발달장애학생을 위한 웹기반 의사소통능력신장 프로그램의 개발과 적용 사례

김동현,유영환,김좌중,천경철,이청용,김봉수 국립특수교육원 2005 연구보고서 Vol.- No.10

발달장애학생의 의사소통능력은 단순한 언어문제 이상의 의미를 지닌다. 의사소통능력은 모든 학습의 기초가 되고 결국 인간의 삶의 질을 좌우하게 하는 중요한 요소가 되고 있기 때문에 의사소통능력에 문제가 많은 발달장애학생에게 있어서 의사소통능력 신장은 매우 중요하다. 발달장애학생의 언어 및 의사소통능력의 결함은 사회적 결함과 인지적 결함에 상호 관련성이 있어 다른 사람으로부터의 의사소통을 이해하는 능력과 자신의 생각을 표현하는 능력이 제한되어 다른 사람과의 상호관계를 맺는데 어려움이 많았다. 따라서 발달장애학생의 언어지도는 생활 장면에서 교수하는 것이 가장 바람직하다고 하겠다. 그러나 지금까지 주로 활용된 전통적인 언어지도 방법은 어휘를 증가시키고, 발화의 길이를 널리는 데는 효과가 있었지만, 학습된 내용을 생활 장면에서의 일반화에는 문제점이 있는 것으로 지적되고 있다. 발달장애학생의 언어지도 방법은 일상생활 속에서 학습 내용을 선정하고 이를 실생활 장면 혹은 이와 유사한 환경에서 효과적으로 지도할 수 있는 적절한 교수 방법이 필요하다. 그래서 발달장애학생의 의사소통능력 신장을 위한 환경중심 언어지도 방법을 활용한 웹(Web)기반 언어지도 프로그램을 개발하였다. 웹(Web)기반 언어지도 프로그램은 제7차 특수학교 기본교육과정과 국립특수교육원에서 발간한 ‘발달장애학생의 언어교육 프로그램(1998)’ 분석을 통하여 개인 · 가정생활, 학교 · 사회생활, 경제 · 여가생활 등의 6개 영역으로 구분하여 각 영역별 학습주제를 선정하였으며, 학습주제에 대한 학습의 진행 형태는 학습목표, 낱말학습, 상황학습, 평가로 진행할 수 있도록 하였으나, 학습자의 현재 수행 능력을 고려하여 능력에 따른 진행의 절차를 학습자가 선택할 수 있게 하였다. 본 프로그램을 적용해본 결과 다음과 같은 교육적인 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 웹을 활용한 가상체험을 통하여 적극적이고 흥미 있는 참여를 유도하며, 학습자 중심의 주도적인 학습과 안내자, 촉진자로서의 교사의 역할을 통해 발달장애학생의 의사소통 능력을 신장시킬 수 있었다. 둘째, 교실에서 이루어지는 지금까지의 수업방식을 탈피하여 학습자가 언제, 어디서나, 누구든지 학습할 수 있는 열린 학습체제의 교육환경을 조성할 수 있었다. 셋째, 문자정보, 그래픽, 애니메이션, 사진, 음성, 비디오 등 다양한 형태의 정보가 상호대화 형식으로 활용되며, 수준별 반복학습을 실시함으로써 교수-학습 방법의 개선뿐만 아니라 양질의 수업을 진행하는데 도움을 줄 수 있었다. 본 프로그램을 활용한 언어지도가 발달장애학생의 의사소통능력 신장을 위한 최선의 방법이라고 말할 수는 없으며, 언어지도의 한 가지 방법이라고 말할 수 있다. 따라서 본 프로그램의 활용한 언어지도는 학교에서 교사가 학생의 능력과 흥미를 고려하여 지도한다면 발달장애 학생의 의사소통능력 신장에 많은 도움이 될 것이다. The developmental disability of the metal handicapped children means more than simple linguistic problem. The developmental disability is the base of all the learning and important factor which decides the happiness of the human being finally, so the extension of mutual understanding ability is so important, in the case of the metal handicapped children who have a problem of the mutual understanding ability. In the case of the metal handicapped children, the defects of the mutual understanding and linguistic ability are related with the social defect and the defect of recognition, and the ability of understanding about mutual relations with other people and self-expression ability are limited. So they have many problems in mutual relations with other people. Therefore, the linguistic instruction of the metal handicapped children is recommended to be done in the living. But, the traditional linguistic instruction which's used mainly as yet, is effective in increase of a vocabulary and the length of a locutionary act, but it has a problem in the popularization of the learning in the real life. The method of the linguistic instruction for the metal handicapped children, should be selected as contents in the real life, and the right learning method which can be done under the real life or the similar environment with it, is needed. Because of the above realities, the linguistic teaching web-based program is developed, using the linguistic instruction which is focused on the environment, for the extension of the mutual understanding ability of the metal handicapped children. In the linguistic teaching web-based program, it is divided with 6 field (personal · home life, school · social life, economical · leisure life) and the educational subject classified by each field is selected, by the analysis of 'The linguistic educational program for the children who have developmental disability' published by the 7th basic education course of special school and the national special education organization. Besides, the progress form of learning about the educational subject is directed by educational goal, word learning, situation learning and valuation, but a learner can choose a procedure followed by ability, regarding to his accomplishment ability. As the result of the application of this program, the educational effects that we could get are the following : 1. We could lead a positive and interesting participation by virtual experience through WEB, and the communication ability of the metal handicapped children was extended by a role of a teacher, as a guide and promoter and a leading learning focused on a learner. 2. The teaching method which is done in school now, is dismissed and we could form the educational environment of the learning system that a learner could learn, without distinction of time, a place and a person. 3. The various form of information, like text, graphic, animation, photo, sound, video and so on, is applied as a form of communication. Therefore, the program was useful in not only the improvement of the teaching-learning method, but also the proceeding of the effective lesson. The linguistic teaching which use this program, can not be the best method of the extension of the mutual understanding ability and it's just one method of linguistic teaching. if the linguistic teaching which use this program is conducted, regarding to a ability and a interest of a student, it will be so useful in the extension of the mutual understanding ability, for the children who have developmental disability.

The Appraisal for the School Based Tooth Brushing Program Though Establishing the Tooth-Brushing Unit at the School

Jwa, Su-Kyung 대한임상예방치과학회 2010 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.6 No.1

Objective: According to this policy, the public health center at Jung-Gu in Seoul city has decided to extend the school toothbrushing programs from 1 school to 4 schools in 2,008, and tried to appraisal every year. According to this appraisal plan, the author has performed the oral health survey for schoolchildren by checking the variations for caries an oral health or hygiene states in before and 6 months after the program in order to correct unreasonable points and to suggest the proper directions for improvement of oral health for school children. Materials and Method: 3 Primary school children of the 1st and 6th grade were joined as experimental groups and 1 school for control. 382 of the total subjects were selected among the 1st and 6th grade students who has no problems for systemic diseases or orthodontic appliance. Oral exams were done both in control group and 3 of the experimental groups, with the interview for questionnaires about the toothbrushing habits, for 2 times as before and 6months after the program at each school, in the period of May to December, in 2009. Results and Conclusion: There was no significant difference in caries experience both in permanent and deciduous dentition, in 1st grade and 6th grade between 3 experimental group and 1 control group with the equipping various type of toothbrushing unit. It revealed a little bit less in PMA, S-PHP and Snyder test in 6 months later of school based toothbrushing program both in 1st grade and 6th grade, in experimental group than in control group, but it was no significant difference in statistical (p>0.05). The frequency of toothbrushing was the most in Bongrae school, floor type toothbrushing unit, both in 1st grade and 6th grade, otherwise the most frequency for visiting at the toothbrushing unit in Namsan school, as the continuous performing the program for 4 years. There was no significant difference for visiting at the toothbrushing unit between the type of the unite, in 1st grade, but more of frequency in Kwanghee school as classroom typed than in Kwanghee school, newly established with the toothbrushing unite than in Bongrae, as with the floor typed in 6th grade student (p<0.05). The frequency of toothbrushing after lunch, was the most in Namsan school, continuos program performing, compared with the newly established toothbrushing unit, as Kwanghee and Bongrae school (p<0.05). It was recommended that toothbrushing unite would be established with the room type and it should be needed the toothbrushing instruction under the supervision of the school teacher or nurse with continuously, in order to promote the oral hygiene and health.

Engagement of Toll Like Receptor 3 Induces Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Interleukin-8 in Human Rheumatoid Synovial Fibroblasts

( Su Jin Moon ),( Mi Kyung Park ),( Hye Jwa Oh ),( Seon Yeong Lee ),( Seung Ki Kwok ),( Mi La Cho ),( Ji Hyeon Ju ),( Kyung Su Park ),( Ho Youn Kim ),( Sung Hwan Park ) 대한내과학회 2010 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.25 No.4

Background/Aims: Angiogenesis, which is a critical step in the initiation and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), involves pro-angiogenic factors, including interleukin (IL)-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We investigated the role of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in the regulation of pro-angiogenic factors in RA fibroblastlike synoviocytes (FLS). Methods: FLS were isolated from RA synovial tissues and stimulated with the TLR3 ligand, poly (I:C). The levels of VEGF and IL-8 in the culture supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and the mRNA levels were assessed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The expression patterns of VEGF and IL-8 in the RA synovium and osteoarthritis (OA) synovium were compared using immunohistochemistry. Results: The expression levels of TLR3, VEGF, and IL-8 were significantly higher in the RA synovium than in the OA synovium. VEGF and IL-8 production were increased in the culture supernatants of RA FLS stimulated with poly (I:C), and the genes for these proteins were up-regulated at the transcriptional level after poly (I:C) treatment. Treatment with inhibitors of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), i.e., pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and parthenolide, abrogated the stimulatory effect of poly (I:C) on the production of VEGF and IL-8 in RA FLS. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the activation of TLR3 in RA FLS promotes the production of proangiogenic factors, in a process that is mediated by the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, targeting the TLR3 pathway may be a promising approach to preventing pathologic angiogenesis in RA. (Korean J Intern Med 2010;25:429-435)

Efficacy of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts against Cariogenic Biofilm

Su-Kyung Jwa 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.24 No.3

Moringa oleifera leaves are beneficial for human health. Dental caries is closely related with cariogenic biofilm, which is an oral biofilm containing a high proportion of Streptococcus mutans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of the M. oleifera leaf extracts on S. mutans and formation of cariogenic biofilm. Extract from M. oleifera leaves was derived using distilled water (DW) and ethyl alcohol (EtOH). S. mutans susceptibility assays were performed for each extract. Cariogenic biofilm was formed with or without DW and EtOH extract, and cariogenic biofilm was treated with both extracts. The biofilm was observed by confocal laser microscopy, and the bacteria in the biofilm were counted. Both extracts showed antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and inhibited formation of cariogenic biofilm. The EtOH extracts exhibited anti-biofilm activity. M. oleifera leaves may be potential candidates to prevent dental caries.

학교 내 칫솔질 환경 구축이 초등학교 고학년 아동의 구강건강 및 습관에 미치는 효과

좌수경 ( Su-kyung Jwa ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2021 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.45 No.4

Objectives: This study aimed to provide basic data on the establishment of tooth brushing classrooms in elementary schools in South Korea. The basic data was gathered by investigating the upper-grade children’s oral health and brushing habits according to the tooth brushing environment in their respective elementary schools. Methods: A researcher compared the changes in dental caries and oral hygiene status with the Repeated Measure ANOVA in 137 elementary school students from three elementary schools. Results: The results of oral hygiene status, the Gingivitis Index, the use of the tooth brushing facility, and the number of times students brushed their teeth each day were all compared for all three years of the study. Group A (classroom-type), with a classroom-style tooth brushing facility next to the cafeteria, showed more improvement than Groups B (new classroom-type) and C (corridor-type). Conclusions: In order to make tooth brushing a habit, the tooth brushing facility should be constructed in the form of a classroom with good accessibility to the cafeteria. An active and practical form of education will need to be provided by the school teacher to help children form this habit.

Correlation coefficient Between gingival crevicular fluid and oral malodor

hoh, Woo-Jin Jwa, Su-Kyung An Hye-Won Cho, Ja-Won 대한임상예방치과학회 2009 International Journal of Clinical Preventive Denti Vol.5 No.1

Objectives: The correlation coefficient between each component of oral malodor and amount of gingival crevicular fluid which is known as related with gingivitis, was estimated in order to apply the oral malodor control clinically. Methods: 90 adults (Male=50, Female=40) were participated who visited at Seoul Ho Dental Clinic or the department of Preventive Dentistry in Dankook Dental Hospital. Oral examination, halitosis check, and gingival crevicular fluid at maxillary right first molar and central incisor portions were measured. Results: In the Oralchroma measurement, the average value of 37.52±84.26ppb in the Hydrogen Sulfide, 19.64±41.50ppb in Methyl Mercaptan value, and 29.77±60.57ppb in Dimethyl Sulfide was investigated. In the other hand, the rest of average measurement values were investigated with 41.31±12.09 BBV in BB checker, 29.59±31.87ppm in Attain. The average value of gingival index was calculated 0.85±0.30 and 1.69±0.92 in CPITN, otherwise GCF was estimated 52.77±15.60. Due to the correlation test results, GCF value had a correlationship with r=0.221(p<0.05) of Methyl Mercaptan, r=0.285(p<0.05) with the BB checker value, r=0.458(p<0.05) for the ATTAIN value, r=0.634(p<0.05) for Gingival index and r=0.404(p<0.05) with in the CPITN. It revealed that more gases of Hydrogen Sulfide, BBV, and Ammonia were measured in moderate periodontitis group than in mild periodontitis group(p<0.05), otherwise only Ammonia was checked more in CPITN 2 or 3 group than in CPITN 0 or 1 group(p<0.05). Conclusion: Volatile sulfur compound, BB checker value and ammonia elements increase in accordance to the periodontal health. And this finding supports that using GCF level to determine the periodontal disease patient have more valuable classification in halitosis towards the periodontal disease patient.

Ozone Impacts on Soluble Carbohydrates, Antioxidant Activity and Macro-element Concentrations in Rice Seedling

Jwa-Kyung Sung,So-Hyeon Park,Su-Yeon Lee,Ju-Young Lee,Byoung-Choon Jang,Seon-Woong Hwang,Tae-Wan Kim,Beom-Heon Song 韓國作物學會 2006 Korean journal of crop science Vol.51 No.2

The present study describes carbohydrate metabolism, macro-element utilization and antioxidant defenses in response to an ozone dose (100 ppb, 8d) in two rice varieties. Tolerant (cv. Jinpumbyeo) and sensitive (cv. Chucheongbyeo) varieties of rice were grown in growth chamber for 30 days after sowing. Concentrations of chloroplast pigments and non-structural carbohydrates as well as activity of antioxidant enzymes were determined to evaluate the resistance against ozone stress. Ozone caused the decrease in chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents, and also resulted in faster decomposition of non-structural carbohydrate in leaf blade and leaf sheath. The contents of nitrogen and potassium in leaves were visibly decreased in cv. Chucheongbyeo with an increase in ozone exposure, but not in cv. Jinpumbyeo. Enzymatic antioxidants against ROS in both varieties responded in the order of POD, SOD and CAT, and their capacity was stronger in cv. Jinpumbyeo.

UV-B-Induced Changes in Carbohydrate Content and Antioxidant Activity in Rice Seedling

Jwa-Kyung Sung,Su-Yeon Lee,So-Hyun Park,Byoung-Choon Jang,Sang-Min Lee,Yong-Hwan Lee,Du-Hoi Choi,Beom-Heon Song 韓國作物學會 2005 Korean journal of crop science Vol.50 No.2

The effects of UV-B radiation on the seedling growth, carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidants activities of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were investigated under environmentally controlled chamber. Supplementary UV-B radiation reduced dry matter as well as leaf area, there-fore, relative growth rates (RGR) of seedlings were decreased by up to half compared to control. Photosynthetic products such as soluble sugars and starch were rapidly and significantly reduced by within 1 day of enhanced UV-B radiation due to the inhibition and degradation of photosynthetic processes and thylakoid membrane integrity. In our study, nonstructural carbohydrate levels were proved to be a main indicator on UV-B-induced stress. The behavior of SOD, CAT, APX and POD activities was monitored in the leaves of rice seedlings subjected to UV-B radiation. Under UV-B treatments, SOD activity was initially increased, whereas CAT and POD activities were slowly and slightly increased. However, APX activity showed no presumable results with an increase of UV-B dose. In leaves of rice seedlings, supplementary UV-B radiation caused an increase in free putrescine and spermidine, however spermine remained unaltered, although 24-hrs UV-B treatment slightly increased. This result presumes that an excess UV-B dose may induce ethylene biosynthesis (senescence) rather than polyamine biosynthesis (defense).

Changes in Carbohydrate, Phenolics and Polyamines of Pepper Plants under Elevated-UV-B Radiation

Jwa-Kyung Sung,Su-Yeon Lee,Jae-Hong Park,Sang-Min Lee,Yong-Hwan Lee,Du-Hoi Choi,Tae-Wan Kim,Beom-Heon, Song 한국토양비료학회 2008 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.41 No.1

Pepper plants (Capsicum annuum, cv. Manitta) were subjected to different intensities of UV-B radiation to understand alterations of primary- and secondary-metabolism such as carbohydrates, phenolic compounds and polyamines. UV-B doses with a UV-B lamp (1.2 W m-2) were adjusted between 0 to 9 hr. The soluble sugars and starch contents in pepper leaves were highly influenced by UV-B treatment. The soluble sugars altered from 6.7 mg g-1 fw to 5.2 mg g-1 fw after 9 hrs of UV-B exposure. The starch contents after 3 hrs of UV-B exposure changed from 17.7 mg g-1 fw to 12.3 mg g-1 fw and then remained unchanged. The absorbance of UV-absorbing compounds reached initially maximum at all wavelengths read. On the basis of this result, we analyzed total phenolics, anthocyanin and simple free phenolic acids. Anthocyanin and free phenolic acids responded sensitively with a steady increase during UV-B treatment, although anthocyanin contents declined highly after 3 hrs of treatment. Whereas, there is no alteration of total phenolics (as gallic acid equivalent) caused by UV-B. Free polyamine levels in leaves increased rapidly and highly when UV-B was treated. The most prominent changes in polyamine induction were putrescine and spermidine (+ 70 %) after 3 hrs and spermine (+ 150 %) after 6 hrs.

Effect of UV-B Radiation on the Leaf Growth of Rice Seedling

Jwa-Kyung Sung(성좌경),Su-Yeon Lee(이수연),Tae-Wan Kim(김태완),Seon-Woong Hwang(황선웅),Moon-Hee Park(박문희),Beom-Heon Song(송범헌) 한국토양비료학회 2004 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.37 No.1