Effects of Traditional Chinese Cooking Methods on Formation of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Lamb Patties

Haitao Guo,Zhenyu Wang,Han Pan,Xin Li,Li Chen,Weili Rao,Yuan Gao,Dequan Zhang 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.3

Different amounts of the potent mutagenic and/or carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) areformed in muscle-based foods under different cookingmethods. HAAs (9 varieties) in lamb patties cooked usingtraditional Chinese cooking methods (roasting, frying, panfrying,and stewing in seasonings) were investigated. Thetotal HAAs contents in roasted, fried, pan-fried, and stewedpatties were 4.39-123.15 ng/g, 3.59-43.24 ng/g, 0.71-10.05ng/g, and 51.07-120.32 ng/g, respectively. Amounts of HAAsincreased as cooking time increased. 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) was the dominantHAAs in deep roasted and fried samples, while 1-methyl-9H-pyrido [3,4-b] indole (Harman) and 9H-pyrido [3,4-b]indole (Norharman) were the main HAAs in pan-fried andstewed samples. Types and contents of HAAs formed atdifferent cooking times using different methods are unique. Stewing in seasoning generated a higher HAAs contentthan the high-temperature cooking methods roasting,frying, and pan-frying.

Comparative proteomic analysis of parasitic loranthus seeds exposed to dehydration stress

Limei Pan,Lingyun Wan,Lili He,Lisha Song,Hairong Long,Xiaowen Ji,Ni Jiang,Juan Huo,Shugen Wei,Jine Fu 한국식물생명공학회 2021 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.15 No.1

Parasitic loranthus [Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser] is an important medicinal plant that produces recalcitrant seeds that are sensitive to dehydration. Desiccation tolerance is critical for the survival of recalcitrant seeds in low-moisture environments. Clarifying how these seeds respond to desiccation is important for long-term conservation. Thus, the viability, germination, microstructure, and antioxidant enzyme activities of dehydrated parasitic loranthus seeds were investigated. Diverse organelles were degraded or deformed during dehydration treatments. Additionally, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities gradually decreased in response to desiccation stress. A proteomic analysis involving TMT-labeling and LC–MS/ MS were performed. A total of 1479 proteins were identifed, of which 141 were diferentially expressed proteins (DEPs) at 16 and 36 h after initiating the dehydration treatments. A functional annotation based on gene ontology revealed that the DEPs were mainly localized in chloroplasts and were related to energy metabolism, responses to stimuli, and the regulation of biological processes. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis determined that several of the identifed proteins were associated with signal transductions, photosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. The results suggest that the efcient removal of excessive ROS amounts may be crucial for promoting parasitic loranthus seed germination under dehydration stress conditions. A series of candidate dehydration stress-related proteins were identifed and may be relevant for enhancing the dehydration tolerance of the recalcitrant seeds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the frst study to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of recalcitrant parasitic loranthus seeds to dehydration via a proteomic analysis involving TMT-labeling.

OSI-027 alleviates rapamycin insensitivity by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in hyperoxia-induced lung injury infant rats

Long Li,Liang Mulin,Yanling Liu,Wang Pan,Dang Hongxing 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2021 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.17 No.3

Background The mechanism of long time and high-concentration oxygen treatment leading to acute lung injury (ALI) or developmental lung disease in infants is currently unclear. Here we found that compared with the effect of rapamycin, pan-mTOR1/2 inhibitor OSI-027, alleviates hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI) by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in infant rats. Objective Infant rats were treated with continuous inhalation of 90% medical oxygen. Normal saline, rapamycin, or OSI-027 was intraperitoneally injected, and the status of lung injury was tested on days 3, 7, and 14. The activation of mTOR/AKT/TGFβ1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in normal and hyperoxia-treated live precision-cut lung tissues. The inhibitory effect of OSI-027 extended to the active state of other proteins implicated in mTOR1/2 signaling was demonstrated in hyperoxia-induced injured lung tissues. Results Our data demonstrate that hyperoxia-induced serious lung inflammation and fibrosis. OSI-027 significantly attenuated the pathological process of HILI, inhibit the phosphorylation of the primary downstream targets of mTORC1/C2, and reduce the activation of TGF-β1 signaling. Conclusions The results suggest that mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1/4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) signaling has an important effect during HILI with a potential meaning for the progress of novel anti-hyperoxia-injury strategies. Background The mechanism of long time and high-concentration oxygen treatment leading to acute lung injury (ALI) or developmental lung disease in infants is currently unclear. Here we found that compared with the effect of rapamycin, pan-mTOR1/2 inhibitor OSI-027, alleviates hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI) by modulation of mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling in infant rats. Objective Infant rats were treated with continuous inhalation of 90% medical oxygen. Normal saline, rapamycin, or OSI-027 was intraperitoneally injected, and the status of lung injury was tested on days 3, 7, and 14. The activation of mTOR/AKT/TGFβ1 and mTORC1/4E-BP1 signaling was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in normal and hyperoxia-treated live precision-cut lung tissues. The inhibitory effect of OSI-027 extended to the active state of other proteins implicated in mTOR1/2 signaling was demonstrated in hyperoxia-induced injured lung tissues. Results Our data demonstrate that hyperoxia-induced serious lung inflammation and fibrosis. OSI-027 significantly attenuated the pathological process of HILI, inhibit the phosphorylation of the primary downstream targets of mTORC1/C2, and reduce the activation of TGF-β1 signaling. Conclusions The results suggest that mTORC2/AKT/TGF-β1 and the rapamycin-insensitive mTORC1/4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) signaling has an important effect during HILI with a potential meaning for the progress of novel anti-hyperoxia-injury strategies.

Crack propagation in flexural fatigue of concrete using rheological-dynamical theory

Aleksandar Pančić,Dragan D. Milašinović,Danica Goleš 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2021 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.27 No.1

The concrete fatigue analysis can be performed with the use of fracture mechanics. The fracture mechanics defines the fatigue crack propagation as the relationship of crack growth rate and stress intensity factor. In contrast to metal, the application of fracture mechanics to concrete is more complicated and therefore many authors have introduced empirical expressions using Paris law. The topic of this paper is development of a new prediction of fatigue crack propagation for concrete using rheological-dynamical analogy (RDA) and finite element method (FEM) in the frame of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The static and cyclic fatigue three-point bending tests on notched beams are considered. Verification of the proposed approach was performed on the test results taken from the literature. The comparison between the theoretical model and experimental results indicates that the model proposed in this paper is valid to predict the crack propagation in flexural fatigue of concrete.

벤처기업의 아웃소싱 사례연구

강판국 한국중소기업학회 2003 기업가정신과 벤처연구 Vol.6 No.1

대동바이오텍은 본래 자동차부품의 UV 코팅을 전문으로 하는 소기업이었으나 우연히 저온에서도 원적외선이 방사되는 희귀성 약돌(pegmatite)로 만든 건강 팔찌를 만들어 주변 친지들에게 판매하게 되었다. 이를 사용해본 주변의 많은 사람들이 건강상에 좋으니 본격적으로 개발해보라는 권유에 따라 대학의 창업보육센터에 입주하였고, 지엽적 시장을 벗어나기 위하여 약돌을 미세분말하여 원단에 코팅처리한 원단을 이용하여 헬스 다이어트복을 개발하기로 결정하였다. 제품의 효능을 과학적으로 증명하여 소비자들에게 제품의 신뢰도를 높이고자 경북대학교의 물질화학연구소의 이광필 박사에게 의하였다. 연구프로젝트는 진행 내용은 다음과 같다. 1. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단을 개발 2. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단의 특성분석 3. 저온에서 원적외선이 방사되는 미세분말 코팅 섬유원단 헬스다이어트복 개발 4. 기능성 헬스다이어트복의 임상실험을 통한 신체에 미치는 효과측정 과학적 데이터가 갖추어져 상품의 신뢰도가 높아졌으므로 제품의 전국적 대량시장으로 확장시켜 나가기 위해서 벤처기업의 시장진입 모델 연구를 호서대학교 강판국 교수와 산학연구가 체결되어 진행 프로젝트 내용은 다음과 같다. 1. 제품의 디자인과 브랜드 'PANTAS'의 전략화 이성훈 교수의 자문하에 상표의 디자인과 브랜드를 바꾸고 상표등록 2. 매스미디어의 활용 매스컴의 벤처기업의 신개발품 신상품코너를 이용 제품 및 브랜드의 홍보 3. 마케팅 채널의 선택 1) 타켓 마케팅 전략: 헬스센터, 스포츠 센터/전문점을 이용한 판매전략 2) 다단계판매망을 통한 직접 판매채널 3) 전국적 대리점을 구축 4) 판매의 아웃소싱 벤처기업들의 대부분은 자원 및 기업 인프라의 부족이라는 태생적 문제를 여전히 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점들에 대한 해결의 단초를 제공할 수 있는 것이 아웃소싱 전략이다. 대학의 창업보육센터에 입주한 후 대학의 신뢰도와 인적인 네트워크를 이용하게 되었고 기술적 아웃소싱을 통하여 제품의 효능에 대해 과학적 증명을 통해 신뢰도를 높일 수 있었다. 경영적 아웃소싱을 통해 제품의 브랜드화, 매스미디어를 활용한 마케팅 프로모우션, 다양한 마케팅 채널 탐색과 전략을 전개해 볼 수 있었다. Daedong Bio-Tech Co. was a small business, whose primary business being UV coating of automobile parts. Daedong started to make health bracelets made of yakdol(pegmatite) emanating far-infrared rays and sold them to close acquaintances. Those who used the bracelet found that it helped their health. Encouraged by their responses, Daedong entered a business incubator operated by Keimyung University, and started to make health diet sportswear using fabrics coated with the powder of yak-dol. To secure consumer's confidence on the product by scientifically proving the effects of the product, the research was outsourced to The Material Chemical Research Institute of Kyungpook National University. The research showed that exercising wearing the product which emanates far infrared rays helps reduce fat through heightened body metabolism and the rapid circulation of the blood. This result helped Daedong to acquire confidences of consumers and distributors. The research project was conducted as follows. First, develop a fiber that emanates far-infrared light under normal temperature. Second, analyze the characteristics of a fiber that emanates far-infrared light under normal temperature. Third, develop health sportswear using the developed fiber. Fourth, measure the health effects of the sportswear through clinical tests. Also, developing marketing strategy was outsoursed to Prof. Kang Pan Kuk of Heseo University, and the project was was conducted as follows. 1. build a design and brand strategy 2. take full advantage of free mass media, such as new products introduction columns for venture companies 3. Selection of sales channel 1) determine the target market : health center, sports center/specialy stores 2) direct sales through network-marketing company 3) build up an nationwide agency 4) outsourcing of marketing function

최적화 기법을 이용한 AC Servo Motor의 최적 형상설계

申判錫,白制勳 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 1997 産業技術 Vol.7 No.-

This paper proposed the multi-1.2.objective shape optimization method of the closed type AC servo motor to minimize the cogging torque and to maximize efficiency. The field analysis is performed by finite element method and multi-objective programming using constrain method. To find a noninferior solution an advanced evolution strategy are employed In order to make a practical optimized design and faster convergence of the calculation 2 constrains are used ; the one is maximum cogging torque of 0.1[N.m] and the other is minimum efficiency of 90[%] The simulation result has brought an optimized shape of the motor and its performance is compared with those of the initial model. The final optimized model showed that the cogging torque is reduced by 46[%] and the efficiency is improved by 3.55[%] The multi-objective shape optimization algorithm would be a good application tool to design various types of motors and other actuators

CdTe 박막의 물성에 관한 연구

박판우,한재진,서동주 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1990 自然科學硏究 Vol.13 No.1

CdTe thin films were grown by vacuum evaporation method. The polystalline structure of these compounds determined by X-ray diffraction analysis was cubic structure with lattice constant a_o=6.474A. Electrical resistivity(ρ), Hall mobility(μ_H), Hall coefficient(R_H) and carrier concentration(n) measured by Hall effect of CdTe thin films which baked at 360℃ ambient Ar-gas were given ρ=1.046x10^-1Ωcm, μ_H=0.241x10^3cm^2/v·sec, R_H=0.252x10^2cm^3/coul., n=2.918x10^17cm^-3, respectively. CdTe thin films had allowed direct transitions and optical energy band gap measured to be 1.501 eV at 288K.

여행업의 인터넷마케팅 전략과 성과와의 관련성

김판영 문화관광연구학회 2000 문화관광연구 Vol.2 No.1

As the society of the 21st century is information-oriented, the role of information is very important at home and in business as well. The growth of the standard of living and the development of technology demand tourism industries to constantly challenge the environmental changes. They must prepare for the 21st century, understanding a travel agency's new environment in which information is a significant factor of business success. Therefore, this study is designed to maximize the efficient and effective operations of the travel agencies by analysing the correlation between the understanding of a travel agency on internet marketing strategy and business performance. When a travel agency has a plan to carry out internet marketing, the following points are suggested as guidelines. The internet marketing requires that it is to improve information quality as like company's product, service program, total travel service, and so on. To cultivate internet consultant will be essential element in future corporation environment.

비판적 사고교육의 내용 연구 : 가면극 자료를 중심으로 Focus on the Korean Mask Drama Texts

오판진 국어교육학회 2003 國語敎育學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

국어교육에서 비판적 사고교육의 필요성을 논의할 때 내용보다는 방법을 강조해 온 경향이 있다. 이 글에서는 내용을 중심으로 방법을 모색해야 한다는 주장을 제기하고, 가면극 채록본을 자료로 삼아 분석하였다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 하여 비판적 사고의 개념과 유형을 정의하고, 가면극 자료를 대상으로 하여 구안 할 수 있는 비판적 사고교육의 내용에 대해 논의하였다. 가면극 채록본에 정리된 자료는 실제로 공연상황에서 매우 가변적이기 때문에 대사 하나 하나의 의미보다는 그 대사들에 관철되고 있는 사고 과정에 주목해야 한다. 이런 관점에서 국어교육에서 해결해야 할 과제 가운데 하나인 비판적 사고교육의 문제를 해결하고자 시도하였다. 이 과정에서 정리한 핵심적인 내용을 간추리면 다음과 같다. 첫째 비판적 사고의 개념은 '어떤 주장이나 신념, 문제 등에 대해 준거(타당성, 신뢰성, 정확성, 가치 등)를 들어 해석, 추론, 논증, 평가하는 사고'를 말한다. 둘째 비판적 사고교육의 하위 유형으로는 1. 사실과 의견 구별하기 2. 근거의 타당성 확인하기 3. 다양한 관점에서 질문하기 4. 반론하기 5. 숨겨진 의미 파악하기를 들 수 있다. When we discuss about a critical thinking education in an korean education, there is a trend to emphasis methods more than contexts. This paper assert that a critical korean mask texts. On that research, this paper define the concepts and types of the critical thinking education, and make a contexts of that. In fact, a korean mask texts were varied in every performances. So that reason, we discuss about a thinking process more than a performing words. In this respect, this paper made researches in an critical thinking education. To make a long story short, this paper draw some conclusion. First, The concept of critical thinking is thinking process like a reasoning and a demonstration when we looking for an irrational part to solve a question, and presenting an evidence as a proof. Second, The Types of Critical Thinking are 1. Distinguishing between Fact and Opinion 2. Confirming a Validity of the basis 3. Questioning on a various point of view 4. A Refutation 5. Grasping a hided Meaning.

『수학 영재반』 활동 프로그램 개발 및 적용을 통한 창의적 문제 해결력 신장

정판진,오후진 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2002 과학교육연구 Vol.33 No.-

수학영재를 발굴하여 교육시키는 이유는 개인적인 발달 가능성과 잠재력을 최대한으로 개발시키고 신장시킴으로써 개인적인 만족감을 가지고 숙달된 상태에 이르게 하기 위한 것뿐만 아니라, 국가 발전과도 직결된다. 따라서 본 연구는 수학 영재교육에 대한 기초 작업의 일환으로 문헌고찰을 통하여 수학영재의 양한 특성을 살펴본 후, 그 특성을 바탕으로 하여 수학영재의 정의를 내리고, 수학영재를 선발하여 학교 현장에서 특기·적성 프로그램에 수학 영재 반을 운영하는데 연구의 토대를 두고 있다. The discovery and education of mathematically gifted students is closely related to the development of individual talents and the development of a nation. This study focuses on managing mathematically gifted students of talent-aptitude programs in junior high schools. For the purpose of this study, the various characteristics of mathematical giftedness and its definition based on individual characteristics were studied.