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The Practical Application of Aqueous Two-Phase Processes for the Recovery of Biological Products
MARCO, RITO-PALOMARES 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2002 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.12 No.4
Although the generic implementation of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) processes for the recovery of biological products has been exploited for several years, this has not resulted in a wide adoption of the technique. The main reasons involve the poor understanding of the mechanism governing phase formation and the behavior of solute partitioning in ATPS processes, the cost of phase forming polymers, and the necessary extended time to optimize the technique. In this review paper, some of the practical disadvantages attributed to ATPS are addressed. The practical approach exploited to design ATPS processes, the application to achieve process integration, the extended use for the recovery of high-value products, and the recent development of new low-cost ATPS, are discussed. It is proposed that the trend of the practical application of ATPS processes for the recovery of biological products will involve the purification of new high-value bioparticulate products with medical applications. Such a trend will give new impetus to the technique, and will draw attention from industries needing to develop new, and improve existing, commercial processes.
A case of COVID-19 immediately after liver transplantation: Not only bad news
Mikel Prieto,Mikel Gastaca,Patricia Ruiz,Alberto Ventoso,Ibone Palomares,Regino Jose Rodriguez-Alvarez,Patricia Salvador,Javier Bustamante,Andres Valdivieso 한국간담췌외과학회 2020 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.24 No.3
COVID-19, the illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus originated in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and has caused more 3,3 million cases and more than 230,000 deaths throughout the world, with 25,000 of them only in Spain, where the first case was diagnosed on January 31st, 2020. As COVID-19 is a “new” disease, we still do not have data on prognosis or treatment in transplant patients or on how to manage immunosuppression in this complex scenario. We present a case of COVID-19 diagnosed during the early postoperative period in a recipient whose liver transplantation was performed on late March during the lockdown in Spain, with donor and recipient previously negative rRT-PCR to SARS-CoV-2. In the first post-operative week the patient suffered COVID-19 pneumonia that was treated with immunosuppression minimization, oral Hydroxycloroquine and Azithromycin with favorable outcome. The patient was discharged on POD 21 without complications. To date, few early post-liver transplantation SARS-CoV-2 infected recipients have been published, but only one was an early postoperative infection. In our case the outcome was favorable, even though it was an early post -liver transplantation COVID-19 in a frail patient.
Mikel Prieto,Mikel Gastaca,Patricia Ruiz,Alberto Ventoso,Ibone Palomares,Arkaitz Perfecto,Andres Valdivieso 한국간담췌외과학회 2019 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.23 No.4
Surgery is the only treatment for biliary tract cancer with long term survival. Unfortunately, most patients are diagnosed at stage IV with distant metastases. In these circumstances, life expectancy is less than one year due to aggressive tumour biology and a lack of effective systemic therapies. HER2 overexpression or amplification is predominantly seen in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer (10-18%) and rarely in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (1%). Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets HER-2. We present a clinical case with a stage IV gallbladder cancer (liver and interaortocaval lymph node metastases), which presented progression during first-line chemotherapy treatment, which prompted a change in therapy to study the Her 2/Neu mutation which showed an intense positive overexpression. A combination of HER2/Neu-directed therapy (Trastuzumab) with second-line chemotherapy, was able to achieve a long term complete radiological, metabolic, and biochemical response. A curative intention surgery was performed and the patient is alive and recurrence-free at five years. To the best of our knowledge, we present a case which is the first report of a patient with a Stage IV gallbladder cancer who achieved a five-year survival without recurrence after a conversion therapy combining chemotherapy plus Trastuzumab and radical salvage surgery.
Oral cholera vaccine in cholera prevention and control, Malawi
M’bangombe, Maurice,Pezzoli, Lorenzo,Reeder, Bruce,Kabuluzi, Storn,Msyamboza, Kelias,Masuku, Humphreys,Ngwira, Bagrey,Cavailler, Philippe,Grandesso, Francesco,Palomares, Adriana,Beck, Namseon,Shaffer, World Health Organization 2018 Bulletin of the World Health Organization Vol.96 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Problem</B></P><P>With limited global supplies of oral cholera vaccine, countries need to identify priority areas for vaccination while longer-term solutions, such as water and sanitation infrastructure, are being developed.</P><P><B>Approach</B></P><P>In 2017, Malawi integrated oral cholera vaccine into its national cholera control plan. The process started with a desk review and analysis of previous surveillance and risk factor data. At a consultative meeting, researchers, national health and water officials and representatives from nongovernmental and international organizations reviewed the data and local epidemiological knowledge to determine priority districts for oral cholera vaccination. The final stage was preparation of an application to the global oral cholera vaccine stockpile for non-emergency use.</P><P><B>Local setting</B></P><P>Malawi collects annual data on cholera and most districts have reported cases at least once since the 1970s.</P><P><B>Relevant changes</B></P><P>The government’s application for 3.2 million doses of vaccine to be provided over 20 months in 12 districts was accepted in April 2017. By April 2018, over 1 million doses had been administered in five districts. Continuing surveillance in districts showed that cholera outbreaks were notably absent in vaccinated high-risk areas, despite a national outbreak in 2017–2018.</P><P><B>Lessons learnt</B></P><P>Augmenting advanced mapping techniques with local information helped us extend priority areas beyond those identified as high-risk based on cholera incidence reported at the district level. Involvement of the water, sanitation and hygiene sectors is key to ensuring that short-term gains from cholera vaccine are backed by longer-term progress in reducing cholera transmission.</P>
Molecular Cosensitization for Efficient Panchromatic Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Cid, Juan-José,Yum, Jun-Ho,Jang, Song-Rim,Nazeeruddin, Mohammad K.,Martí,nez-Ferrero, Eugenia,Palomares, Emilio,Ko, Jaejung,Grä,tzel, Michael,Torres, Tomá,s WILEY-VCH Verlag 2007 Angewandte Chemie Vol.46 No.44
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Dyeing together: An efficient panchromatic dye-sensitized solar cell is constructed by using a “molecular cocktail” composed of an organic dye and a zinc phthalocyanine (see picture). The use of multiple, complementary dyes (cosensitization) is an important step towards solar cells that operate across the full spectrum of solar irradiation. <img src='wiley_img/14337851-2007-46-44-ANIE200703106-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/14337851-2007-46-44-ANIE200703106-content'> </P>
Stewart, S. J.,Marco, J. F.,Crespo, P.,Romero, J. J.,Martí,nez, A.,Hernando, A.,Palomares, F. J.,Gonzá,lez, J. M. American Scientific Publishers 2007 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.7 No.11
<P>We report on the temperature dependencies of the Mössbauer spectra and the AC magnetic susceptibility measured in Cu-rich, FeMnCu samples prepared by mechanically alloying, using, on the one side, Cu and prealloyed FeMn powders and, on the other, pure element Cu, Mn, and Fe powders. From the correlation of the Mössbauer and susceptibility data we conclude about the basic characteristics of the phase distributions present in the different studied samples. Those distributions are a consequence of both the nanostructure induced upon milling and of the different signs of the Mn/Cu (negative) and Fe/Cu (positive) enthalpies of mixing. The proposed phase distributions are significantly different in the samples prepared from different precursors and this fact is analyzed in terms of the disproportion of the precursor FeMn alloy and in those of the favoured Mn/Cu interdiffusion and the hindered Fe/Cu one.</P>
Alida Ospina-Orejarena,Ricardo Vera-Graziano,Maria Monica Castillo-Ortega,Juan Paulo Hinestroza,Mabel Rodriguez-Gonzalez,Laura Palomares-Aguilera,Marissa Morales-Moctezuma,Alfredo Maciel-Cerda 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2016 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.13 No.4
Increasing bioactivity and mechanical properties of polymers to produce more suitable scaffold for tissue engineering is a recurrent goal in the development of new biomedical materials. In this study, collagen-functionalized poly (lactic acid), PLA, was obtained by means of a simple grafting route, and electrospun scaffolds were produced to grow cells in vitro; their bioactivity was compared with scaffolds made of physical blends of PLA and collagen. Grafting was verified via nuclear magnetic resonance, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The cell adhesion performance of the scaffolds was studied using macrophages. Elastic modulus (74.7 megapascals) and tensile strength (3.0 megapascals) of the scaffold made from PLA grafted with collagen were substantially higher than the scaffolds made from physical blends of collagen and PLA: 32 and 2.16 megapascals, respectively, implying a more resistant material because of the chemical bond of the polypeptide to PLA. Besides, the fibers had more uniform diameter without defects. Scaffolds made from PLA grafted with collagen presented four-fold increase in cell adhesion than those of PLA blended with collagen. Furthermore, cell spreading within the scaffolds occurred only when collagen-functionalized poly (lactic acid) was used. These results open a new option for the easy tailoring of nanofiber-based scaffolds in three dimensions for tissue engineering.
Choi, Hyunbong,Kim, Sanghoon,Kang, Sang Ook,Ko, Jaejung,Kang, Moon-Sung,Clifford, John N.,Forneli, Amparo,Palomares, Emilio,Nazeeruddin, Mohammad K.,Grä,tzel, Michael WILEY-VCH Verlag 2008 Angewandte Chemie Vol.47 No.43
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Doubly sensitized: Stepwise cosensitization is carried out on Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-coated nanocrystalline TiO<SUB>2</SUB> layers using two organic dyes (JK-2 and SQ1) having complementary spectral absorption bands in the visible region. The Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> coating results in the retardation of the interfacial charge recombination dynamics at the oxide/sensitizer interface and improves the overall performance of the dye-sensitized solar cells. CB=conduction band. <img src='wiley_img/14337851-2008-47-43-ANIE200802852-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/14337851-2008-47-43-ANIE200802852-content'> </P>
Garcí,a-Iglesias, Miguel,Yum, Jun-Ho,Humphry-Baker, Robin,Zakeeruddin, Shaik M.,Pé,chy, Peter,Vá,zquez, Purificació,n,Palomares, Emilio,Grä,tzel, Michael,Nazeeruddin, Moham Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Chemical science Vol.2 No.6
<P>We have designed and developed an unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine (TT9) sensitizer that consists of three <I>tert</I>-butyl and two carboxylic acid groups that act as “<I>push</I>” and “<I>pull</I>”, respectively. The two carboxylic acid groups graft the sensitizer onto the semiconductor surface resulting in enhanced stability under heat and light compared to the similar unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine (TT1) sensitizer that consists of three <I>tert</I>-butyl and only one carboxylic acid groups. The solar cells containing the TT9 and TT1 sensitizers with non-volatile electrolyte were subjected to light soaking conditions at 60 °C. Under these conditions, the short circuit current of the TT1 sensitized solar cell after 1000 h decreases to half of its initial value where as the TT9 sensitized solar cell remained the same demonstrating the influence of number of anchoring groups on the stability of zinc phthalocyanine sensitized solar cells.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Phthalocyanine TT9 (red) grafts onto the semiconductor surface resulting in enhanced stability compared to TT1 (black). <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0sc00602e'> </P>