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Hyun Park,Woo‑Jin Lee,Jae‑Han Son,Han‑Kyun Shin,Sung‑Kyu Hong,Hyo‑Jong Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.8
We introduce a cost-effective method that combines electroplating with metal cold working processes to manufacture compositetubes with robust corrosion resistance. First, a 3-step electroplating process was developed to form an adhesive anduniform Ag coating on the outer wall of a 304 stainless steel tube. The process consisted of a Ni-strike step for removing thepassivation layer of the initial 304 tube, Cu deposition for smoothing the surface by adding a buffer layer, and Ag deposition. To reinforce the interfacial adhesion between the electroplated layers and the 304 tube and increase the area of the Ag coating,a pilger rolling or pilger rolling + heat-treatment process was performed after the Ag electroplating process. Scanningelectron microscopy of the composite tubes after each process indicated that the as-deposited Ag coating changed fromhaving a rough to smooth surface after only pilger rolling and with additional heat treatment. Electron backscatter diffractionanalysis of the microstructures and textures of the tubes revealed that dynamic recrystallization occurred extensively duringpilger rolling, resulting in the formation of a relatively defect-free grain structure without heat treatment. Furthermore,electrochemical polarization curves determined that the Ag-coated composite tubes are superior to the uncoated 304 tubein terms of corrosion resistance under Cl−atmosphere, owing to the formation of a AgCl passivation layer during testing. Surface analysis of the composite tubes suggests that the properties of the AgCl passivation layer are related to the grainsize of the Ag coating and the density of plastic-deformation-induced defects.
Sang?Il Na,Suk Young Hong,Yi?Hyun Kim,Kyoung?Do Lee,So?Young Jang 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.4
Leaf area index (LAI) is important in explaining the ability of crops to intercept solar energy for biomass production, amount of plant transpiration, and in understanding the impact of crop management practices on crop growth. This paper describes a procedure for estimating LAI as a function of image?derived vegetation indices from temporal series of RapidEye imagery obtained from 2010 to 2012 using empirical models in a rice plain in Seosan, Chungcheongnam?do. Rice plants were sampled every two weeks to investigate LAI, fresh and dry biomass from late May to early October. RapidEye images were taken from June to September every year and corrected geometrically and atmospherically to calculate normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Linear, exponential, and expolinear models were developed to relate temporal satellite NDVIs to measured LAI. The expolinear model provided more accurate results to predict LAI than linear or exponential models based on root mean square error. The LAI distribution was in strong agreement with the field measurements in terms of geographical variation and relative numerical values when RapidEye imagery was applied to expolinear model. The spatial trend of LAI corresponded with the variation in the vegetation growth condition.
Young-Chul Kim,Hyun-Hee Chae,Sang-Heock Oh,Seung-Ho Choi2,Moon-Pyo Hong3,Gi-Heum Nam,Jae-Yoon Choi,Hyun-Sook Choi,Kyu-Song Lee 한국환경생태학회 2015 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.29 No.2
Yongneup wetland protected area, the only high moor in Korea, is a core area to conserve biodiversity. Even though the Yongneup wetland protected area is relatively small, various plant species are distributed in the Yongneup wetland protected area because it includes various habitats showing different environmental gradients. Vascular plants distributed in the Yongneup wetland protected area were identified as a total of 376 taxa that is composed of 73 families, 217 genera, 322 species, 3 subspecies, 44 varieties and 7 forms. For endangered plants designated by the Ministry of Environment, 5 species including Trientalis europaea var. arctica, Lilium dauricum, Halenia corniculata, Lychnis wilfordii and Menyanthes trifoliata were found and 34 taxa were confirmed to be distributed only in the mountainous wetland habitats. Regarding naturalized plants, a total of 11 taxa were distributed, but most of them were distributed in the areas where artificial interference has occurred. And in areas inside the wetlands that are relatively well preserved, 2 species of Bidens frondosa and Erigeron annuus were observed. In this study, the occurrence and distribution of Pseudostellaria baekdusanensis M. Kim, which was recently found in Mt. Baekdu and reported as a new species, were identified in the Yongneup wetland protected area. A wetland is a very vulnerable area to drastic environmental changes and damages to its ecosystem could cause the extinction of rare plant species which are distributed only in the wetlands. Therefore, it is mandatory that current status of the Yongneup wetland protected area is evaluated and actions to prevent rapid environmental changes are taken. Fourteen separate investigations were conducted in 2013 and another four in 2014, to evaluate current status of the Yongneup wetland protected area. These investigations have provided us the basic information for future actions of conservation and restoration.
Park, Jinbong,Jeon, Yong-Deok,Kim, Hye-Lin,Lim, Hara,Jung, Yunu,Youn, Dong-Hyun,Jeong, Mi-Young,Kim, Hyun-Ju,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Kim, Su-Jin,Hong, Seung-Heon,Um, Jae-Young Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2013 No.-
<P>Obesity has become a major health threat in developed countries. However, current medications for obesity are limited because of their adverse effects. Interest in natural products for the treatment of obesity is thus rapidly growing. Korean Medicine (KM) is characterized by the wide use of herbal formulas. However, the combination rule of herbal formulas in KM lacks experimental evidence. According to <I>Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica</I>, the earliest book of herbal medicine, <I>Veratrum nigrum</I> (VN) has antagonistic features against <I>Panax ginseng</I> (PG), and the PG-VN pair is strictly forbidden. In this study, we have shown the effects of PG, VN, and their combination on obesity in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese mice and in 3T3-L1 cells. PG, VN, and PG-VN combination significantly reduced weight gain and the fat pad weight in HF diet-induced obese mice. They also significantly decreased lipid accumulation and the expressions of two major adipogenesis factors, PPAR<I><I>γ</I></I> and C/EBP<I><I>α</I></I>, in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, the PG-VN combination had synergistic effects compared with the mixture of extracts of PG and VN on inhibition of PPAR<I><I>γ</I></I> and C/EBP<I><I>α</I></I> expressions at lower doses. These results indicate a new potential anti-obese pharmacotherapy and also provide scientific evidence supporting the usage of herbal combinations instead of mixtures in KM.</P>
Recent Advance in Colon Capsule Endoscopy: What’s New?
Sung Noh Hong,Sun Hyung Kang,Hyun Joo Jang,Michael B. Wallace 대한소화기내시경학회 2018 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.51 No.4
Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is a relatively new diagnostic procedure for patients with suspected colonic diseases. This convenient,noninvasive method enables the physician to explore the entire colon without significant discomfort to the patient. However, while CCEcan be performed painlessly without bowel air insufflation, the need for vigorous bowel preparation and other technical limitationsexist. Due to such limitations, CCE has not replaced conventional colonoscopy. In this review, we discuss historical and recentadvances in CCE including technical issues, ideal bowel preparation, indications and contraindications and highlight further technicaladvancements and clinical studies which are needed to develop CCE as a potential diagnostic tool.
Hong, Sung Chul,Nguyen-Thai, Ngoc Uyen,Hong, Soo Bong,Kang, Phil-Hyun The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.22 No.36
<P>In this work, a block copolymer as an initiator- and monomer-free UV-cross-linked component for the controlled <I>in situ</I> gelation of electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is proposed. This block copolymer consists of one block of <I>p</I>-hydroxystyrene units and the other block with poly(ethylene oxide-<I>co</I>-propylene oxide) side chains. This block copolymer is successfully prepared by means of nitroxide-mediated polymerization, imidization reactions and successive hydrolysis reactions. When a homogeneous mixture of this copolymer and a typical liquid electrolyte (LE) is irradiated with UV, the cross-linking is efficient and controlled. The electrolyte in the DSSCs transforms <I>in situ</I> to a gel polymer electrolyte when exposed to UV, affording DSSCs with a relatively high initial solar-to-electricity energy conversion efficiency (<I>η</I>) and improved long-term stability that is significantly greater than that of the DSSCs with LE. These results demonstrate that the electrolyte system containing the UV-cross-linked block copolymer improves the long-term performance of DSSCs and contributes to the development of efficient and stable DSSCs.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A block copolymer as an initiator- and monomer-free UV-cross-linked component for the controlled <I>in situ</I> gelation of electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2jm32526h'> </P>
Factor Ⅰ(C3b Inactivator)Polymorphism in Korean Population
Hong, Sung Soo,Lee, Chung Choo,Hong, Seung Ho,Kim, Hyun Sup,Lee, Kyung Lyong 한국유전학회 1989 Genes & Genomics Vol.11 No.4
Genetic polymorphism of human Factor I in Korean population was studied using polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (pH5-8) followed by immunoblotting technique. Among the 463 unrelated individuals, three phenotypes, FI A type (1.51%), FI AB (13.61%) and FI B (84.88%), were observed. Gene frequencies of FI^*A and FI^*B were estimated to be 0.0831 and 0.9169, respectively. In comparison with other population data, we may be assumed that the FI^*A allele frequency indicates a west-to-east geographical cline, ranging from France (0.0062) through Korea (0.0831) to Japan (0.1109). Therefore, these findings suggest that Factor I is very useful marker for population genetics and anthropogenetical studies.
One-Pot Enzymatic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide and Utilization for Improved Microbial Growth
Hong, Sung-Gil,Jeon, Hancheol,Kim, Han Sol,Jun, Seung-Hyun,Jin, EonSeon,Kim, Jungbae American Chemical Society 2015 Environmental science & technology Vol.49 No.7
<P>We developed a process for one-pot CO<SUB>2</SUB> conversion and utilization based on simple conversion of CO<SUB>2</SUB> to bicarbonate at ambient temperature with no energy input, by using the cross-linking-based composites of carboxylated polyaniline nanofibers (cPANFs) and carbonic anhydrase. Carbonic anhydrase was immobilized on cPANFs via the approach of magnetically separable enzyme precipitate coatings (Mag-EPC), which consists of covalent enzyme attachment, enzyme precipitation, and cross-linking with amine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. Mag-EPC showed a half-life of 236 days under shaking, even resistance to 70% ethanol sterilization, and recyclability via facile magnetic separation. For one-pot CO<SUB>2</SUB> conversion and utilization, Mag-EPC was used to accelerate the growth of microalga by supplying bicarbonate from CO<SUB>2</SUB>, representing 1.8-fold increase of cell concentration when compared to the control sample. After two repeated uses via simple magnetic separation, the cell concentration with Mag-EPC was maintained as high as the first cycle. This one-pot CO<SUB>2</SUB> conversion and utilization is an alternative as well as complementary process to adsorption-based CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture and storage as an environmentally friendly approach, demanding no energy input based on the effective action of the stabilized enzyme system.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2015/esthag.2015.49.issue-7/es505143f/production/images/medium/es-2014-05143f_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/es505143f'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>