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$C_{x}F_{y}$ Polymer Film Deposition in rf and dc $C_{7}F_{16}$ Vapor Plasmas
Sakai, Y.,Akazawa, M.,Sakai, Yosuke,Sugawara, H.,Tabata, M.,Lungu, C.P.,Lungu, A.M. The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2001 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.2 No.1
$C_{x}F_{y}$ polymer film was deposited in rf and dc Fluorinert vapor ($C_{7}F_{16}$) plasmas. In the plasma phase, the spatial distribution of optical emission spectra and the temporal concentration of decomposed species were monitored, and kinetics of the $C_{7}F_{16}$ decomposition process was discussed. Deposition of $C_{x}F_{y}$ film has been tried on substrates of stainless steel, glass, molybdenum and silicon wafers at room temperature in the vapor pressures of 40 and 100 Pa. The films deposited in the rf plasma showed excellent electrical properties as an insulator for multi-layered interconnection of deep-submicron LSI, i.e. the low dielectric constant ∼2.0, the dielectric strength ∼2 MV/cm and the high deposition rate ∼100nm/min at 100W input power.
Effect of Activator on Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching of White Ledger
Sakai, Kokki,Kondo, Ryuichiro,Ahn, Byoung Jun,Paik, Ki Hyon 한국공업화학회 2001 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.7 No.5
The effectiveness of novel activators in the hydrogen peroxide bleaching of white ledger was investigated. With the addition of 1% sodium persulfate, 4% Prestogen EB, and thiourea(molar ratio to residual hydrogen peroxide=1/2) to hydrogen peroxide bleaching, the brightness of the bleached pulps increased by up to 2∼3 points when compared to hydrogen peroxide bleaching with conventional activators. The effectiveness of the activators in enhancing the brightness was in the order of Prestogen EB, thioruea, sodium persulfate and silicates. The strengths of the pulps bleached by hydrogen peroxide with the novel activators were slightly lower or similar to those of the pulps bleached by conventional hydrogen peroxide. In particular, the addition of sodium persulfate produced a more marked decrease in the tensile index of the bleached pulp. Accordingly, sequential oxidative and reductive bleaching with the addition of thiourea to the residual hydrogen peroxide was found to be most effective in view of th bleaching chemical cost, brightness gains, and strength of the bleached pulps.
Conclusions and Suggestions on Low-Dose and Low-Dose Rate Radiation Risk Estimation Methodology
Sakai, Kazuo,Yamada, Yutaka,Yoshida, Kazuo,Yoshinaga, Shinji,Sato, Kaoru,Ogata, Hiromitsu,Iwasaki, Toshiyasu,Kudo, Shin'ichi,Asada, Yasuki,Kawaguchi, Isao,Haeno, Hiroshi,Sasaki, Michiya The Korean Association for Radiation Protection 2021 방사선방어학회지 Vol.46 No.1
Background: For radiological protection and control, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) provides the nominal risk coefficients related to radiation exposure, which can be extrapolated using the excess relative risk and excess absolute risk obtained from the Life Span Study of atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki with the dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF). Materials and Methods: Since it is impossible to directly estimate the radiation risk at doses less than approximately 100 mSv only from epidemiological knowledge and data, support from radiation biology is absolutely imperative, and thus, several national and international bodies have advocated the importance of bridging knowledge between biology and epidemiology. Because of the accident at the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO)'s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station in 2011, the exposure of the public to radiation has become a major concern and it was considered that the estimation of radiation risk should be more realistic to cope with the prevailing radiation exposure situation. Results and Discussion: To discuss the issues from wide aspects related to radiological protection, and to realize bridging knowledge between biology and epidemiology, we have established a research group to develop low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation risk estimation methodology, with the permission of the Japan Health Physics Society. Conclusion: The aim of the research group was to clarify the current situation and issues related to the risk estimation of low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation exposure from the viewpoints of different research fields, such as epidemiology, biology, modeling, and dosimetry, to identify a future strategy and roadmap to elucidate a more realistic estimation of risk against low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation exposure.
Sakai, Koki 한국목재공학회 1992 목재공학 Vol.20 No.3
The application of white-rot fungi to pulping and bleaching processes has been studied at the Wood Chemistry Laboratory in Kyushu University, cooperatively with the Biotechnology Laboratory of Kobe Steel, Ltd. Some successful results of the studies for a biomechanical pulping process, biobleaching of hardwood and softwood kraft pulp, as well as chlorine free biobleaching of oxygen-prebleached hardwood kraft pulp are dealt with. Biological treatment of the pulp bleaching effluent is also described.
ATOMIC CARBON IN THE W 3 GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUD
SAKAI TAKESHI,OKA TOMOHARU,YAMAMOTO SATOSHI The Korean Astronomical Society 2005 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.38 No.2
We have mapped the W 3 giant molecular cloud in the $C^o\;^3P_1-^3 P_o$ ([CI]) line with the Mount Fuji Submillimeter-wave Telescope. The [CI] emission is extended over the molecular cloud, having peaks at three star forming clouds; W 3(Main), W 3(OH), and AFGL 333. The [CI] emission is found to be strong in the AFGL 333 cloud. We have also observed the $C^{18}O,\;CCS,\;N_2H^+$, and $H^{13}CO^+$ lines by using the Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45 m telescope. In the AFGL 333 cloud, we find two massive cores, which are highly gravitationally bound and have no sign of active star formation. The high [$C^o$]/[CO] and [CCS]/[$N_2H^+$] abundance ratios suggest that the AFGL 333 cloud is younger than the W 3(Main) and W 3(OH) clouds.