Cyanidin-3-glucoside Inhibits ATP-induced Intracellular Free $Ca^{2+}$ Concentration, ROS Formation and Mitochondrial Depolarization in PC12 Cells

Perveen, Shazia,Yang, Ji Seon,Ha, Tae Joung,Yoon, Shin Hee The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.4

Flavonoids have an ability to suppress various ion channels. We determined whether one of flavonoids, cyanidin-3-glucoside, affects adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-induced calcium signaling using digital imaging methods for intracellular free $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ([$Ca^{2+}$]i), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12 cells. Treatment with ATP ($100{\mu}M$) for 90 sec induced [$Ca^{2+}$]i increases in PC12 cells. Pretreatment with cyanidin-3-glucoside ($1{\mu}g/ml$ to $100{\mu}g/ml$) for 30 min inhibited the ATP-induced [$Ca^{2+}$]i increases in a concentration-dependent manner ($IC_{50}=15.3{\mu}g/ml$). Pretreatment with cyanidin-3-glucoside ($15{\mu}g/ml$) for 30 min significantly inhibited the ATP-induced [$Ca^{2+}$]i responses following removal of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ or depletion of intracellular [$Ca^{2+}$]i stores. Cyanidin-3-glucoside also significantly inhibited the relatively specific P2X2 receptor agonist 2-MeSATP-induced [$Ca^{2+}$]i responses. Cyanidin-3-glucoside significantly inhibited the thapsigargin or ATP-induced store-operated calcium entry. Cyanidin-3-glucoside significantly inhibited the ATP-induced [$Ca^{2+}$]i responses in the presence of nimodipine and ${\omega}$-conotoxin. Cyanidin-3-glucoside also significantly inhibited KCl (50 mM)-induced [$Ca^{2+}$]i increases. Cyanidin-3-glucoside significantly inhibited ATP-induced mitochondrial depolarization. The intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ chelator BAPTA-AM or the mitochondrial $Ca^{2+}$ uniporter inhibitor RU360 blocked the ATP-induced mitochondrial depolarization in the presence of cyanidin-3-glucoside. Cyanidin-3-glucoside blocked ATP-induced formation of ROS. BAPTA-AM further decreased the formation of ROS in the presence of cyanidin-3-glucoside. All these results suggest that cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibits ATP-induced calcium signaling in PC12 cells by inhibiting multiple pathways which are the influx of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ through the nimodipine and ${\omega}$-conotoxin-sensitive and -insensitive pathways and the release of $Ca^{2+}$ from intracellular stores. In addition, cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibits ATP-induced formation of ROS by inhibiting $Ca^{2+}$-induced mitochondrial depolarization.

Point of Care D-Dimer Testing in the Emergency Department: A Bioequivalence Study

Shuhana Perveen,Danielle Unwin,Amith Loknath Shetty 대한진단검사의학회 2013 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.33 No.1

Background: D-dimer is used widely as a diagnostic aid in low- and moderate-risk patients with suspected venous thromboembolism (VTE). While our laboratory utilizes VIDAS D-dimer analyzer (bioMérieux SA, France), our emergency department (ED) recently procured a D-dimer analyzer AQT90 FLEX (Radiometer Medical ApS, Denmark) for point of care testing (POCT) to facilitate patient management. We aimed to determine whether the time taken to receive D-dimer results using the 2 different analyzers differed significantly and to quantify the limits of agreement between the results of the 2 methods measured on the same patient. Methods: Adult patients presenting to the ED and requiring diagnostic workup for suspected VTE were included in this prospective observational study. Patients underwent simultaneous D-dimer measurements using the 2 different analyzers. Results: The paired results from 104 patients were analyzed. The median time for the Ddimer results from triage by VIDAS was 258 min (Inter-quartile range [IQR], 173-360) and by POCT was 146 min (IQR, 55-280.5); the median time difference was 101.5 min (IQR, 82-125.5). On an average, POCT D-dimer values were 15% lower on the same sample (limits of agreement, 34-213%). POCT predicted 83% of VIDAS positive results (sensitivity, 83.3%[95% confidence interval (CI), 70.4-91.3%]; specificity, 100% [95% CI, 93.6-100%]). All patients with positive imaging were identified correctly by both methods. Conclusions: POCT delivers D-dimer results in significantly shorter turnaround times than pathology services; however, poor bioequivalence between VIDAS and POCT raises the issue of acceptability for use in the ED.

Response to the Comments on ‘Point of Care D-Dimer Testing in the Emergency Department–A Bioequivalence Study’ and Erratum to the Results

Shuhana Perveen,Danielle Unwin,Amith L Shetty,Karen Byth 대한진단검사의학회 2014 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.34 No.1

We have read with interest the comments made on our study ti- tled ‘Point of care (POC) D-dimer testing in the Emergency de- partment–a bioequivalence study’ [1]. Ekelund and Heilmann, referring to the results and conclu- sions of the study, have suggested that one of the discrepancies may be caused by a typographical error, and this inference prob- ably stems from the use of the term ‘range’ in the published arti- cle. This should have been termed ‘Bland-Altman limits of agree- ment’ (0.24-2.13) for all the cases where both tests were ordered and not just for the 8 POC-negative VIDAS (VIDAS D-dimer as- say; bioMérieux SA, RCS Lyon, France)-positive patients. The data have been reconfirmed by our database as not being a re- porting error.

Cyanidin-3-glucoside Inhibits ATP-induced Intracellular Free Ca²⁺ Concentration, ROS Formation and Mitochondrial Depolarization in PC12 Cells

Shazia Perveen,Ji Seon Yang,Tae Joung Ha,Shin Hee Yoon 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.18 No.4

Flavonoids have an ability to suppress various ion channels. We determined whether one of flavonoids, cyanidin-3-glucoside, affects adenosine 5 -triphosphate (ATP)-induced calcium signaling using digital imaging methods for intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]i), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12 cells. Treatment with ATP (100μM) for 90 sec induced [Ca²⁺]i increases in PC12 cells. Pretreatment with cyanidin-3-glucoside (1μg/ml to 100μg/ml) for 30 min inhibited the ATP-induced [Ca²⁺]i increases in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50=15.3μg/ml). Pretreatment with cyanidin-3-glucoside (15μg/ml) for 30 min significantly inhibited the ATP-induced [Ca²⁺]i responses following removal of extracellular Ca²⁺ or depletion of intracellular [Ca²⁺]i stores. Cyanidin-3-glucoside also significantly inhibited the relatively specific P2X2 receptor agonist 2-MeSATP-induced [Ca²⁺]i responses. Cyanidin-3-glucoside significantly inhibited the thapsigargin or ATP-induced store-operated calcium entry. Cyanidin-3-glucoside significantly inhibited the ATP-induced [Ca²⁺]i responses in the presence of nimodipine and ω-conotoxin. Cyanidin-3- glucoside also significantly inhibited KCl (50 mM)-induced [Ca²⁺]i increases. Cyanidin-3-glucoside significantly inhibited ATP-induced mitochondrial depolarization. The intracellular Ca²⁺ chelator BAPTA-AM or the mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uniporter inhibitor RU360 blocked the ATP-induced mito-chondrial depolarization in the presence of cyanidin-3-glucoside. Cyanidin-3-glucoside blocked ATP- induced formation of ROS. BAPTA-AM further decreased the formation of ROS in the presence of cyanidin-3-glucoside. All these results suggest that cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibits ATP-induced calcium signaling in PC12 cells by inhibiting multiple pathways which are the influx of extracellular Ca²⁺ through the nimodipine and ω-conotoxin-sensitive and -insensitive pathways and the release of Ca²⁺ from intracellular stores. In addition, cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibits ATP-induced formation of ROS by inhibiting Ca²⁺-induced mitochondrial depolarization.

Discontinuous Galerkin finite element scheme for solving non-linear lumped kinetic model of non-isothermal reactive liquid chromatography

Shireen Zafar,Sadia Perveen,Shamsul Qamar 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.3

A multi-component lumped kinetic model of non-isothermal and non-linear reactive liquid chromatography was formulated and approximated numerically to demonstrate thermal effects on reaction kinetics, adsorption equilibria, and conversion-separation studies in thermally insulated, packed bed, chromatographic reactors. The considered model is constituted of systems of non-linear convection diffusion reaction partial differential equations for mass and energy balances in the bulk phase coupled with differential equations for mass and energy balances in the stationary phase. In this work, a total variation bounded (TVB) Runge-Kutta local-projection discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DG-FEM) was derived and proposed for the numerical solutions of the model equations. The developed numerical method is robust, explicit, capable of resolving sharp discontinuities and is second-order accurate. System parametric studies treating heterogeneously catalyzed reversible reactions were performed through numerical simulations. The coupling between thermal and concentration fronts, the influence of temperature on reactor efficiency, and the conversion-separation of products are demonstrated through several consistency tests. The results, which authenticate the accuracy of the (DG-FEM) method, will be beneficial for interpreting mass and energy profiles in non-equilibrium and non-isothermal liquid chromatographic reactors and provide deeper insight into the sensitivity of the conversion-separation process.

Students’ Perceptions about the Role of Psycholinguistics in Developing Pre/in-Service Teachers’ Second Language Teaching Expertise: A Case Study of Virtual University of Pakistan

Aneela Khan,Ayesha Perveen 아시아테플 2021 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.18 No.1

Cytotoxicity Assessment of Six Different Extracts of Abelia triflora leaves on A-549 Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells

Al-Taweel, Areej Mohammad,Perveen, Shagufta,Fawzy, Ghada Ahmed,Ibrahim, Taghreed Abdou,Khan, Afsar,Mehmood, Rashad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.11

The present investigation was designed to assess the anticancer activity of six different leaf extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, n-butanol, and water soluble) of Abelia triflora on A-549 human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells. A-549 cells were exposed to $10-1000{\mu}g/ml$ concentrations of the leaf extracts of A. triflorafor 24 h and then percentage cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results showed that leaf extracts of A. triflora significantly reduced the viability of A-549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Decrease was recorded as 31% with ethyl acetate, 36% with methanol, 46% with chloroform, 54% with petroleum ether, 62% with n-butanol, and 63% with water soluble extracts at $1000{\mu}g/ml$ each. Among the various plant extracts, ethyl acetate extract showed the highest decrease in the percentage cell viability, followed by methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, n-butanol, and water soluble extracts. Our results demonstrated preliminary screening of anticancer activity of different soluble extracts of A. triflora extracts against A-549 cells, which can be further used for the development of a potential therapeutic anticancer agents.

Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory Guaianolides from Amberboa ramosa

Khan Sher Bahadar,Haq Azhar-ul,Perveen Shagufta,Afza Nighat,Malik Abdul,Nawaz Sarfraz Ahmad,Shah Muhammad Raza,Choudhary Muhammad lqbal The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.2

Phytochemical investigation of the whole plant of Amberboa ramosa led to the isolation of six sesquiterpene lactones which could be identified as $8{\alpha}$-hydroxy-$11{\beta}$-methyl-$1{\alpha}H,\;5{\alpha}H,\;6{\beta}H,\;7{\alpha}H,\;11{\alpha}H-guai-10(14)$, 4(15)-dien-6, 12-olide(2), $3{\beta},\;8{\alpha}-dihydroxy-11{\alpha}-methyl-1{\alpha}H,\;5{\alpha}H,\;6{\beta}H,\;7{\alpha}H,\;11{\beta}H-guai-10(14)$, 4(15)-dien-6, 12-olide (2), $3{\beta},\;4{\alpha},\;8{\alpha}-trihydroxy-4{\beta}(hydroxymethyl)-1{\alpha}H,\;5{\alpha}H,\;6{\beta}H,\;7{\alpha}H-guai-10(14)$, 11(13)-dien-6, 12-olide (3), $3{\beta},\;4{\alpha},\;8{\alpha}-trihydroxy-4{\beta}-(chloromethyl)-1{\alpha}H,\;5{\alpha}H,\;6{\beta}H,\;7{\alpha}H-guai-10(14)$, 11(13)-dien-6, 12-olide(4), $3{\beta},\;4{\alpha},\;dihydroxy-4{\beta}-(hydroxymethyl)-1{\alpha}H,\;5{\alpha}H,\;6{\beta}H,\;7{\alpha}H-guai-10(14)$, 11(13)-dien-6, 12-olide(5), $3{\beta},\;4{\alpha}-dihydroxy-4{\beta}-(chloromethyl)-8{\alpha}-(4-hydroxymethacrylate)-1{\alpha}H,\;5{\alpha}H,\;6{\beta}H,\;7{\alpha}H-guai-10(14)$, 11(13)-dien-6, 12-olide (6) by spectroscopic methods. All of them showed inhibitory potential against butyrylcholinesterase.

Entrenchment Effect and Audit Quality in Family Business of Pakistan

TAHIR, Safdar Husain,AKRAM, Sadaf,PERVEEN, Shahida,AHMAD, Gulzar,ULLAH, Muhammad Rizwan Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.8

The purpose of this study is to test both the alignment theory and entertainment theory on family firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange. To achieve these goals, we collected secondary data from 164 non-financial family firms in various sectors during 2014-18. These family firms are classified into two categories: family control firms and family owned firms. We take the audit fee and the audit quality as dependent variables while family control firms, family-owned firms, and family CEOs as independent variables. In addition, the study uses leverage, profit and export as control variables. To test the effect of the explanatory variables on the output variables, we use two econometric models, Ordinary Least Square and the Probit regression model. In addition, Huber Sandwich test is used to check the non-normality and heteroscedasticity of panel data. Contrary to the alignment effect, the study supports the entrenchment effect and advocates that family-controlled firms as well as family-owned firms are not conscientious regarding the selection of external auditors during their contracts with audit firms. They are less likely to pay high audit fees for good quality audit in Pakistan. Furthermore, the study shows a statistically significant and positive relationship between audit quality and audit fees.

Repeated Administration of Fresh Garlic Increases Memory Retention in Rats

Saida Haider,Nosheen Naz,Saima Khaliq,Tahira Perveen,Darakhshan J. Haleem 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.4

Garlic (Allium sativum) is regarded as both a food and a medicinal herb. Increasing attention has focused on the biological functions and health benefits of garlic as a potentially major dietary component. Chronic garlic administration has been shown to enhance memory function. Evidence also shows that garlic administration in rats affects brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) levels. 5-HT, a neurotransmitter involved in a number of physiological functions, is also known to enhance cognitive performance. The present study was designed to investigate the probable neurochemical mechanism responsible for the enhancement of memory following garlic administration. Sixteen adult locally bred male albino Wistar rats were divided into control (n = 8) and test (n = 8) groups. The test group was orally administered 250 mg/kg fresh garlic homogenate (FGH), while control animals received an equal amount of water daily for 21 days. Estimation of plasma free and total tryptophan (TRP) and whole brain TRP, 5-HT, and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. For assessment of memory, a step-through passive avoidance paradigm (electric shock avoidance) was used. The results showed that the levels of plasma free TRP significantly increased (P < .01) and plasma total TRP significantly decreased (P < .01) in garlic-treated rats. Brain TRP, 5-HT, and 5-HIAA levels were also significantly increased following garlic administration. A significant improvement in memory function was exhibited by garlic-treated rats in the passive avoidance test. Increased brain 5-HT levels were associated with improved cognitive performance. The present results, therefore, demonstrate that the memory-enhancing effect of garlic may be associated with increased brain 5-HT metabolism in rats. The results further support the use of garlic as a food supplement for the enhancement of memory.