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John R. Richards,Taylor L. Stayton,Jason A. Wells,Aman K. Parikh,Erik G. Laurin 대한응급의학회 2018 Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine Vol.5 No.4
Objective Determine differences between faculty, residents, and nurses regarding night shift preparation, performance, recovery, and perception of emotional and physical health effects. Methods Survey study performed at an urban university medical center emergency department with an accredited residency program in emergency medicine. Results Forty-seven faculty, 37 residents, and 90 nurses completed the survey. There was no difference in use of physical sleep aids between groups, except nurses utilized blackout curtains more (69%) than residents (60%) and faculty (45%). Bedroom temperature preference was similar. The routine use of pharmacologic sleep aids differed: nurses and residents (both 38%) compared to faculty (13%). Residents routinely used melatonin more (79%) than did faculty (33%) and nurses (38%). Faculty preferred not to eat (45%), whereas residents (24%) preferred a full meal. The majority (>72%) in all groups drank coffee before their night shift and reported feeling tired despite their routine, with 4:00 a.m. as median nadir. Faculty reported a higher rate (41%) of falling asleep while driving compared to residents (14%) and nurses (32%), but the accident rate (3% to 6%) did not differ significantly. All had similar opinions regarding night shift-associated health effects. However, faculty reported lower level of satisfaction working night shifts, whereas nurses agreed less than the other groups regarding increased risk of drug and alcohol dependence. Conclusion Faculty, residents, and nurses shared many characteristics. Faculty tended to not use pharmacologic sleep aids, not eat before their shift, fall asleep at a higher rate while driving home, and enjoy night shift work less.
Riedel, M.,Brent, T.A.,Taylor, G.,Taylor, A.E.,Hong, J.-K.,Jin, Y.-K.,Dallimore, S.R. Elsevier 2017 Marine and petroleum geology Vol.81 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The presence of a wedge of offshore permafrost on the shelf of the Canadian Beaufort Sea has been previously recognized and the consequence of a prolonged occurrence of such permafrost is the possibility of an underlying gas hydrate regime. We present the first evidence for wide-spread occurrences of gas hydrates across the shelf in water depths of 60–100 m using 3D and 2D multichannel seismic (MCS) data. A reflection with a polarity opposite to the seafloor was identified ∼1000 m below the seafloor that mimics some of the bottom-simulating reflections (BSRs) in marine gas hydrate regimes. However, the reflection is not truly bottom-simulating, as its depth is controlled by offshore permafrost. The depth of the reflection decreases with increasing water depth, as predicted from thermal modeling of the late Wisconsin transgression. The reflection crosscuts strata and defines a zone of enhanced reflectivity beneath it, which originates from free gas accumulated at the phase boundary over time as permafrost and associated gas hydrate stability zones thin in response to the transgression. The wide-spread gas hydrate occurrence beneath permafrost has implications on the region including drilling hazards associated with the presence of free gas, possible overpressure, lateral migration of fluids and expulsion at the seafloor. In contrast to the permafrost-associated gas hydrates, a deep-water marine BSR was also identified on MCS profiles. The MCS data show a polarity-reversed seismic reflection associated with a low-velocity zone beneath it. The seismic data coverage in the southern Beaufort Sea shows that the deep-water marine BSR is not uniformly present across the entire region. The regional discrepancy of the BSR occurrence between the US Alaska portion and the Mackenzie Delta region may be a result of high sedimentation rates expected for the central Mackenzie delta and high abundance of mass-transport deposits that prohibit gas to accumulate within and beneath the gas hydrate stability zone.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Discovery of permafrost related gas hydrate regime in Beaufort shelf region. </LI> <LI> Base of gas hydrate stability zone follows trend predicted by thermal modelling. </LI> <LI> Permafrost-associated gas hydrate regime poses geo-hazards to drilling. </LI> <LI> Deep-water marine hydrate regime appears irregular across Beaufort margin. </LI> </UL> </P>
Low gain threshold density of a single InGaP quantum well sandwiched by digital alloy
B. Kim,김광석,K.C. Je,J.D.Song,S.Y. Kim,E.H. Lee,R.A.Taylor 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.9
A single In0.49Ga0.51P quantum well sandwiched by In0.49Ga0.51P/In0.49(Ga0.6Al0.4)0.51P digital alloy structures was investigated in terms of optical modal gain, where gain saturation effects were also considered for both changes inwavelength and stripe length by using a modal gain contour map analysis. We found the gain threshold density is considerably lower by an order of magnitude when compared to the Mott density (~2 1012 cm2), which can be attributed to a carrier-harvesting effect through the mini-band of the digital alloy.
Dynamics and gain in highly-excited InGaN MQWs
R.A.Taylor,K.Kyhm,J.D.Smith,J.H.Rice,J.F.Ryan,T.Someya,Y.Arakawa 한국물리학회 2002 Current Applied Physics Vol.2 No.4
The Kerr gate technique is used to time-resolve the gain in an In0:02Ga0:98N/In0:16Ga0:84N multiple quantum well sample. A newwayofanalyzingthe datain suchavariable stripelength methodgainexperiment isusedto analyzeboththetime-integrated andtime-is caused by the change of the chemical potential along the excited stripe due to the interaction of the carrier and photon densities, andthegain thresholddensityisestimated. Atrialfunctionassuming aLorentzian lineshapeforthe stripelengthdependence ofthe gainiscompared with the edge emission intensity. This is found to t very well with our data, even beyond the saturation region. Fur-thermore, we have extended the investigation to examine the dynamics of the emission and gain. These measurements suggest that thephotoexcited carriers must localize (possibly at indium-rich sites) before strong stimulated emission is seen.. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Low gain threshold density of a single InGaP quantum well sandwiched by digital alloy
Kim, B.,Kyhm, K.,Je, K.C.,Song, J.D.,Kim, S.Y.,Le, E.H.,Taylor, R.A. Elsevier 2014 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.14 No.9
A single In<SUB>0.49</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.51</SUB>P quantum well sandwiched by In<SUB>0.49</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.51</SUB>P/In<SUB>0.49</SUB>(Ga<SUB>0.6</SUB>Al<SUB>0.4</SUB>)<SUB>0.51</SUB>P digital alloy structures was investigated in terms of optical modal gain, where gain saturation effects were also considered for both changes in wavelength and stripe length by using a modal gain contour map analysis. We found the gain threshold density is considerably lower by an order of magnitude when compared to the Mott density (~2 x 10<SUP>12</SUP> cm<SUP>-2</SUP>), which can be attributed to a carrier-harvesting effect through the mini-band of the digital alloy.
Lee, E.J.,Lee, H.J.,Kamli, M.R.,Pokharel, S.,Bhat, A.R.,Lee, Y.H.,Choi, B.H.,Chun, T.,Kang, S.W.,Lee, Y.S.,Kim, J.W.,Schnabel, R.D.,Taylor, J.F.,Choi, I. Academic Press 2012 Genomics Vol.100 No.3
We report a systematic study of gene expression during myogenesis and transdifferentiation in four bovine muscle tissues and of adipogenesis in three bovine fat tissues using DNA microarray analysis. One hundred hybridizations were performed and 7245 genes of known and unknown function were identified as being differentially expressed. Supervised hierarchical cluster analysis of gene expression patterns revealed the tissue specificity of genes. A close relationship in global gene expression observed for adipocyte-like cells derived from muscle and adipocytes derived from intramuscular fat suggests a common origin for these cells. The role of transthyretin in myogenesis is a novel finding. Different genes were highly induced during the transdifferentiation of myogenic satellite cells and in the adipogenesis of preadipocytes, indicating the involvement of different molecular mechanisms in these processes. Induction of CD36 and FABP4 expression in adipocyte-like cells and adipocytes may share a common pathway.
Time-resolved spectroscopy of non-thermal carrier dynamics in GaN
K. Kyhm,R. Lota,R.A. Taylor,J.F. Ryan,N.J. Cain 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.5
The dynamics of carriers in GaN epilayers is investigated using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. After the residual chirpon the continuum probe is removed, the normalized dierence spectra (NDS) for dierent probe energies are synchronized, recov-ering the full time resolution of our laser pulse. Our Monte-Carlo simulation agrees well with the unchirped NDS spectrum, whichshows the development of the carrier distribution at early times, where phonon satellites are seen, together with a strong non-ther-mal electron distribution in the region of the LO-phonon energy arising from the remarkably strong electronLO phonon interac-tion. Employing a new technique which involves the integration of the normalized NDS multiplied by the corresponding energy, ameasure of the mean energy of the carriers in non-thermal states is obtained. By comparing the time-dependent energy loss with thetheoretical energy loss rate, we estimate the eective temperature of the phonon modes as well as the population of phonons.