Unit Root and Cointegration Tests of Puraching Power Parity in the Pacific Rim

Kim, Jin_ock 제주대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.34 No.1

구매력평가설(Thory of Purchasing Power Parity)에 관한 문헌을 개관하여 보면 구매력평가설이 성립하기 위한 가정의 적합성에 관하여 상당한 논란의 여지가 있음을 알 수 있다. 지금까지 행해진 경험적 분석들은 미국·유럽 및 일본경제에 있어서 구매력 평가설의 성립여부를 검정한 것 들이었다. 이러한 검정결과들은 구매력평가설이 성립하는 것을 옹호하는 편이지만, 그 암묵적 가정은 구매력평가설이 유사한 산업구조를 갖고 있는 국가들 사이에 성립한다는 것이다. 그러나 이러한 가정은 적절하지 못하다. 이러한 관점에서, 한국경제를 주축으로 한 환태평양지역에서 구매력평가설의 성과를 규명코자 시계열분석의 일환인 공적분 검정(Cointegration Test)과 단위근 검정(Unit Root Test)을 하였다. 공적분 검정결과에 의하면 태국을 제외한 국가들(미국, 독일, 일본, 필리핀, 인도)에 있어서 구매력평가설은 성립하지 않았다. 즉 한국경제에 있어서 구매력평가설은 성립하지 않음을 알 수 있다. 전형적인 이론에 의하면, 단기에 있어서 통화공급충격은 구매력평가의 편차를 야기하지만, 장기에 있어서 이러한 편차는 소멸된다. 반면에 실질충격(Oil Shock, 정부지출)은 단기 또는 장기에서 구매력평가의 편차를 야기한다. 따라서 본 논문의 항후 연구과제는 환태평양지역에서 구매력평가설이 성립하지 않음을 이론적으로 재규명하고 동시에 경험적 분석을 하는 데 있다.

Scrambling of Adjunct and Last Resort

Cho, Jai Hyoung,Kim, Ock Hwan 대한언어학회 1999 언어학 Vol.7 No.2

Cho, Jai-Hyoung and Kim, Ock-Hwan. 1999. Scrambling of Adjunct and Last Resort. Linguistics 7-$ 39-59. This paper deals with long-distance scrambling of adjuncts in Korean and Japanese with respect to the Last Resort principle. It is claimed that long-distance scrambled arguments are base-generated in the surface non-θ IP-adjoined position and that they must be obligatorily lowered into their θ-position at LF to check their θ-role feature, which is regarded as a movement-driving formal feature. Long-distance scrambled adjuncts are also argued to be base-generated in the IP-adjoined position. Unlike their argument counterparts, they are licensed there since adjuncts do not have any Case or θ-requirement. Thus, they must not be lowered into the embedded clause which they modify, otherwise the Last Resort principle would be violated. (Ajou University)

학습장애학생을 위한 그래픽 조직자(graphic organizer)의 이론적 근거와 적용

강옥려 이화여자대학교 특수교육연구소 2004 특수교육 Vol.3 No.1

본 연구는 그래픽 조직자의 역사적 배경과 이론적 근거, 학습장애 학생의 읽기 이해의 특성을 살펴보고, 교육현장에서 그래픽 조직자를 적용할 수 있는 영역들을 제시하였다 학생들의 학습을 증진시키기 위한 교수 젼략으로써 그래픽 조직자는 산문 형태로 쓰여진 사전 조직자, 중요한 개념들을 시각·언어적 형태로 나타낸 구조화 도니 개요을 거쳐 발전된 것이다. 그래픽 조직자의 사용에 대한 이론적 근거들은 부호와 원리 도식이로느 교과구조와 고나련이 있으며 이것의 기본 가정은 논리적이나 수행된 연구는 그리 많지 않고, 연구 결과들고 일관성이 없어왔다. 그러나 학습장애의 경우, 그래픽 조직자의 중재 효과를 조사한 메타 분석 결과는 긍정적인 효과가 있었음을 밝히고 있다. 즉, 그래픽 조직자가 내용교과 영역에서 학습장애학생들의 읽기 이해와 학습을 향상시키는데 효과적임을 지적해주었다. 그래픽 조직자는 교육현장에서, 내용교과 영역의 학습, 쓰기 보고서 작성, 평가를 하는데 있어서 적절하게 적용될 수있다. 그러나 그래픽 조직자를 잘 적용하기 위해서는 그래픽 조직자의 구성, 자료, 학생 변인과 관련된 여러가지 문제들이 해결되어야한다. The purpose of this study was to examin the theoretical of graphic organizer and the characteristics for reading comprehension of students with learning disabilities present some areas for applications of gaphic organizer(GO) in educational practices GO has been commonly recommended as a mediational strategy to improve students` learning over the past 20 years. The use of GO in textbooks and in computer software has increased dramatically. The theoretical underpinnings for the use of GO are related to encoding principle, schema theory, and text structures and their assumptions seem logical. Nonetheless, research in this area has been limited and research findings have been tentative. However, a meta-analysis for GO intervention studies conducted for enhancing students` learning offered evidence demonstrating positive effects for students with learning disabilities. In other words, results of this study imply that GO can be effective to facilitate and scaffold learning of students with learning disabilities in content areas. In educational practices. GOs can be properly applied to assessment, learning in content areas, writing, and reporting. However, in order for students with learning disabilities to well use GOs, GO research has several issues to solve; the degree of students` involvement in construction; type of GO; text structure or type of information; the level of difficulty of a text; student`s prior knowledge for text structure; length of intervention and extensive practice

老人의 活動量이 體型 및 열량 필요량에 미치는 영향(II) : 老年期 女性의 體型을 중심으로 Focusing on the Body Types of Elderly Women

함옥상 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 1990 科學論集 Vol.16 No.-

Of all the problems on the clothing for the elderly,that of clothing construction according to the changes in their appearance and physique is the most outstanding. For the purpose of studying the changes in the body types of elderly women, this paper examined from five view points:age, toughness of the work of past, and present, the amount of calorie intake and residential area. And also it analyzed the body measurements and the silhouettes of the photographs of the elderly. The result of the examination is as follows. 1. Age The analysis of the body measurements showed that for most of the items the sizes tended to be smaller with ages and that for the items of girth and depth, the sizes of those who were from 65 to 69 years old were the largest. The photographs revealed that as they grew older, the elderly women had more bent waists and knees and less protrusive upper trunks and abdomens. 2. Toughness of the work of past After all measurements it was seen that for all the items the sizes of those who underwent tough work in the past were samller than those of the women who did easy work. In particular their sizes in the items of girth and weight turned out to be smaller. The photographs showed those women with tough work of past had more bent waists and kness and less protrusive upper trunks and abdomens. 3. Toughness of the work of present The body measurements showed us that the elderly women who did tough work of present had larger sized in the items of height. And in the items of girth, the sizes of their busts, waists, abdomens and hips were smaller but the sixes of thighs and upper arms were larger. The photographs revealed that the elderly women who did tough work of present had less bent backs and knees, and less protrusive abdomen and upper trunks. 4. Amount of calorie Intake The body measurements revealed that those who had much intake of calorie had larger sixes in the items of girth. weight and stature. The photographs made it known that those who had much intake of calorie had more protrusive upper trunks and abdomens. 5. Residential Area The body measurements showed residential areas made little difference in the sixes of items but those living in cities had a little larger sizes in the items of girth, stature and weigth. The photographs revealed that those in cities had protrusive hip and a little bent waist.

건강가정을 위한 시간관리전략

채옥희,하영숙 원광대학교 생활자원개발연구소 2005 생활자원개발연구 Vol.7 No.-

With the recently increasing need for more theoretical approach on family resources aiming healthy family in the society, this study is to emphasize how important time, a personal resource, means for a healthy family and to seek how effectively time can be managed by referring to some documents. The followings are to be suggested in order for anyone to be able to apply by oneself to achieve a healthy family. First, time should be planned minute by minute. Second, prioritization should be done. Third, deadline should be made. Fourth, day planner and keeping a journal on it are recommended.

중년 여성의 하반신 체형 분석에 관한 연구

함옥상,심정희,박장숙 啓明大學校 生活科學硏究所 2002 科學論集 Vol.- No.-

The purpose of this study is to analysis somatotype of middle-aged women's lower body, the actual numerical figures of subjects' body were analyzed Second, using some important factors of shaping the lower body, all the data were categorized into several distinctive types. The results of the study are as follows. 1. Seven factors were derived from analyzing the data gathered by actually measuring the subjects' body. Factor 1 is the length of lower half of the body, factor 2 is the thickness of waist and abdomen, factor 3 is the thickness of the calf and ankle, factor 4 is the thickness of hip and thigh, factor 5 is the thickness of knees, factor 6 is the length of hip and back depth, factor 7 is the width of hip and thigh. 2. On a basis of analyzing the above factors, all the subjects were classified into four distinctive types. Type 1 can be characterized as the shortest and the stoutest type, which has a heavy waist, prominent abdomen, large hip and thigh, while the calves and the ankles are thin. Type 2 is generally long and thin type whose length of hip and back depth is quite short while the thickness of things is the slimmest of all types. Type 3 is tall but the length of hip and back depth is the longest of all and the thickness of hop and thigh is also high. Type 4 is comparatively medium-length and medium-build, however, the length of hip and back depth is the shortest of all types, while the thickness of calf and ankle is the thickest of all. 4. Age distribution for each type is shown as follows: Type 1 is most liable in the age group of 50∼54, and then in 45∼49, 40∼44. Type 2 is most likely in the age group of 45∼49, and then in 50∼54, 40∼44. Type 3 is mostly found in the age group of 40∼44, and then 50∼54, 45∼49. Finally, type 4 is close to the age group 40∼44, and then 45∼49, but is far from the age group 50∼54. 4. These are the ranges of Ro¨hrer's Index according to the types. Type 1 is mostly shown in heavy-builders, and then medium-builders, which is hardly found in thin people. Type 2 is usually found in medium-builders, and then in this people. Type 3 is the same as type 2 Type 4 is also mostly found in medium-builders, and then in heavy-builders.

司書와 圖書館 利用者間의 커뮤니케이션 機能

盧玉順 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1978 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.32 No.-

Human acts and activities generate for the most part information requirements for various needs and purposes. At the moment a man is faced with particular problems, a sense of imperfection, or a certain incompleteness, he will deliberate on formal and informal methods to solve them. He may choose the library or information center as one of several possible alternatives. It is at this point that library background / information service begins. After the librarian makes an effective effort to find out the background of the patron and the situation of his information needs, he then executes the search on behalf of the patron. The pertinence of the information and materials found is also evaluated and judged within this recognition of the two people involved. It means the selection of precisely that quantity and quality of information which will help the customer fill his real information need. In order words, it means screening out misinformation and inadequate information. Without doubt, the most important step that will greatly influence success or failure of the whole information service process is interpersonal communication between the librarian and patron to negotiate and find out the real information requirement. There is some distance between the inquiry: that is, the patron's expressed need and his real need, because in this endeavor one person tries to describe for another person not something he knows well but rather something he does not know. Librarians, therefore, can recall numerous experiences when the user's inquiry is vague and hard to understand. It can be said that the degree of accordance between inquiry and real information need depends upon the inquirer's understanding of his need and the ability to express this meaningfully to the librarian. Consequently, an inquiry is usually looked upon not as an absolute set request or command that can not be changed or revised, but it is rather considered as a description of area of doubt in which the question is open-ended, negotiable, and allows mutual exploration and eventual agreement that satisfies both the librarian and customer. The first objective of interpersonal communication between reference librarian and customer is, of course, in identification and clarification of real information requirement through negotiation. The following steps-translation of this need into system language, plan and design of search strategy, actual search, and delivery of information found--- will be affected by the operation of this communication process. The second, and in a sense more significant, meaning of communication lies in the establishment of a continuing, harmonious, and confident human relationship. Even if he the answer is not found or unsatisfactory, the contented user is likely to leave the library and come back to the librarian for consultation with the thought that his request has been communicated and seriously considered. I this circumstance the effort the library to be used at maximum capacity is justified and accomplished. This paper examines the general pattern of interpersonal communication during the library information service process in terms of these two major objectives. An attempt is made to outline and structure the boundaries for effective communication. Some of the problems and barriers that hinder the interface are analyzed, with suggestions that reference/information librarians should learn, keep in mind, and practice.

인문과학자의 연구진행특성과 도서관 : 정보요구와 정보관리의 제 현상에 관한 분석

노옥순 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1989 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.55 No.-

The main intention of this paper is to look into the matters affecting the library that deals with the humanities. Based on comprehensive literature survey and analysis, information needs of scholars in the humanities and the role of the library as an information center are reconsidered in some detail. In fact, the behavioral research on scientists and social scientist in their scholarly communication and use of libraries has long been of interest to those in library and information science field. The research results have implied much on library operations and services. Types of materials acquired, use of subject specialist system, and better secondary services are some of the examples affected by the findings. Similar research efforts on the humanities began to be regularly reported in the 70 's. They treat mainly the difference between the aims, methods and styles of research people in the humanities as distinct from other disciplines. This disparate nature of knowledge and its communication suggests accordingly different approaches in various library policies and decision-making. The subject of this paper, therefore, is not the content of scholarship in the humanities, but information transfer. Special concern is on storage, retrieval and dissemination of information. Library as one of the most important information transfer institution comes naturally in the center of the subject. General characteristics of the humanities studies are observed first. Information needs of the scholars are analyzed along with their communication and research processes in the next section. What follows is the materials they need. These are reviewed in terms of quantity, quality, life span, and other aspects. Outstanding difficulties and problems that the humanities library face are brought out with some suggested ways to improve the situation. Collection management, inter-library cooperation, and secondary services (bibliographies, indexes, abstracts) are areas that still remain to be investigated for improvement.

정보써어비스의 새로운 추세와 적용문제에 관한 고찰

노옥순 韓國圖書館學會 1986 圖書館學 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this article is to take a look into the past twenty years and to evaluate the changes in the organization of the library and the information function during this time period. Academic and special libraries are the ones that have made an impressive progress and innovations to keep pace with a changing environment. New technologies and ideas have brought strong supporters of offering various specialized information services to the library users. The different approaches and experiments to better perform this professional role in the library and in turn, the efforts in the educational institutions to meet the challenges were reviewed through the literature. Much of the literature available regarding the reference and information function deals mainly with the trends in the u.s. libraries. The implications of these trends to Korean libraries and library education are sought in view of our social, economic, and educational circumstances as well as our user behavior

家庭生活의 類型化를 위한 Life Style

蔡玉嬉 圓光大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.18 No.2

The purpose of this study is to systematize the notion of life style in home economics and to understand the system of life style as a home management one. According to the results of this study, life study can be grasped through the home management style with the family life system as the central one, but it is a problem to research a concrete way that we correctly investigate and analyze an unified life style among the various family lives, and effectively use the analyzed tendency of family life in home economics. Some recommendations to solve this problem are as follows. 1. To foresee the future life style by analyzing the changing process of past and present life style and discovering the new tendency, based on the home management doings. 2. To select more effective methods in point of the variable of life style or the establishment of using and holidng pattern of family life. 3. To considerate more standard analyzing method of life style. 4. To develop an improving and resonable method or skill which correlates life style with home economics.