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Alcohol Impairs learning of T-maze Task but Not Active Avoidance Task in Zebrafish
Yang, Sunggu,Kim, Wansik,Choi, Byung-Hee,Koh, Hae-Young,Lee, Chang-Joong The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2003 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.7 No.4
The aim of this study is to investigate whether alcohol alters learning and memory processes pertaining to emotional and spatial factors using the active avoidance and T-maze task in zebrafish. In the active avoidance task, zebrafish were trained to escape from one compartment to another to avoid electric shocks (unconditioned stimulus) following a conditioned light signal. Acquisition of active avoidance task appeared to be normal in zebrafish that were treated with 1% alcohol for 30 min for 17 days until the end of the behavioral test, and retention ability of learned behavior, tested 2 days later, was the same as control group. In the T-maze task, the time to find a reservoir was compared. While the latency was similar during the 1 st training session between control and alcohol-treated zebrafish, it was significantly longer in alcohol-treated zebrafish during retention test 24 h later. Furthermore, when alcohol was treated 30 min after 2nd session without prior treatment, zebrafish demonstrated similar retention ability compared to control. These results suggest that chronic alcohol treatment alters spatial learning of zebrafish, but not emotional learning.
Epidural Electrotherapy for Brain Disorders
Sunggu YANG 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.4
Penetrating electronics have been used for treating epilepsy, yet their therapeutic effects are debated largely due to the lack of a large scale, real-time, safe recording/stimulation. Here, our proposed technology integrates ultrathin epidural electronics into an electrocorticography (ECoG) array, therein simultaneously sampling brain signals in a large area for diagnostic purposes and delivering electrical pulses for treatment. The system was empirically tested to record the ictal-like activities of the thalamocortical network in vitro and in vivo using our epidural electronics. Also, it is newly demonstrated that the electronics selectively diminish epileptiform activities, but not normal signal transduction, in live animals. We propose that this technology heralds a new generation of diagnostic and therapeutic brain-machine interfaces. Such an electronic system can be applicable for several brain diseases such as tinnitus, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, depression, and schizophrenia.
A circuit mechanism of time-to-space conversion for perception
Yang, Sunggu,Chung, Jaeyong,Jin, Sung Hun,Bao, Shaowen,Yang, Sungchil Elsevier 2018 Hearing research Vol.366 No.-
<P>Sensory information in a temporal sequence is processed as a collective unit by the nervous system. The cellular mechanisms underlying how sequential inputs are incorporated into the brain has emerged as an important subject in neuroscience. Here, we hypothesize that information-bearing (IB) signals can be entrained and amplified by a clock signal, allowing them to efficiently propagate along in a feedforward circuit. IB signals can remain latent on individual dendrites of the receiving neurons until they are read out by an oscillatory clock signal. In such a way, the IB signals pass through the next neurons along a linear chain. This hypothesis identifies a cellular process of time-to-space and sound-to-map conversion in primary auditory cortex, providing insight into a mechanistic principle underlying the representation and memory of temporal sequences of information. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Ho Gyun Lee,Il Hyeon Jung,Byong Seo Park,Yang Hye Rim,김광곤,Thai Hien Tu,Jung-Yong Yeh,Sewon Lee,Sunggu Yang,Byung Ju Lee,김재근,남궁일성 대한당뇨병학회 2023 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.47 No.6
Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are currently used to treat patients with diabetes. Previous studies have demonstrated that treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors is accompanied by altered metabolic phenotypes. However, it has not been investigated whether the hypothalamic circuit participates in the development of the compensatory metabolic phenotypes triggered by the treatment with SGLT-2 inhibitors.Methods: Mice were fed a standard diet or high-fat diet and treated with dapagliflozin, an SGLT-2 inhibitor. Food intake and energy expenditure were observed using indirect calorimetry system. The activity of hypothalamic neurons in response to dapagliflozin treatment was evaluated by immunohistochemistry with c-Fos antibody. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine gene expression patterns in the hypothalamus of dapagliflozin-treated mice.Results: Dapagliflozin-treated mice displayed enhanced food intake and reduced energy expenditure. Altered neuronal activities were observed in multiple hypothalamic nuclei in association with appetite regulation. Additionally, we found elevated immunosignals of agouti-related peptide neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.Conclusion: This study suggests the functional involvement of the hypothalamus in the development of the compensatory metabolic phenotypes induced by SGLT-2 inhibitor treatment.
Electrophysiological Properties of Hypothalamus Neurons
June woo NA,Byong Seo PARK,Jae Geun KIM,sunggu YANG 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Hypothalamus is widely accepted as the central system of whole-body homeostasis. In the energy homeostasis system, POMC neurons and AgRP neurons have the opposing mechanism, POMC neurons suppress the feeding while the AgRP neuron enhances the feeding. However recent study representative the dopaminergic neuron reacts to ghrelin and increases food intake, it demonstrated that the dopaminergic neuron is also highly involved in energy metabolism regulation. But, it has not yet been characterized electrophysiological intrinsic properties of these neurons. In this study, we focused on these three different types of neurons and characterized their electrophysiological intrinsic properties and Reactivity to leptin and ghrelin by whole-cell patch-clamp. These neurons showed significantly different electrophysiological capacities in intrinsic property assay. The burst firing pattern was observed in AgRP and DAT neurons but not in POMC neurons. AgRP and POMC were reacted at ghrelin and leptin but DAT neurons did not respond to leptin.