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감로도(甘露圖)의 제명(題名) 문제(問題)에 대한 재고(再考)
박영아 ( Pak¸ Taylor ) 미술사와 시각문화학회 2021 미술사와 시각문화 Vol.27 No.-
감로도(甘露圖)는 한국의 불교미술 가운데 가장 다양한 제명(題名)으로 지칭되어 온 회화 장르이다. 1923년 세키노 타다시(関野貞, 1868-1935)를 시작으로, 한국 및 일본 학자들은 각자 감로도의 도상 내용과 가장 부합하는 것으로 판단한 제명을 사용해 왔다. 이 과정에서 화기(畵記)에 보이는 제명, 즉 〈하단탱(下壇幀)〉, 〈감로왕탱(甘露王幀)〉, 〈감로회(甘露會)〉, 〈감로탱(甘露幀)〉 혹은 〈감로탱화(甘露幀畵)〉 등은 물론, <시아귀도(施餓鬼圖)〉, 〈우란분경변상(盂蘭盆經變相)〉, 〈수륙회도(水陸會圖)〉 등 새롭게 고안된 제명이 각각 사용되었다. 이들은 이와 같은 제명 설정의 근거와 타당성을 강조하였다. 그리고 이는 결과적으로 감로도라는 회화 장르에 대한 일관된 이해를 어렵게 하는 요인으로 작용하였다. 본고는 이와 같은 감로도의 제명 문제를 조명한 글이다. 감로도에 대한 연구사적 검토는 학계에서 감로도의 제명을 다양하게 사용하게 된 각각의 경위를 파악하는 데 필요한 핵심적인 작업이다. 이를 통해 본고에서는 개별 작품의 도상 구성과 그 해석에 근거한 제명 사이에 나타나는 부적합성이 지적되었다. 이로써 본고는 다수의 제명이 갖는 다양성을 도상의 구성 요소가 아닌 감로도가 제단화(祭壇畵)로 사용된 사실에 초점을 맞추어 감로도와 조선시대 불교의 의례적 체계 사이의 관련성을 새롭게 조명하였다. The Gamnodo is a Korean Buddhist painting genre which has been subjected to scrutiny exceptionally under different titles in modern scholarship. Since its introduction in the early 1920s, Korean and Japanese scholars have adopted either or both of historically derived and newly reconstructed titles that they purport to represent its iconographic content. The varying appellations thus accordingly guided manifold iconographical interpretations. This has in turn impeded a coherent understanding of the genre in its entirety. This paper addresses the very issue of the Gamnodo’s viable connection to multiple titles. Through a careful examination of the historiographical trajectory of scholarship on the Gamnodo, it sheds light on the modern reception of the genre and the unwonted specificity of its attributed titles. As the paper reveals discordances between each title and iconographical capacity of the Gamnodo, the collective distinctiveness of the varied titles is found exclusively linked with the functional quality of the ritual altar on which the genre was installed from the sixteenth century onward. The Gamnodo’s appellations are observed essentially anew in the contemporaneous liturgical framework of Joseon Buddhism.
Optimal Korea’s Government Organization of Shipping and Shipbuilding
Taylor Tae-Hwee LEE,Jong Khil HAN 한국해운물류학회 2018 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.34 No.3
This study aims to explore the optimal model for the Korean government’s organization (KGO) of the maritime industry using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The result of the AHP analysis revealed that most respondents of the survey firstly weighted realistic possibility (0.473), and goal orientation (0.316) and institutional stability (0.221) were secondly and thirdly evaluated. The sub-criteria were systematically classified as suitability (0.279), competency (0.139), reliability (0.125), efficiency (0.115), political coordination (0.098), feasibility (0.095), equity (0.076), independence (0.044), and cooperation (0.041). Finally, shipbuilding and offshore plants under the unification with the Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries should be considered as the optimal KGO of the maritime industry in terms of the evaluation of AHP alternatives.
PERCEPTIONS OF ENCOUNTER IN SHUI CHING CHU 37
Taylor, K.W. The Center for Area Studies Seoul National Univers 1995 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.2 No.1
The map included with this essay shows the territories that extend from the southeastern extremity of the Tibetan highlands to the sea, encompassing the Yunnan plateau and the lowlands of northern Viet Nam. The Hong (Red) River cuts like a knife through the midst of this terrain, while the other great rivers of southeastern Asia, the Yangtze(Chang Jiang), the West (Xi Jing), the Mekong, the Salween, and the tributaries of the Irriwaddy (the Shwe-li and the Ta-ping), flow away to the right and the left. The Hong River follows the shortest line from the ancient Chinese empires and kingdoms came to rest here. Texts preserving early Chinese perceptions of this frontier reveal an encounter between what was understood as civilization and barbarism, order and chaos, human beings and animais, men and women.
Mapping the robotic hysterectomy learning curve and re-establishing surgical training metrics
Taylor B. Turner,Kenneth H. Kim 대한부인종양학회 2021 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.32 No.4
Objective: Common robotic training curricula in the US entail completion of an online module followed by lab training with standardized exercises, such as manipulating needles with robotic needle drivers. Assessments are generally limited to elapsed time and subjective proficiency. We sought to test the feasibility of a simulation-based robotic hysterectomy curriculum to collect objective measurements of trainee progress, map the trainee learning curve and provide a system for trainee-specific evaluation. Methods: An observational cohort study of a single institutions' residency members participating in a procedural hysterectomy simulation performed every 4 months. Each simulation episode had one-on-one teaching. The robotic platform was used to measure all movements within cartesian coordinates, the number of clutches, instrument collisions, time to complete the simulated hysterectomy, and unintended injuries during the procedure. Results: Voluntary participation was high. Objective metrics were successfully recorded at each session and improved nearly universally. More senior residents demonstrated superior capabilities compared to junior residents as expected. The majority of residents (29/31) were able to complete an entire simulated hysterectomy in the allotted 30-minute training session period by the end of the year. Conclusions: This program establishes learning curves based on objective data points using a risk-free simulation platform. The curves can then be used to evaluate trainee skill level and tailor teaching to specific objective competencies. The pilot curriculum can be tailored to the unique needs of each surgical discipline's residency training.
ASIAN STUDIES: ISSUES AND RESEARCH AGENDA
Taylor, Robert H. The Center for Area Studies Seoul National Univers 1994 Journal of International and Area Studies Vol.1 No.1
The topic of this volume, "Asian Studies in the Age of Globalization." directly points to two issues which I wish to discuss. Our title reflects these: first, Asian studies as an aspect of the academic study of foreign areas or area studies ; and, second, the increasingly rapid golbalization of enconomics, politics and even cultrual patterns and developments in this century.