, Bao Giang,Phan, Thi Hai,Doan, Thu Huyen,Luong, Ngoc Khue,Nguyen, Tuan Lam,Pham, Thi Quynh Nga Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup1
Efforts to reduce tobacco use among school children need to be based on understanding of access to cigarettes by these subjects because previous studies indicated that enforcement of laws for controlling tobacco sales seems to not affect teen/school children because they can obtain cigarettes from different sources. This paper aims to describe access to and availability of cigarettes among school students (aged 13-15 years old) according to the data from GYTS Vietnam 2014. In GYTS, a national school-based survey of students of grades 8-10, our findings showed that about 15% school children are current smokers who smoke at home, and that they could easily buy cigarettes from stores (63.2%), or someone else (27.8%), or street vendors (9%). Notably, over 85% of school children answered that they were not refused because of their age. This high percentage was nearly the same in the North (85.7%), the Centre (92.5%), and the South (89.7%) of Viet Nam. These findings show that it is quite easy for school children to obtain cigarettes and this is a crucial challenge for policy makers aiming to reduce tobacco use among youth in general and school-age students in particular.
Credit Rationing and Trade Credit Use by Farmers in Vietnam
Ninh Khuong LE,Tu Anh PHAN,Hon Van CAO 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.4
The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of credit rationing on the amount of trade credit used by farmers in Vietnam. This study employs a survey data collected through direct interviews with heads of 1,065 rice households randomly selected out of provinces and city in the Mekong River Delta (MRD). In each province or city, the village with the largest area of land devoted to rice production from the district with the largest area of land devoted to rice production was picked up for survey. In each village, 200 rice farmers were randomly chosen for interview. Based on a probit model and a semi-parametric propensity score matching (PSM) estimator while controlling sociodemographic traits of rice farmers, the estimated results show that non-credit rationed farmers use less trade credit to finance production compared to their credit rationed counterparts. Moreover, the amount of trade credit used by farmers decreases as the degree of credit rationing drops. This paper provides evidence of the substitutive relationship between bank credit and trade credit. It also implicitly suggests that banks can drive trade creditors out of the market if they manage to solve the problem of information asymmetry and transaction cost.
Artocarpus nigrifolius: Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Constituents
Tran Minh Hoi,김영호,Ha Van Anh,Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong,Nguyen Van Tuyen,Le Thi Tu Anh,Nguyen Thanh Tra,Ba Thi Cham,Nguyen Thi Thu Ha,Pham Thuy Linh,Doan Duy Tien,Phan Van Kiem,Ninh Khac Ban,Lidziya Kukha 한국응용생명화학회 2013 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.56 No.6
Six known compounds including α-amyrin 3-acetate (1), β-sitosterol (2), betulinic acid (3), friedelan-3-one (4),artochamin B (5), and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (6) were isolated from the stem barks and leaves of Artocarpus nigrifolius (Moraceae) for the first time. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods as well as comparison with literatures. Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of 1-6 were evaluated. Results showed that artochamin B (5)possessed the highest cytotoxicity towards MCF7, Lu, HepG2,and KB cell lines with IC50 values of 4.59, 20.00, 3.60, and 1.18μg/mL, respectively. It also inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), whereas inactive on the growth of both Gram-negative bacteria and yeast.