c-Cbl-Mediated Neddylation Antagonizes Ubiquitination and Degradation of the TGF-β Type II Receptor

Zuo, W.,Huang, F.,Chiang, Y.,Li, M.,Du, J.,Ding, Y.,Zhang, T.,Lee, H.,Jeong, L.,Chen, Y.,Deng, H.,Feng, X.H.,Luo, S.,Gao, C.,Chen, Y.G. Cell Press 2013 Molecular cell Vol.49 No.3

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a potent antiproliferative factor in multiple types of cells. Deregulation of TGF-β signaling is associated with the development of many cancers, including leukemia, though the molecular mechanisms are largely unclear. Here, we show that Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl), a known proto-oncogene encoding an ubiquitin E3 ligase, promotes TGF-β signaling by neddylating and stabilizing the type II receptor (TβRII). Knockout of c-Cbl decreases the TβRII protein level and desensitizes hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells to TGF-β stimulation, while c-Cbl overexpression stabilizes TβRII and sensitizes leukemia cells to TGF-β. c-Cbl conjugates neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally downregulated 8 (NEDD8), a ubiquitin-like protein, to TβRII at Lys556 and Lys567. Neddylation of TβRII promotes its endocytosis to EEA1-positive early endosomes while preventing its endocytosis to caveolin-positive compartments, therefore inhibiting TβRII ubiquitination and degradation. We have also identified a neddylation-activity-defective c-Cbl mutation from leukemia patients, implying a link between aberrant TβRII neddylation and leukemia development.

Local structure and magnetocaloric effect for La_0.7Sr_0.3Mn_1-xNi_xO₃

Zhang, Y.D.,Phan, T.L.,Yang, D.S.,Yu, S.C. Elsevier 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.3

We have prepared polycrystalline La<SUB>0.7</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.3</SUB>Mn<SUB>1-x</SUB>Ni<SUB>x</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) samples by conventional solid-state reaction. X-ray absorption studies reveal that Ni dopants in the compounds having an oxidation state of 2+. These Ni<SUP>2+</SUP> ions replace Mn on the octahedral site of the perovskite structure. An increase of the Ni content enhances the concentration of Mn<SUP>4+</SUP> ions. This reduces magnetization, and the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition temperature (T<SUB>C</SUB>) of La<SUB>0.7</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.3</SUB>Mn<SUB>1-x</SUB>Ni<SUB>x</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> from ∼365 K for x = 0 to ∼345 K for x = 0.03. The magnetocaloric effect has also been assessed by means of magnetic-entropy change, which is determined from field dependences of magnetization. We find a large magnetic-entropy change taking place around T<SUB>C</SUB> of the samples. Under an applied field interval of 15 kOe, the maximum magnetic-entropy changes |ΔS<SUB>M</SUB><SUP>max</SUP>| are about 2.33, 2.27, 2.26 and 2.21 J/kg K for x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03, respectively. Interestingly, the doping of a small amount of Ni in La<SUB>0.7</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.3</SUB>Mn<SUB>1-x</SUB>Ni<SUB>x</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> does not make|ΔS<SUB>M</SUB><SUP>max</SUP>| changed very much, but causes the shift of this value towards room temperature. Such the feature is applicable to control the working temperature range of cooling systems based on the magnetocaloric effect.

T-ray와 텝핑을 이용한 허니콤샌드위치 복합재 결함탐상 평가기법

임광희(K. H. Im),조영태(Y. T. Cho),신승희(S. H. Shin),원재현(J. H Won),정예원(Y. W. Jung),장계림(G. L. Zhang),김선규(S. K. Kim) 한국생산제조학회 2020 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2020 No.7

OPTIMIZATION RESEARCH FOR A HIGH PRESSURE COMMON RAIL DIESEL ENGINE BASED ON SIMULATION

Y. LIU,Y.-T. ZHANG,T. QIU,X. DING,Q. XIONG 한국자동차공학회 2010 International journal of automotive technology Vol.11 No.5

ABSTRACT−A TP (Temperature Phase) model is presented to carry out optimization calculation for a high-pressure common rail diesel engine. Temperature is the most important parameter in the TP model. For the lower branch (when temperature T < 850 K) of the S-shaped curve (auto-ignition phase), a 6-step ad-hoc model with adjusted rate constants of nheptane is used, referred to steady state assumption. Steady state assumption is based on the observation that, due to very fast chemical processes in combustion problems, many chemical species and reactions are in a quasi-steady state or partial equilibrium. When a species is assumed to be in the steady state, the corresponding differential equation can be replaced by an algebraic relation, which reduces the computational costs. For the middle branch (850 K ≤ T < 1100 K) of the S-shaped curve, a 4-step model is used to calculate the unstable phase. For the upper branch (T≥1100 K) of the S-shaped curve, onestep model is used because the one-step model has widely been used in descriptions of flame stability where it essentially serves as a model that produces a thin flame with strong temperature sensitivity. When zone temperature T<1500 K, only the soot precursors –PAHs (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) is created and there is no soot emission. When zone temperature T≥1500 K, PAHs and soot source terms (particle inception, surface growth, oxidation, coagulation) are calculated. The TP model is then applied in multidimensional simulations to carry out optimizing, which reduces experiment cost. The results of cylinder pressures, the corresponding heat release rates, NOx and soot with variation of injection time at constant rail pressure, variation of EGR-rate at constant rail pressure and variation of rail pressure at constant EGR-rate between simulation and experimental data are analyzed. The results indicate that the TP model can carry out optimization and CFD (computational fluid dynamics) and can be a tool to calculate for a high-pressure common rail diesel engine.

Phase Stability, Band Gap, and Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Quaternary Heusler alloys FeMnScZ (Z = Al, Ga, In)

Y. C. Gao,Y. Zhang,X. T. Wang 한국물리학회 2015 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.66 No.6

By using the first-principles calculations, we have systematically investigated the phase stability,band gap, and electronic structures and magnetic properties of quaternary Heusler alloys FeMnScZ(Z = Al, Ga, In). We found that FeMnScZ (Z = Al, Ga, In) alloys are half-metallic ferrimagnetsat their equilibrium lattice constants and retain a high spin polarization over a quite wide rangeof lattice distortions. The half-metallic band gap in the FeMnScZ (Z = Al, Ga, In) alloys arisesfrom t1u-t2g splitting but not eu-t1u splitting. The total magnetic moments are 3 μB per unit cellfor FeMnScZ (Z = Al, Ga, In) alloys, following the Slater−Pauling rule with the total number ofvalence electrons minus 18 rather than 24. Moreover, all of these alloys have a negative formationenergy, which implies that they can be synthesized experimentally.

Ferromagnetic Order in Rapidly Cooled Nd-Fe-Co-Al Alloy Ribbons

Phan, T. L.,Zhang, Y. D.,Dan, N. H.,Thang, D. D.,Thanh, T. D.,Zhang, P.,Yu, S. C. IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.49 No.7

<P>We have studied the magnetic properties of Nd<SUB>45</SUB>Fe<SUB>30</SUB>Co<SUB>15</SUB>Al<SUB>10</SUB> alloy ribbons with various thicknesses of about 120 (N<SUB>1</SUB>) and 50 μm (N<SUB>2</SUB>) prepared by melt-spinning. Structural analyses based on an X-ray diffractometer and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope revealed an existence of nanocrystals with sizes of 10 ~ 20 nm surrounded by an amorphous host matrix. With decreasing ribbon thickness and nanocrystalline size, magnetic studies upon a vibrating sample magnetometer indicated the decrease of the Curie temperature (T<SUB>C</SUB>), coercive force (H<SUB>c</SUB>), and magnetic entropy change (ΔS<SUB>m</SUB>). In the ferromagnetic region, however, magnetization values determined for N<SUB>2</SUB> are greater than those determined for N<SUB>1</SUB>. These results are related to the differences in the critical exponents of N<SUB>1</SUB> (β=0.418 and γ=1.173), and N<SUB>2</SUB> (β=0.512 and γ=1.077), which are characteristic for the ferromagnetic nature existing in the alloy ribbons with different thicknesses.</P>

The clonal origins of leukemic progression of myelodysplasia

Kim, T,Tyndel, M S,Kim, H J,Ahn, J-S,Choi, S H,Park, H J,Kim, Y-k,Yang, D-H,Lee, J-J,Jung, S-H,Kim, S Y,Min, Y H,Cheong, J-W,Sohn, S K,Moon, J H,Choi, M,Lee, M,Zhang, Z,Kim, D(D H) Nature Publishing Group 2017 Leukemia Vol.31 No.9

<P>The genetics behind the progression of myelodysplasia to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) is poorly understood. In this study, we profiled somatic mutations and their dynamics using next generation sequencing on serial samples from a total of 124 patients, consisting of a 31 patient discovery cohort and 93 patients from two validation cohorts. Whole-exome analysis on the discovery cohort revealed that 29 of 31 patients carry mutations related to at least one of eight commonly mutated pathways in AML. Mutations in genes related to DNA methylation and splicing machinery were found in T-cell samples, which expand at the initial diagnosis of the myelodysplasia, suggesting their importance as early disease events. On the other hand, somatic variants associated with signaling pathways arise or their allelic burdens expand significantly during progression. Our results indicate a strong association between mutations in activated signaling pathways and sAML progression. Overall, we demonstrate that distinct categories of genetic lesions play roles at different stages of sAML in a generally fixed order.</P>

The processing optimization and property evaluations of HVOF Co-base alloy T800 coating

Cho, J. Y.,Zhang, S. H.,Cho, T. Y.,Yoon, J. H.,Joo, Y. K.,Hur, S. K. Springer-Verlag 2009 JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE - Vol.44 No.23

Effects of Coated Compound Proteases on Apparent Total Tract Digestibility of Nutrients and Apparent Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids for Pigs

Pan, L.,Zhao, P.F.,Yang, Z.Y.,Long, S.F.,Wang, H.L.,Tian, Q.Y.,Xu, Y.T.,Xu, X.,Zhang, Z.H.,Piao, X.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.12

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of coated compound proteases (CC protease) on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nitrogen (N) and energy, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA) and nutrients in diets for pigs. In Exp. 1, 12 crossbred barrows (initial body weight: $20.79{\pm}1.94kg$) were housed in individual metabolism crates and allotted into 2 treatments with 6 piglets per treatment according to weight in a randomized complete block design. The 2 diets were corn-soybean meal basal diets with (0.2 g/kg) or without CC protease supplementation. The CC protease supplementation increased (p<0.05) the digestible and metabolizable N and energy values and the digestibility and retention rate of N in the diet. The ATTD of energy and nutrients had been improved (p<0.05) in the diet supplemented with CC protease. In Exp. 2, 12 crossbred barrows (initial body weight: $20.79{\pm}1.94kg$), fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum, were blocked by body weight into 2 groups with 6 pigs each. The diets were the same as those in Exp. 1. The CC protease increased (p<0.05) the AID of crude protein and some essential AA including arginine, isoleucine and leucine. The AID and ATTD of energy and nutrients had been improved (p<0.05) by supplemental CC protease, but the hindgut digestibility of nutrients was unaffected. Overall, the CC protease improved the ATTD of N and energy and AID of some indispensible AA and nutrients in the corn-soybean meal diet for pigs. Therefore, the CC protease supplement could improve the utilization of protein in the corn-soybean meal diet and thus contribute to lower N excretion to the environment.

PANCHROMATIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE TEXTBOOK GRB 110205A: CONSTRAINING PHYSICAL MECHANISMS OF PROMPT EMISSION AND AFTERGLOW

Zheng, W.,Shen, R. F.,Sakamoto, T.,Beardmore, A. P.,De Pasquale, M.,Wu, X. F.,Gorosabel, J.,Urata, Y.,Sugita, S.,Zhang, B.,Pozanenko, A.,Nissinen, M.,Sahu, D. K.,Im, M.,Ukwatta, T. N.,Andreev, M.,Klun IOP Publishing 2012 The Astrophysical journal Vol.751 No.2

<P>We present a comprehensive analysis of a bright, long-duration (T-90 similar to 257 s) GRB 110205A at redshift z = 2.22. The optical prompt emission was detected by Swift/UVOT, ROTSE-IIIb, and BOOTES telescopes when the gamma-ray burst (GRB) was still radiating in the gamma-ray band, with optical light curve showing correlation with gamma-ray data. Nearly 200 s of observations were obtained simultaneously from optical, X-ray, to gamma-ray (1 eV to 5 MeV), which makes it one of the exceptional cases to study the broadband spectral energy distribution during the prompt emission phase. In particular, we clearly identify, for the first time, an interesting two-break energy spectrum, roughly consistent with the standard synchrotron emission model in the fast cooling regime. Shortly after prompt emission (similar to 1100 s), a bright (R = 14.0) optical emission hump with very steep rise (alpha similar to 5.5) was observed, which we interpret as the reverse shock (RS) emission. It is the first time that the rising phase of an RS component has been closely observed. The full optical and X-ray afterglow light curves can be interpreted within the standard reverse shock (RS) + forward shock (FS) model. In general, the high-quality prompt and afterglow data allow us to apply the standard fireball model to extract valuable information, including the radiation mechanism (synchrotron), radius of prompt emission (R-GRB similar to 3 x 10(13) cm), initial Lorentz factor of the outflow (Gamma(0) similar to 250), the composition of the ejecta (mildly magnetized), the collimation angle, and the total energy budget.</P>