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Serum IGFBP4 concentration decreased in dairy heifers towards day 18 of pregnancy
Marie M Meyerholz,Kirsten Mense,Michael Lietzau,Ana Kassens,Matthias Linden,Hendrike Knaack,Elisa Wirthgen,Andreas Hoeflich,Mariam Raliou,Christophe Richard,Olivier Sandra,Hans-Joachim Schuberth,Marti 대한수의학회 2015 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.16 No.4
This study was conducted to determine if the main components of the somatotropic axis change during the early phase of pregnancy in the maternal blood system and whether differences exist on day 18 after pregnancy recognition by the maternal organism. Blood samples of pregnant heifers (Holstein Friesian; n = 10 after embryo transfer) were obtained on the day of ovulation (day 0), as well as on days 7, 14, 16 and 18 and during pregnant, non-pregnant and negative control cycles. The concentrations of progesterone (P4), oestrogen, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 and -2 (IGF1, -2) and IGF-binding protein-2, -3 and -4 (IGFBP2, -3, -4) were measured. The mRNA expressions of growth hormone receptor 1A, IGF1, IGF2, IGFBP2, IGFBP3 and IGFBP4 were detected using RT-qPCR in liver biopsy specimens (day 18). In all groups, total serum IGF1 decreased from day 0 to 16. Notably, IGFBP4 maternal blood concentrations were lower during pregnancy than during non-pregnant cycles and synchronized control cycles. It can be speculated that the lower IGFBP4 in maternal blood may result in an increase of free IGF1 for local action. Further studies regarding IGFBP4 concentration and healthy early pregnancy are warranted.
Paper-Based Bipolar Electrochemistry
Renault, Christophe,Scida, Karen,Knust, Kyle N.,Fosdick, Stephen E.,Crooks, Richard M. The Korean Electrochemical Society 2013 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.4 No.4
We demonstrate that carbon electrodes screen-printed directly on cellulose paper can be employed to perform bipolar electrochemistry. In addition, an array of 18 screen-printed bipolar electrodes (BPEs) can be simultaneously controlled using a single pair of driving electrodes. The electrochemical state of the BPEs is read-out using electrogenerated chemiluminescence. These results are important because they demonstrate the feasibility of coupling bipolar electrochemistry to microfluidic paperbased analytical devices (${\mu}PADs$) to perform highly multiplexed, low-cost measurements.
The Icebreaker Life Mission to Mars: A Search for Biomolecular Evidence for Life
McKay, Christopher P.,Stoker, Carol R.,Glass, Brian J.,Davé,, Arwen I.,Davila, Alfonso F.,Heldmann, Jennifer L.,Marinova, Margarita M.,Fairen, Alberto G.,Quinn, Richard C.,Zacny, Kris A.,Paulsen Mary Ann Liebert 2013 Astrobiology Vol.13 No.4
<P>The search for evidence of life on Mars is the primary motivation for the exploration of that planet. The results from previous missions, and the Phoenix mission in particular, indicate that the ice-cemented ground in the north polar plains is likely to be the most recently habitable place that is currently known on Mars. The near-surface ice likely provided adequate water activity during periods of high obliquity, ? 5 Myr ago. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen are present in the atmosphere, and nitrates may be present in the soil. Perchlorate in the soil together with iron in basaltic rock provides a possible energy source for life. Furthermore, the presence of organics must once again be considered, as the results of the Viking GCMS are now suspect given the discovery of the thermally reactive perchlorate. Ground ice may provide a way to preserve organic molecules for extended periods of time, especially organic biomarkers. The Mars Icebreaker Life mission focuses on the following science goals: (1) Search for specific biomolecules that would be conclusive evidence of life. (2) Perform a general search for organic molecules in the ground ice. (3) Determine the processes of ground ice formation and the role of liquid water. (4) Understand the mechanical properties of the martian polar ice-cemented soil. (5) Assess the recent habitability of the environment with respect to required elements to support life, energy sources, and possible toxic elements. (6) Compare the elemental composition of the northern plains with midlatitude sites. The Icebreaker Life payload has been designed around the Phoenix spacecraft and is targeted to a site near the Phoenix landing site. However, the Icebreaker payload could be supported on other Mars landing systems. Preliminary studies of the SpaceX Dragon lander show that it could support the Icebreaker payload for a landing either at the Phoenix site or at midlatitudes. Duplicate samples could be cached as a target for possible return by a Mars Sample Return mission. If the samples were shown to contain organic biomarkers, interest in returning them to Earth would be high.</P>
정민유,노상규,Eunice Mah,Christopher Masterjohn,박해진,Richard M. Clark,박영기,이지영,Richard S. Bruno 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.6
Green tea extract (GTE) protects against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by decreasing hepatic steatosis and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation. We hypothesized that hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory activities of GTE would protect against NASH by reducing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an NFκB-dependent enzyme, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in a dietary fat-induced obese model. Male Wistar rats were fed a low-fat diet containing no GTE or a high-fat (HF) diet containing GTE at 0%, 1%, or 2% for 8 weeks. Insulin resistance and total hepatic fatty acids increased following HF feeding (P < .05) and these were normalized by GTE at 1–2%. GTE (1–2%) normalized hepatic malondialdehyde without affecting cytochrome P450 2E1 mRNA expression, which was otherwise increased by HF feeding. HF-mediated increases in hepatic COX-2 protein and activity as well as PGE2 concentrations were normalized by GTE (1–2%). COX-2 activity and PGE2 were correlated to each other, and to serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatic NFκB-binding activity (P < .05; r = 0.28–0.49). GTE attenuated HF-mediated increases in total hepatic n-6 and n-3, without affecting the n-6/n-3 ratio. GTE did not affect HF-mediated increases in n-6 in nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) and phospholipid pools, whereas n-3 and n-6/n-3 in both pools were unaffected by GTE and HF feeding. GTE decreased total hepatic arachidonic acid without affecting HF-mediated increases in arachidonic acid in NEFA or phospholipid pools. Thus, GTE attenuates lipid peroxidation and PGE2 accumulation by decreasing COX-2 activity independent of arachidonic acid availability and supports an additional mechanism by which GTE protects against liver injury during NASH in an HF-feeding model.
The effect of pyridine modification of Ni–DOBDC on CO<sub>2</sub> capture under humid conditions
Bae, Youn-Sang,Liu, Jian,Wilmer, Christopher E.,Sun, Hahnbi,Dickey, Allison N.,Kim, Min Bum,Benin, Annabelle I.,Willis, Richard R.,Barpaga, Dushyant,LeVan, M. Douglas,Snurr, Randall Q. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Chemical communications Vol.50 No.25
<P>The metal–organic framework Ni–DOBDC was modified with pyridine molecules to make the normally hydrophilic internal surface more hydrophobic. Experiments and molecular simulations show that the pyridine modification reduces H<SUB>2</SUB>O adsorption while retaining substantial CO<SUB>2</SUB> capacity under the conditions of interest for carbon capture from flue gas.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The metal–organic framework Ni–DOBDC was modified with pyridine molecules to make the normally hydrophilic internal surface more hydrophobic. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3cc44954h'> </P>
Ramponi, Laura,Yasui, Youichi,Murawski, Christopher D.,Ferkel, Richard D.,DiGiovanni, Christopher W.,Kerkhoffs, Gino M.M.J.,Calder, James D.F.,Takao, Masato,Vannini, Francesca,Choi, Woo Jin,Lee, Jin W SAGE Publications 2017 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE - Vol.45 No.7
<P>Conclusion: An assessment of the currently available data does suggest that BMS may best be reserved for OLT sizes less than 107.4 mm(2) in area and/or 10.2 mm in diameter. Future development in legitimate prognostic size guidelines based on high-quality evidence that correlate with outcomes will surely provide patients with the best potential for successful long-term outcomes.</P>
Analysis of genetic diversity in a collection of Plantago species: application of ISSR markers
Bagheri Motahareh,Heidari Bahram,Dadkhodaie Ali,Heidari Zahra,Daneshnia Negar,Richards Christopher M. 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.1
The analysis of genetic diversity in medicinal plant species can greatly facilitate germplasm conservation and selection for use in breeding schemes. The aim of the present study was to assess the genetic diversity and diferentiation of eight Plantago species using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Thirty-one Plantago accessions belonging to eight species were collected from Iran environments. Polymorphisms in the DNA of Plantago accessions were analyzed using 25 ISSR primers. The data for 286 polymorphic bands indicated that the ISSR primers each amplifed 5–21 polymorphic amplicons that were 100–3000 bp in size. The mean polymorphism was 83.83% and fve primers showed higher polymorphism. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.1103 to 0.3829 with a mean of 0.2727. Accessions in P. amplexicaulis and P. pysillum represented the highest Nei’s and Shannon’s genetic diversity, while the lowest was obtained for P. lagopus. The phenetic network generated by the Neighbor-Net algorithm showed moderate confict and splitting of the eight species. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) results showed the separation of accessions of the eight species. The results suggest that ISSR markers can diferentiate Plantago species and that information on genetic diversity may assist in pre-breeding evaluations and Plantago germplasm conservation.
Amanda G.Y. Chen,Marleen S.L. Offereins,Christopher J. Mulder,Christopher M. Frampton,Richard B. Gearry 한국식품영양과학회 2018 Journal of medicinal food Vol.21 No.12
We investigated the impact of the ingestion of two green kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa var. Hayward) and one Royal Gala apple on breath hydrogen and methane production in humans. Consumption of two green kiwifruit led to no evidence of carbohydrate malabsorption (0/20), whereas consumption of one apple was associated with carbohydrate malabsorption in 6/20 participants (P = .008). There were no significant differences in the area under the curve for hydrogen or methane breath concentrations after consumption of the two fruits. Rates of lactose and fructose breath tests in this cohort were within expected parameters. Green kiwifruit are not associated with clinically significant carbohydrate malabsorption compared with apples in this pilot study.
Glyceollin Transport, Metabolism, and Effects on P-Glycoprotein Function in Caco-2 Cells
Chukwuemezie Chimezie,Adina C. Ewing,Syeda S. Quadri,Richard B. Cole,Stephen M. Boue,Christopher F. Omari,Melyssa Bratton,Elena Glotser,Elena Skripnikova,Ian Townley,Robert E. Stratford 한국식품영양과학회 2014 Journal of medicinal food Vol.17 No.4
Glyceollins are phytoalexins produced in soybeans from their isoflavone precursor daidzein. Their impressive anticancer and glucose normalization effects in rodents have generated interest in their therapeutic potential. The aim of the present studies was to begin to understand glyceollin intestinal transport and metabolism, and their potential effects on P-glycoprotein (Pgp) in Caco-2 cells. At 10 and 25 lM, glyceollin permeability was 2.4 – 0.16 · 10- 4 cm/sec and 2.1 – 0.15 · 10- 4 cm/sec, respectively, in the absorptive direction. Basolateral to apical permeability at 25 lM was 1.6 – 0.10 · 10- 4 cm/sec. Results suggest high absorption potential of glyceollin by a passive-diffusion-dominated mechanism. A sulfate conjugate at the phenolic hydroxyl position was observed following exposure to Caco-2 cells. In contrast to verapamil inhibition of the net secretory permeability of rhodamine 123 (R123) and its enhancement of calcein AM uptake into Caco-2 cells, neither glyceollin nor genistein inhibited Pgp (MDR1; ABCB1) up to 300 lM. There was no significant change in MDR1 mRNA expression, Pgp protein expression, or R123 transport in cells exposed to glyceollin or genistein for 24 h up to 100 lM. Collectively, these results suggest that glyceollin has the potential to be well absorbed, but that, similar to the isoflavone genistein, its absorption may be reduced substantially by intestinal metabolism; further, they indicate that glyceollin does not appear to alter Pgp function in Caco-2 cells.