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α-Amino Acid Pendant Polymers as Endosomal pH-Responsive Gene Carriers
Takuya Wada,Atsushi Maruyama,Arihiro Kano,Naohiko Shimada 한국고분자학회 2012 Macromolecular Research Vol.20 No.3
In order to prepare gene carriers responsive to an endosomal pH, amino groups of linear poly(allylamine)(PAA) or poly(L-lysine) (PLL) were coupled with a-carboxyl groups of α-amino acids (Gly, His, Lys, Arg, and Orn). Acid-base titration indicated that Lys-, Arg-, and Orn-pendant polymers had both strongly basic groups and endosomal pH-responsive α-amino groups. These polymers, like PAA and PLL, formed stable complexes with DNA. Lys-,Arg-, and Orn-pendant polymers were effective transfection reagents independent of the backbone polymers. The pH-responsive α-amino groups enhanced transfection activity as shown by the observation that acetylation of the α-amino group resulted in a considerable loss in transfection activity. These results strongly suggested a lysosomotropic activity of the α-amino groups. Among the α-amino acid-pendant polymers tested, the Orn-pendant polymer exhibited the highest transfection activity/toxicity index. Since PLL with α-amino acid-pendants is composed of naturally occurring amino acids, it is expected to be biodegradable, and these reagents have promise as gene carriers.
Design and Implementation of a 500 kHz Switching PWM Inverter without a Dead-Time
Keiji Wada,Takuya Fujii 전력전자학회 2015 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2015 No.6
Developments of a high-frequency switching PWM inverter have been presented. In high-switching frequency PWM inverter, a dead time for preventing a short circuit of the inverter circuit is a one of the most critical issues. Especially, it will be affected to inverter operations, such as current distortions, output voltage reduction, and switching frequency limitations. In the case of using the Si-MOSFET, the dead time is normally set to at least 500-ns, and it is fixed value in each circuit. Therefore, the upper limitation of the switching frequency is limited by the dead time. This paper proposes a 500-kHz switching PWM inverter without dead time using Si-MOSFET, and it can be realized for setting low-voltage gate-drive operations. Moreover, it will present the experimental results for a single-phase PWM inverter, when the switching frequency is set to 500 kHz and DC voltage is set to 300 V.
Kasumi Yoshinaga,Takuya Sadahira,Yuki Maruyama,Yosuke Mitsui,Takehiro Iwata,Koichiro Wada,Motoo Araki,Toyohiko Watanabe,Yasutomo Nasu 대한비뇨의학회 2021 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.62 No.1
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the prognostic value of pretreatment inflammation-based scoring systems in terms of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with germ cell tumors (GCTs) receiving bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 63 patients with GCTs retrospectively. The Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, prognostic index, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), systemic immune-inflammation index, and albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) were measured in all patients before chemotherapy. To assess the predictive ability of each scoring system, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated, and multivariate analysis was performed to identify associations between the predictive scores and OS. Results: Of all the inflammation-based scoring systems, the GPS had the greatest area under the curve (0.847) for predicting OS, followed by the PNI (0.829) and AGR (0.810). Kaplan–Meier analyses revealed that the GPS, PNI, and AGR were significantly associated with OS, whereas the GPS, PLR, and PNI were significantly associated with PFS. In the multivariate analysis, the GPS was an independent predictor of OS and PFS. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the GPS was the most valuable biomarker of OS and PFS in patients with GCTs.
Impact of Sarcopenia on Erectile Function after Nerve-Sparing Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy
Mitsui Yosuke,Sadahira Takuya,Maruyama Yuki,Sato Ryota,Rodrigo Acosta Gonzalez Herik,Wada Koichiro,Araki Motoo,Watanabe Masami,Watanabe Toyohiko,Nasu Yasutomo 대한남성과학회 2021 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.39 No.4
Purpose: To determine the impact of sarcopenia on erectile functional outcomes after a nerve-sparing (NS) robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) using patient-reported validated questionnaires. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, RARP was performed on 841 patients at Okayama University Hospital, of which 132 underwent NS RARP. Erectile functional outcomes were assessed using the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Automated measurement of skeletal muscle at L3 was achieved using volume analyzer software and normalizing for height (cm2/m2) to calculate skeletal muscle index (SMI). Patients who had an IIEF-5≤4 comprised the group with erectile dysfunction (ED), and those with an IIEF-5≤5 made up the non-ED group. Results: This study enrolled 95 patients of median age 65 years with a preoperative IIEF‑5 of 16. There were no significant differences between patients with and without sarcopenia among those with preoperative IIEF‑5. Postoperatively, in the ED group, SMI and preoperative IIEF‑5 were significantly lower than in the non-ED group. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that (1) both SMI and preoperative IIEF-5 were independent predictors of ED, and (2) sarcopenia and preoperative IIEF-5 were predictors of ED at 12 months after NS RARP. Conclusions: Patients with sarcopenia can have worse erectile functional outcomes after NS RARP. Sarcopenia and a lower preoperative IIEF-5 score may be predictive of postoperative ED.
Kakehi Tomohiro,Zenta Masashi,Ishimori Takuya,Tamura Naoki,Wada Hiromu,Bessho Masahiko,Kakuda Wataru 대한재활의학회 2023 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.47 No.4
Objective: To evaluate the reliability and validity of this new measure, called the caregivers’ fear of falling index (CFFI).Methods: The study surveyed home-based rehabilitation patients with fall-related fracture, and their primary caregivers. The characteristics of these patients were evaluated, and the caregivers were surveyed using the CFFI and Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). The reliability of the CFFI was assessed using item-total correlation, while the validity of the CFFI was evaluated through correlation coefficients calculated between the CFFI and the FES-I.Results: The participants were 51 patient-caregiver pairs. The internal consistency of the CFFI showed an alpha coefficient of 0.904. No items were excluded in the corrected item-total correlations. The CFFI showed a moderate correlation with FES-I (r=0.432, p=0.002).Conclusion: This study found the CFFI to be a reliable and valid tool for measuring the primary caregivers’ fear. The CFFI may be a useful tool for healthcare professionals to identify and supporting these primary caregivers.
Nakamura, Akihiko,Watanabe, Hiroki,Ishida, Takuya,Uchihashi, Takayuki,Wada, Masahisa,Ando, Toshio,Igarashi, Kiyohiko,Samejima, Masahiro American Chemical Society 2014 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.136 No.12
<P>Analysis of heterogeneous catalysis at an interface is difficult because of the variety of reaction sites and the difficulty of observing the reaction. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose by cellulases is a typical heterogeneous reaction at a solid/liquid interface, and a key parameter of such reactions on polymeric substrates is the processivity, i.e., the number of catalytic cycles that can occur without detachment of the enzyme from the substrate. In this study, we evaluated the reactions of three closely related glycoside hydrolase family 7 cellobiohydrolases from filamentous fungi at the molecular level by means of high-speed atomic force microscopy to investigate the structure–function relationship of the cellobiohydrolases on crystalline cellulose. We found that high moving velocity of enzyme molecules on the surface is associated with a high dissociation rate constant from the substrate, which means weak interaction between enzyme and substrate. Moreover, higher values of processivity were associated with more loop regions covering the subsite cleft, which may imply higher binding affinity. Loop regions covering the subsites result in stronger interaction, which decreases the velocity but increases the processivity. These results indicate that there is a trade-off between processivity and hydrolytic velocity among processive cellulases.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2014/jacsat.2014.136.issue-12/ja4119994/production/images/medium/ja-2013-119994_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja4119994'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Experimental Flight of KIT Student’s Rocket in France
Koji Okuda,Yuji Ujimoto,Yuta Otsuka,Takaya Sato,Takuya Shidooka,Daijiro Semba,Kenichi Tominaga,Junichi Fukuda,Yuta Yamamoto,Kazuki Wada,Shinichi Sagara,Koichi Yonemoto 한국항공우주학회 2008 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
KIT Student's Rocket has been developed by a student group of Kyushu Institute of Technology lor rocket launch campaign held at La Courtine in France since 2006. This paper introduces the newest design of rocket. The rocket has the body length of 2120㎜, and weighs 14.6㎏ and can reach to an altitude of about 700㎜ by a solid rocket motor provided by CNES (the French Centre National D’Etudes Spatiales). The rocket is controlling rolling attitude during ascent phase and then deploying a parafoil at the apogee of the trajectory for recovery guidance to an aiming point.