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Nishiura, H.,Lee, H.W.,Cho, S.H.,Lee, W.G.,In, T.S.,Moon, S.U.,Chung, G.T.,Kim, T.S. Elsevier Ltd. 2007 Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medi Vol.101 No.4
With the current epidemic of vivax malaria closely associated with the demilitarised zone along the border between North and South Korea, it has been suggested that the incubation period tends, in part, to be prolonged. Based on the detailed travel history of cases from 2000 to 2003 who reside in non-malarious areas, statistical estimates of the incubation periods were obtained. The data suggest that cases fall into two categories with short- and long-term incubation periods, respectively. Of 416 cases with available information, 72 and 79 successfully met our criteria for inferring the durations of short- and long-term incubation periods. The mean short- and long-term incubation periods were estimated to be 26.6 days (95% CI 21.0-32.2) and 48.2 weeks (95% CI 46.8-49.5), respectively. The maximum likelihood method was used to fit gamma and normal distributions to the short- and long-term incubation periods, assisting prediction of the frequency distribution of the overall incubation period, which exhibited a bimodal pattern. We postulate that the observed distribution reflects adaptation of the parasite to the seasonal population dynamics of the vector, Anopheles sinensis, ensuring continued transmission of vivax malaria in this temperate zone.
Chiaki Nishiura,Valerie Williams,Krzysztof Matyjaszewski 한국고분자학회 2017 Macromolecular Research Vol.25 No.6
Iron and copper complexes with anionic phenolate-bis(pyridyl)amine ligands were synthesized and examined as catalysts for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl (meth)acrylate and styrene. With copper complexes, polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions, M w/M n ~1.2, were prepared. The catalytic performance of copper catalysts was affected by nature of halogen species and by the steric and electronic effects. In iron-mediated ATRP procedures, the number-average molecular weights of the polymers increased with monomer conversion, however, the molecular weight distributions of the resulting polymers were relatively broad M w/M n~1.7, due to slow deactivation processes.
Yamazaki, Takeshi,Takeda, Hisato,Nishiura, Akiko,Sasai, Youji,Sugawara, Naoko,Togashi, Kenji Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.5
We examined the correlations between lactation curve shape, including persistency and changes in body condition score (BCS) during early-stage (0 to 30 days in milk (DIM)), nadir-stage (31 to 90 DIM), and late-stage (91 to 240 DIM) lactation in 191 first-lactation cows. Data used were first-parity BCS records, scored twice every month after calving, and daily milk yields. Individual lactation curves were depicted by the Wilmink function. Lactation persistency was defined as the difference in estimated milk yields between 240 DIM and 60 DIM. Changes in BCSs in the early and late stages were defined as linear regression coefficients. There were no significant correlations between traits for lactation curve shape and change in BCS in early-stage lactation. Peak yield and total milk yield were negatively correlated with BCSs in nadir- and late-stage lactation and with BCS change in late-stage lactation, suggesting that cows with high lactation yields had low body reserves and health status in mid- to late lactation and had delayed recovery of body reserves. Lactation persistency was positively correlated with change in BCS in late-stage lactation, suggesting that cows with high lactation persistency tended to be healthy and to recover their body reserves well in late lactation.