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Single-Electron-Based Flexible Multivalued Exclusive-<small>or</small> Logic Gate
Sang-Jin Kim,Chang-Keun Lee,Rae-Sik Chung,Eun-Sil Park,Seung-Jun Shin,Jung-Bum Choi,Yun-Seop Yu,Nam-Soo Kim,Hyung Gyoo Lee,Keun-Hyung Park IEEE 2009 IEEE transactions on electron devices Vol.56 No.5
<P>By using two symmetrical sidewall gates, we implemented a Si-based single-electron exclusive- OR (XOR) gate and reported on the first flexible multivalued (MV) functionality. A grayscale contour plot of the output voltages displays alternating high/low values as a function of two single-electron transistor (SET) input voltages. Their voltage transfer characteristics display typical XOR or XNOR gate function depending on input voltages for binary, MV, and binary-MV mixed-modes. This flexible two-input XOR gate, combined with the previously reported NAND/NOR gates, provide three basic arithmetic blocks for the SET-based MV logic gate family.</P>
Sung Keun Park(Sung Keun Park),Ju Young Jung(Ju Young Jung),Min-Ho Kim(Min-Ho Kim),Chang-Mo Oh(Chang-Mo Oh),Eunhee Ha(Eunhee Ha),Eun Hye Yang(Eun Hye Yang),Hyo Choon Lee(Hyo Choon Lee),Soonsu Shin(Soo 한국역학회 2023 Epidemiology and Health Vol.45 No.-
OBJECTIVES: Proteinuria is widely used to predict cardiovascular risk. However, there is insufficient evidence to predict how changes in proteinuria may affect the incidence of cardiovascular disease. METHODS: The study included 265,236 Korean adults who underwent health checkups in 2003-2004 and 2007-2008. They were categorized into 4 groups based on changes in proteinuria (negative: negative → negative; resolved: proteinuria ≥1+ → negative; incident: negative → proteinuria ≥1+; persistent: proteinuria ≥1+ → proteinuria ≥1+). We conducted 6 years of follow-up to identify the risks of developing ischemic heart disease (IHD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and angina pectoris according to changes in proteinuria. A multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident IHD, AMI, and angina pectoris. RESULTS: The IHD risk (expressed as HR [95% CI]) was the highest for persistent proteinuria, followed in descending order by incident and resolved proteinuria, compared with negative proteinuria (negative: reference, resolved: 1.211 [95% CI, 1.104 to 1.329], incident: 1.288 [95% CI, 1.184 to 1.400], and persistent: 1.578 [95% CI, 1.324 to 1.881]). The same pattern was associated with AMI (negative: reference, resolved: 1.401 [95% CI, 1.048 to 1.872], incident: 1.606 [95% CI, 1.268 to 2.035], and persistent: 2.069 [95% CI, 1.281 to 3.342]) and angina pectoris (negative: reference, resolved: 1.184 [95% CI, 1.065 to 1.316], incident: 1.275 [95% CI, 1.160 to 1.401], and persistent: 1.554 [95% CI, 1.272 to 1.899]). CONCLUSIONS: Experiencing proteinuria increased the risks of IHD, AMI, and angina pectoris even after proteinuria resolved.
Sang Yun Shin,Jin Seok Kim,Jong Keun Lim,Jee Sook Hahn,Woo Ick Yang,Chang Ok Suh 대한내과학회 2006 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.21 No.2
Primary hepatic lymphoma is a rare disorder representing less than 1% of all extranodal lymphomas. Histological examination of a primary hepatic lymphoma usually reveals a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; there have been few reports of primary hepatic mucosa
TATS: an Efficient Technique for Computing Temporal Aggregates for Data Warehousing
Shin, Young-Ok,Park, Sung-Kong,Baik, Doo-Kwon,Ryu, Keun-Ho Electronics and Telecommunications Research Instit 2000 ETRI Journal Vol.22 No.3
An important use of data warehousing is to provide temporal views over the history of source data. It is significant that nearly all data warehouses are dependent on relational database technology, yet relational databases provide little or no real support for temporal data. Therefore, in is difficult to obtain accurate information for time-varying data. In this paper, we are going to design a temporal data warehouse to support time-varying data efficiently. For this purpose, we present a method to support temporal query by combining a temporal query process layer with the relational database which is used as a source database in an existing data warehouse. We introduce the Temporal Aggregate Tree Strategy (TATS), and suggest its algorithm for the way to aggregate the time-varying data that is changed by the time when the temporal view is created. In addition, The TATS and the materialized view creation method of the existing data warehouse have been evaluated. As a result, the TATS reduces the size of the fact table and it shows a good performance for the comparison factor in case of processing the query for time-varying data.
Shin, Jong Ho,Lee, Yang Soo,Lee, Young Mi,Han, Sang Sub,Song, Bong Keun 한국목재공학회 2000 목재공학 Vol.28 No.4
Two wood decay ascomycetes fungi identified as Hypoxylon mammatum and H. truncatum were isolated from backyard of Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) in Korea. Hypoxylon truncatum is newly recorded as a wood degrader in Korea. Unusual germination mechanisms of ascospores in H. mammatum and H. truncatum are described and illustrated. The differences between two species were noticed on the process of germ tube formation. In the process of germ tube formation, the fast movement to pigmented ascospores activated from their perispores was termed as spore eclosion that was only found in H. mammatum. This sophisticated recognition mechanism indicated the existence of specific eclosion and germ tube formation due to the composition of cell wall layers and their preferable host derive, based on examined two species under a genus. The observation on present study postulates different composition of wall layers of ascospore and different nutrient composition for germination.
Shin, Mi-Kyung,Yi, Hyeon-Gyu,Kwon, Yong-Hyun,Lee, Sung-Keun,Lim, Woo-Sung,Park, Chang-Shin,Kang, Ju-Hee The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2007 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.3 No.4
The effects of common variants of CYP1A2 gene (CYP1A2$^*$1C and CYP1A2$^*$1F) on the CYP1A2 activity and inducibility were controversial. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of CYP1A2$^*$1C and CYP1A2$^*$1F on the activity of CYP1A2 determined by urinary caffeine metabolite ratio in Koreans. As might be expected, there was large inter-individual variation (16-folds) of CYP1A2 activity ranged from 2.41 to 39.58. The mean CYP1A2 activity of smokers was significantly higher than that of non-smokers. The frequencies of CYP1A2$^*$1C (-3858A) and $^*$1F (-164A) alleles were 0.219 and 0.646, respectively. The effect of CYP1A2$^*$1C on the CYP1A2 activity was not significant. However, the CYP1A2 activity of subjects with AA genotype for CYP1A2$^*$1F allele was significantly lower than that of non-AA genotypes (CC, or CA). Interestingly, the significant effect of CYP1A2$^*$1F allele on CYP1A2 activity was not observed in nonsmokers. Our results suggest that CYP1A2$^*$1F allele rather than CYP1A2$^*$1C allele significantly influences on the inducibility of CYP1A2 in Koreans. Owing to small sample size of our study, further studies should be conducted to reveal the inter-ethnic difference or the gene-environmental interaction.
Shin, Gwi-Su,Hwang, Sung-Won,Kim, Keun-Joo The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2003 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.4 No.5
Time-resolved photoluminescence from InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well structures was investigated for two different shapes of square-and trapezoidal wells grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. To compare to the conventional square well structure with a radiative recombination lifetime of 0.170 nsec, the large value of lifetime of 0.540 nsec from trapezoidal well were found at room temperature. This value is similar to the value for GaN host material indicating no confinement effect of quantum well. Furthermore, the high resolution transmission electron microscopy image provides the In clustering effect in the trapezoidal well structure.
Shin, Tae-Yong,Kim, Sang-Hyun,Kim, Dae-Keun,Leem, Kang-Hyun,Park, Jeong-Suk John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2008 Phytotherapy research Vol.22 No.2
<P>The effect of an aqueous extract of Phlomis umbrosa Turcz. (Labiatae) root (PUAE) on mast cell-dependent allergic reactions and inflammatory cytokine secretion were investigated. PUAE (0.01–1 g/kg) inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic allergic reaction. When PUAE was employed in a systemic allergic reaction test, the plasma histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. PUAE (0.1 and 1 g/kg) also significantly inhibited the local allergic reaction activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. PUAE (0.001–1 mg/mL) dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. PUAE (0.01–1 mg/mL) inhibited the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1&bgr; in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated human mast cell line (HMC-1) cells. PUAE (1 mg/mL) inhibited the gene expression and production of the main inflammatory cytokine, TNF-&agr;, in HMC-1 cells. These results provide evidence that PUAE may be beneficial in the treatment of allergic diseases. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>