Recolonization of benthic macroinvertebrates after anthropogenic disturbance in natural streams, South Korea

Seung-phil Chun,Seung-hoon Chon,Seung-oh Lee,Jang-hyuk Im,Woo-kyun Lee,Myoung-chul Kim 한국환경생태학회 2015 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Stream ecosystems are closely related to many human activities. Therefore, streams are affected by anthropogenic disturbances such as riverine development and gravel-mining as well as deterioration of water quality. The goal of this study was to elucidate the recolonization process of the macroinvertebrate community after a small-scale anthropogenic disturbance. Field studies were conducted at three sites in a natural stream. The number of recolonizing species tended to increase slightly over time, exceeding the total species number of the control. Ephemeroptera contributed the most to shaping the recolonizing pattern of the entire community. From the result of changes in dominant species, the early recolonizers of each site were the species that showed more frequent occurrence particulary at each sites. But the late recolonizers are Chironomidae at all the sites commonly. This result implies that the actual differences exist among the recolonizing trends of each benthic macroinvertebrate taxon. Collector-gatherers and scrapers comprised about 70% of the recolonizing species. These results indicate that the recolonizing process of an aquatic community after an artificial disturbance depends on the environmental conditions(particularly substratum composition or organic pollution) of the habitat.

EMG Activities of Vastus Muscles are Related to the Shoe-heel Heights in Female Patients with Patellofemoral Pain

Chon, Seung-Chul,Lee, Byung-Ki,Yoon, Tae-Hyung The Korea Contents Association 2010 International Journal of Contents Vol.6 No.1

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different shoe-heel heights on the surface electromyographic (EMG) activity of vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) during treadmill walking in female patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP). Nineteen women with PFP participated in this research. EMG signals were recorded from the VM and VL of both sides and were compared during the treadmill walking. The subjects walked on a treadmill wearing shoes of three different heel heights: 1 cm, 3 cm and 7 cm. Each subject walked on a treadmill for five minutes at a speed of 2 km/hour with three minutes resting intervals between consecutive trials. The data were analyzed by one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. The results of the present study indicate that EMG data of the VM and VL of female patients with PFP did improve with an increase in the height of the shoe heel, which were statistically significant. Additionally, the EMG activity of VM increased more dramatically than that of VL associated with the task of walking with high-heeled shoes on the treadmill. This study suggests that the type of high-heeled shoes is related to the VM and VL muscle activation patterns contributing to knee joint pathologies in female patients with PFP.

EMG Activities of Vastus Muscles are Related to the Shoe-heel Heights in Female Patients with Patellofemoral Pain

Seung-Chul Chon,Byung- Ki Lee,Tae-Hyung Yoon 한국콘텐츠학회 2010 International Journal of Contents Vol.6 No.1

Recolonization of benthic macroinvertebrates after anthropogenic disturbance in natural streams, South Korea

( Seung Phil Chun ),( Seung Hoon Chon ),( Seung Oh Lee ),( Jang Hyuk Im ),( Woo Kyun Lee ),( Myoung Chul Kim ) 한국환경생태학회 2015 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Stream ecosystems are closely related to many human activities. Therefore, streams are affected by anthropogenic disturbances such as riverine development and gravel-mining as well as deterioration of water quality. The goal of this study was to elucidate the recolonization process of the macroinvertebrate community after a small-scale anthropogenic disturbance. Field studies were conducted at three sites in a natural stream. The number of recolonizing species tended to increase slightly over time, exceeding the total species number of the control. Ephemeroptera contributed the most to shaping the recolonizing pattern of the entire community. From the result of changes in dominant species, the early recolonizers of each site were the species that showed more frequent occurrence particulary at each sites. But the late recolonizers are Chironomidae at all the sites commonly. This result implies that the actual differences exist among the recolonizing trends of each benthic macroinvertebrate taxon. Collector-gatherers and scrapers comprised about 70% of the recolonizing species. These results indicate that the recolonizing process of an aquatic community after an artificial disturbance depends on the environmental conditions(particularly substratum composition or organic pollution) of the habitat.

길항근 수축이 결합된 등척성 수축 후 신장 방법이 근력 및 유연성에 미치는 영향

천승철(Seung Chul Chon),장기연(Ki Yeon Chang) 한국사회체육학회 2010 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.40

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of post-isometric contraction stretching combined with antagonist muscle contraction on muscle strength and flexibility using electromyography (EMG) and ultrasound imaging (USI). Healthy adults were recruited. The static stretching and post-isometric contraction stretching combined with antagonist muscle contraction method was applied to each groups, respectively. Muscle activation using surface EMG, range of motion (ROM) using goniometer, and pennation angle (PA) using USI were measured in the hamstring muscle in pre- /post-tests. Data was presented descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and independent t-test through SPSS 12.0. The paired t-test showed that the amplitude of muscle activation was significantly improved at post-isometric contraction stretching combined with antagonist muscle contraction (p=0.00), whereas was not significant at static stretching (p=0.44), the ROM and the PA were significantly improved both groups, respectively (p=0.00). The independent t-test was significant improved at post-test between two groups (p=0.05). Our findings suggest that the post-isometric contraction stretching combined with antagonist muscle contraction was effective in management of muscle strength and flexibility compared to the static stretching. Additionally, the PA using USI was useful of measuring the flexibility.

보상작용 억제와 피드백을 제공한 가상현실 치료가 만성 뇌졸중 편마비 환자의 상지기능에 미치는 영향

천승철(Seung-chul Chon),장기연(Ki-yeon Chang) 한국전문물리치료학회 2011 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality (VR) therapy with compensation inhibition and feedback (CIF) on upper extremity function in chronic stroke patients. Seven chronic stroke patients participated in this study, which was a randomized controlled trial with a crossover design. Self upper extremity exercise, conservative VR therapy, and VR therapy with CIF were performed for one hour per session, 5 times per week, over a 3 week period. The main outcome measures involved range of motion (ROM) including shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints, a Manual Function Test (MFT), and a Motor Activity Log (MAL). Data were calculated as posttest and pretest changes in every session and were analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests at p<.05. The results were as follows: 1) Statistically significant increase in ROM measurements of shoulder and elbow joints were seen with VR therapy with CIF compared to VR therapy and self upper extremity exercise (p<.05), whereas no significant increasing was noted for the wrist joint (p>.05). 2) Statistically significant increase in the MFT was seen with VR therapy with CIF compared with VR therapy and self upper extremity exercise (p<.05). 3) VR therapy with CIF also resulted in statistically significant increase in both activity of use (AOU) (p<.05) and quality of movement (QOM) (p<.05) on the MAL test when compared with VR therapy and self upper extremity exercise, respectively. In conclusion, VR therapy with CIF was more effective than conservative VR therapy and self upper extremity exercise in improving the upper extremity function in hemiplegic patients with chronic stroke.

에비안스 함베르크 스트레칭 방법이 고관절의 능동 가동범위와 우모각에 미치는 영향

천승철(Seung-chul Chon),장기연(Ki-yeon Chang) 한국전문물리치료학회 2010 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.17 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Evjenth-Hamberg stretching on the active range of motion (ROM) of the hip joint and the pennation angle of the semitendinosus muscle. Eighty healthy adults articipated in this study. The active ROM of the hip joint was measured by a goniometer and the pennation angle of the semitendinosus muscle was measured by ultrasonographic imaging (USI). Both ROM and pennation angle were recorded before and after the static stretching and the Evjenth-Hamberg stretching, respectively. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test at p<.05. The results were as follows: 1) The active ROM of the hip joint increased significantly after both stretching interventions compared with the baseline (p<.001). However, the active ROM of the hip joint increased significantly in Evjenth-Hamberg stretching compared with static stretching. 2) The pennation angle decreased significantly after both stretching interventions compared with the baseline (p<.001). However, the pennation angle decreased significantly in Evjenth-Hamberg stretching compared with static stretching. 3) Reliability data showed that there was a high consistency in USI measurements ICC=.978. Our findings suggest that the Evjenth-Hamberg stretching was more effective than static stretching in increasing the active ROM of the hip joint and decreasing the pelmation angle of the semitendinosus muscle.

수중운동이 중추신경계 질환자의 보행거리 및 보행시간에 미치는 영향

천승철(Seung Chul Chon) 한국사회체육학회 2010 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.40

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aquatic exercise on gait distance and gait speed of patients with central nerve system disease(PCNS). A total of 40 subjects voluntarily participated in this study, twenty in each of the two exercise groups: one for aquatic exercise(AE), and the other for general exercise(GE). Each group was tested with gait analysis(Walkway MG-1000), which was performed(provided) in pre-/post interventions. The parameters used for gait distance were stride length, step length, step width, and foot angle, and for gait speed were stride time, stance time, swing time, double stance time, gait speed, and cadence. Data was presented in descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and independent t-test through SPSS 12.0. AE was significantly improved in gait distance except foot angle(p<0.05) as well as in gait speed(p<0.05). Our findings suggest that AE is effective in management of gait distance and gait speed on PCNS. However, it should be complemented for a specific movement such as foot angle as well as in a non-gravity environment as in water.

두경부 굴곡 운동이 만성 경부통 근로자의 통증 및 경장근 단면적에 미치는 영향

천승철(Seung-Chul Chon),장기연(Ki-Yeon Chang) 대한인간공학회 2010 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.29 No.6

This study compared the effects of craniocervical flexion exercise with conservative cervical flexion exercise in workers with chronic neck pain. Subjects were randomly allocated to two groups: control (n=20) and experimental group (n=20), respectively. The conservative exercise for the control group consisted of cervical flexion exercise, whereas the experimental group performed a craniocervical flexion exercise. To compare the two groups, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for a pain, neck disability index (NDI) for a neck disability scale, and cross sectional area (CSA) of longus colli muscle using ultrasound image were assessed on pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 2 weeks follow-up. 2-way repeated ANOVA was used with Bonferroni post-hoc test. (1) There were significant main effects (within and between groups) (p<0.05) and interaction effect (p<0.05) in VAS. Post-hoc test revealed that there were significant differences in all pair-wise comparisons. (2) There were significant main effects (within and between groups) (p<0.05) and interaction effect (p<0.05) in NDI. Post-hoc test revealed that there were significant differences between pre-intervention and post-intervention, pre-intervention and 2 weeks follow-up. (3) There were significant main effects (within and between groups) (p<0.05) and interaction effect (p<0.05) in CSA of longus colli muscle. Post-hoc test revealed that there were significant differences in all pair-wise comparisons. The findings indicate that craniocervical flexion exercise are more effective for improving pain, neck disability, and CSA of longus colli muscle than cervical flexion exercise in workers with chronic neck pain.

Recolonization of benthic macroinvertebrates after anthropogenic disturbance in natural streams, South Korea

Chun, Seung-Phil,Chon, Seung-Hoon,Lee, Seung-Oh,Im, Jang-Hyuk,Lee, Woo-Kyun,Kim, Myoung-Chul Korean Society of Environment and Ecology 2015 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Stream ecosystems are closely related to many human activities. Therefore, streams are affected by anthropogenic disturbances such as riverine development and gravel-mining as well as deterioration of water quality. The goal of this study was to elucidate the recolonization process of the macroinvertebrate community after a small-scale anthropogenic disturbance. Field studies were conducted at three sites in a natural stream. The number of recolonizing species tended to increase slightly over time, exceeding the total species number of the control. Ephemeroptera contributed the most to shaping the recolonizing pattern of the entire community. From the result of changes in dominant species, the early recolonizers of each site were the species that showed more frequent occurrence particulary at each sites. But the late recolonizers are Chironomidae at all the sites commonly. This result implies that the actual differences exist among the recolonizing trends of each benthic macroinvertebrate taxon. Collector-gatherers and scrapers comprised about 70% of the recolonizing species. These results indicate that the recolonizing process of an aquatic community after an artificial disturbance depends on the environmental conditions(particularly substratum composition or organic pollution) of the habitat.