Kinetic favorability of Ru-doped LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ for high-power lithium-ion batteries

Chae, Ji Su,Jo, Mi Ru,Kim, Yong-Il,Han, Dong-Wook,Park, Sun-Min,Kang, Yong-Mook,Roh, Kwang Chul Elsevier 2015 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.21 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Pristine and Ru-doped LiNi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Mn<SUB>1.5</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> samples were synthesized using a simple carbon combustion method. Crystallographic analyses combining X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement confirmed that formation of the Li<SUB> <I>x</I> </SUB>Ni<SUB>1−<I>x</I> </SUB>O-like impurity phase is prevented and that the lattice parameter increases as a result of Ru doping. Furthermore, its structure is partially changed to the more disordered spinel phase (<I>Fd</I>3<I>m</I>). Both this structural change and the disappearance of the impurity phase greatly enhance the rate capability and cyclic retention of LiNi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Mn<SUB>1.5</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> LiNi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Mn<SUB>1.5</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> is doped with Ru<SUP>4+</SUP> to reduce the degree of cation ordering. </LI> <LI> Its structure is partially changed to more disordered spinel (<I>Fd</I>3<I>m</I>). </LI> <LI> This structural change is accompanied with the disappearance of impurity phase. </LI> <LI> These changes greatly enhance rate capability and cyclic retention of LiNi<SUB>0.5</SUB>Mn<SUB>1.5</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>. </LI> </UL> </P>

On the Role of Vapor Trapping for Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Grown Graphene over Copper

Rü,mmeli, Mark H.,Gorantla, Sandeep,Bachmatiuk, Alicja,Phieler, Johannes,Geißler, Nicole,Ibrahim, Imad,Pang, Jinbo,Eckert, Jü,rgen American Chemical Society 2013 Chemistry of materials Vol.25 No.24

<P>The role of sample chamber configuration for the chemical vapor deposition of graphene over copper was investigated in detail. A configuration in which the gas flow is unrestricted was shown to lead to graphene with an inhomogeneous number of layers (between 1 and 3). An alternative configuration in which one end of the inner tube (in which the sample is placed) is closed so as to restrict the gas flow leads a homogeneous graphene layer number. Depending on the sample placement, either homogeneous monolayer or bilayer graphene is obtained. Under our growth conditions, the data show local conditions play a role on layer homogeneity such that under quasi-static equilibrium gas conditions not only is the layer number stabilized, but the quality of the graphene improves. In short, our data suggests vapor trapping can trap Cu species leading to higher carbon concentrations, which determines layer number and improved decomposition of the carbon feedstock (CH<SUB>4</SUB>), which leads to higher quality graphene.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2013/cmatex.2013.25.issue-24/cm401669k/production/images/medium/cm-2013-01669k_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm401669k'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Insights into the Early Growth of Homogeneous Single-Layer Graphene over Ni–Mo Binary Substrates

Rü,mmeli, Mark H.,Zeng, Mengqi,Melkhanova, Svetlana,Gorantla, Sandeep,Bachmatiuk, Alicja,Fu, Lei,Yan, Chenglin,Oswald, Steffen,Mendes, Rafael G.,Makarov, Denys,Schmidt, Oliver,Eckert, Jü,r American Chemical Society 2013 Chemistry of materials Vol.25 No.19

<P>The employment of Ni–Mo films has recently been shown to yield strictly homogeneous single-layer graphene. In this study, we systematically investigate the different stages of nucleation and growth of graphene over Ni–Mo layers. The studies reveal that the Ni film breaks up and diffuses into the underlying Mo foil, forming a Ni–Mo intermetallic. Nucleation only occurs from Ni sites, and thus, the nucleation density can be controlled by the Ni film thickness. Both nucleation and growth of the graphene are shown to be susceptible to very efficient self-termination processes to the formation of molybdenum carbide, and this guarantees the formation of large area graphene that consists <I>entirely</I> of monolayer graphene.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2013/cmatex.2013.25.issue-19/cm4020783/production/images/medium/cm-2013-020783_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm4020783'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Artificial Neural Networks in Sound Quality Design: An Application for Hair Dryers

Nurkan Turkdo?ru,H. Temel Belek 한국소음진동공학회 2003 한국소음진동공학회 국제학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.8

《논리학》과 《자본론》 (Logik und Kapital) - 《정치경제학 비판》의 방법에 대하여

R . 부르너 한국헤겔학회 1988 헤겔연구 Vol.4 No.1

한국 무용수의 직무 스트레스와 직무만족에 관한 연구

이루지 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine job stress and job satisfaction of professional dancers. The 176 professional dancers were participated for accomplishing this purpose of the study, and responded to questionnaire about the sources of job stess and job satisfaction. the results of this study was as follows. First, there was a significant difference in job stress as a function of income in demographical characteristics of professional dancers. Second, there was a significant difference in job satisfaction as a function of age and marriage of demographical characteristics of professional dancers.

무용수의 성취목표성향과 성패에 따른 귀인형태에 관한 연구

이루지 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.5

This study examined on the attribution of perceived success and failure as a function of task and ego orientation in dancer. 229 dancer completed the attributions and achievement goal orientation questionnaire. That is CDS Ⅱ(Causal Dimension Scale Ⅱ: McAuley, Duncan, & Russel ; 1989) to assess causal dimensions and TEOSQ (task and ego orientation in sport questionnaire; Duda&Nicholls; 1989) to assess achievement goal in dancer. Results of this study showed that ego orientation dancer interpreted their causes of success as internal, stable dimensions and their causes of failure as external dimension. Task orientation dancer interpreted their causes of success as internal, stable dimensions and their causes of failure as internal dimension. In Conclusions, there was different interpretation of attribution dimensions for perceived success and failure in dancer.

댄스스포츠 참가와 대인관계 성향의 관계

이루지,강혜련 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.2

This study was to analysis the relationship between the participation in dance sports and interpersonal relation disposition. Namely, there was to examine the difference according to the experience of participation in dance sports and the influence of the degree of participation on the interpersonal relation disposition. To attain the goal of the study described above paragraphs. the subject of this study were selected by cluster random sampling method. This study drew out and analyzed 390 people in total. The result of reliability check up was here below: Chronbach' α=.678. To analyze materials, ANCOVA and multiple regression were used as statistic analysis techniques. The conclusion based on above study method and the result of material analysis are here below. First. the experience of participation in dance sports influences on the interpersonal relation disposition. The participants in dance sports are higher than non-participants. Second, the degree of participation in dance sports influences on the interpersonal relation disposition. There was to influence of the frequency on the interpersonal relation disposition.

녹음 구어 제시가 중도정신지체 성인여성의 목욕 능력 개선에 미치는 효과

鄭如意,陳明聰,陳政見 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2006 再活科學硏究 Vol.24 No.2

1. This study aimed to explore the effect of recorded auditory prompts on helping an adult with profound mental retardation to take bath independently. 「A-B-C-A-C」design, a kind of single-subject experiment was adopted. Three phases, baseline phase, intervention phase(B): auditory prompt, and intervention phase(C): recorded auditory prompt were included. A female with profound mental retardation participated in the experiment. It took over seven months to finishing the intervention. The results of the experiment indicated that auditory prompts, whether human auditory prompt or recorded prompt, could help the client to take bath more independently. The families of the client also regarded recorded auditory prompt was a feasible solution. Based on the result, there were some suggestions for the further research. 본 연구의 목적은 녹음 구어 제시를 이용해서 극 중도 지능장애 성인 여성 스스로 목욕 동작을 완성 할 수 있도록 도와주는 효과에 대한 연구입니다. 본 연구에 사용하는 연구법은 &#8988;A-B-A-C-A-C&#8991;역 설계이다. 기선기의(A)개입一(B)인공구어제시 개입二(C)녹음 구어 제시로 나누어졌다. 실험기간은 모두 7개월 반이었다. 연구결과는 피 실험자가 스스로 목욕할 때와 비교했을 때 인공구어 제시와 녹음구어 제시는 모두 피 실험자가 목욕 동작을 완성 하는 데에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이 외에도 녹음 구어 제시는 피 실험자 가족들도 받아들일 수 있다. 본 연구 결과에 근거해서 연구자들은 미래 응용과 연구에 대한 건의도 제출하였다.

경제적 애국심이 골프 클럽 브랜드 선호도에 미치는 영향

이루지 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.5

The purpose of this study was to examine to what extent golf-goods consumers were patriotic and preferred homemade and foreign brands in a bid to provide domestic golf-goods suppliers with consumer information and help them set up successful marketing strategies. The subjects in this study were 250 amateur male and female golfers who used golf ranges in the city of Anyang. They were selected by convenience sampling, one of non-sampling error methods. After a survey was conducted, the responses from 230 golfers were analyzed, except 20 incomplete answer sheets. As for the reliability of the questionnaires used in this study, their Cronbach' a turned out to be .8764. For data handling SPSS/PC+ 10.0 for Windows was employed, and simple frequency analysis was implemented to find out the general characteristics of the respondents. And one-way ANOVA and x²(Chi- square) test were carried out to identify their demographic features and the impact of their economic patriotism on their brand preference. The findings of the study were as follows: First, when their love for the nation was investigated, 136 golfers, which stood at 40.9 percent of the subjects, were less patriotic economically. This group outnumbered the other group of golfers who were more patriotic economically, since 94 golfers, 59.1 percent, belonged to the latter. Second, as to theft brand preference, a majority of the golfers preferred foreign-made brands than home-produced ones. Concerning the reason of their preference, the most common reason of preferring homemade brands was inexpensive price, and the second most common reason was that they thought they should use domestic goods. The third largest reason was that they liked theft designs. Among those who were more fond of foreign brands, the greatest reason was excellent quality, followed by brand reputation and good design. As for the manufacturer nation of golf goods used by them, those who used foreign brands far exceeded the others who used homemade ones. Third, the impact of economic patriotism on preference for golf-club brand, the highly patriotic group used domestic brands than the less patriotic group did. As to connections between their preference for manufacturer nation and economic patriotism those who had a higher liking for foreign-made brands were more patriotic than the others who preferred homemade brands. However, there was no significant inter- group gap at the P>.05 level of significance in brand preference and economic patriotism. When their preference for the manufacturer nation of golf club and economic patriotism were analyzed, there was no significant intergroup gap in brand preference, but their economic patriotism was significantly different at the P<.05 level of significance.