Three‐dimensional Simulations of MHD Jet Propagation through Uniform and Stratified External Environments

O’Neill, S. M.,Tregillis, I. L.,Jones, T. W.,Ryu, Dongsu IOP Publishing 2005 The Astrophysical journal Vol.633 No.2

Augered, Cast-In-Place Piles in the United States

Michael W. O’ Neill,Min Gu Kim 한국지반공학회 2002 지반 : 한국지반공학회지 Vol.18 No.8

Evolving Cancer Classification in the Era of Personalized Medicine: A Primer for Radiologists

Ailbhe C. O’Neill,Jyothi P. Jagannathan,Nikhil H. Ramaiya 대한영상의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.18 No.1

Traditionally tumors were classified based on anatomic location but now specific genetic mutations in cancers are leading to treatment of tumors with molecular targeted therapies. This has led to a paradigm shift in the classification and treatment of cancer. Tumors treated with molecular targeted therapies often show morphological changes rather than change in size and are associated with class specific and drug specific toxicities, different from those encountered with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. It is important for the radiologists to be familiar with the new cancer classification and the various treatment strategies employed, in order to effectively communicate and participate in the multi-disciplinary care. In this paper we will focus on lung cancer as a prototype of the new molecular classification.

AMPK and Exercise: Glucose Uptake and Insulin Sensitivity

Hayley M. O’Neill 대한당뇨병학회 2013 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.37 No.2

AMPK is an evolutionary conserved sensor of cellular energy status that is activated during exercise. Pharmacological activation of AMPK promotes glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and insulin sensitivity; processes that are reduced in obesity and contribute to the development of insulin resistance. AMPK deficient mouse models have been used to provide direct genetic evidence either supporting or refuting a role for AMPK in regulating these processes. Exercise promotes glucose uptake by an insulin dependent mechanism involving AMPK. Exercise is important for improving insulin sensitivity; however, it is not known if AMPK is required for these improvements. Understanding how these metabolic processes are regulated is important for the development of new strategies that target obesity-induced insulin resistance. This review will discuss the involvement of AMPK in regulating skeletal muscle metabolism (glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and insulin sensitivity).

Combatting Student Alienation: Community Building in the Academic Philosophy Café

Rory O’Neill,Wang Huiling 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2021 Journal of Humanities Therapy Vol.12 No.1

AMPK and Exercise: Glucose Uptake and Insulin Sensitivity

Hayley M. O’Neill 대한당뇨병학회 2013 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.37 No.1

AMPK is an evolutionary conserved sensor of cellular energy status that is activated during exercise. Pharmacological activation of AMPK promotes glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and insulin sensitivity; processes that are reduced in obesity and contribute to the development of insulin resistance. AMPK deficient mouse models have been used to provide direct genetic evidence either supporting or refuting a role for AMPK in regulating these processes. Exercise promotes glucose uptake by an insulin dependent mechanism involving AMPK. Exercise is important for improving insulin sensitivity; however,it is not known if AMPK is required for these improvements. Understanding how these metabolic processes are regulated is important for the development of new strategies that target obesity-induced insulin resistance. This review will discuss the involvement of AMPK in regulating skeletal muscle metabolism (glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and insulin sensitivity).

Effect of Xylanase on Performance and Apparent Metabolisable Energy in Starter Broilers Fed Diets Containing One Maize Variety Harvested in Different Regions of China

O'Neill, H.V. Masey,Liu, N.,Wang, J.P.,Diallo, A.,Hill, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.4

The objective of this study was to investigate the variability in broiler performance, apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and ileal digestible energy (IDE) between five different maize samples fed with and without xylanase at 16,000 U/kg. Various in vitro characterisations were conducted to determine if any could predict performance or AME. Samples of the maize were harvested in five diverse regions and fed individually in a mash diet as follows (g/kg): test maize 608.3; soya bean meal (SBM) 324.1; poultry fat 25.2; salt 4.6; met 2.6; lys 1.6; thr 0.5; limestone 9.7, dical 18.4; vit/min 5.0; CP 210 and ME (kcal/kg) 3,085. The diets were fed to 720 broilers with 6 replicates, each containing 12 birds per treatment, from 0 to 18 d of age. Maize samples were analysed for starch, protein, crude fibre, fat, protein solubility index (PSI) and vitreousness using near infra red reflectance spectroscopy (NIR). They were also assayed using an in vitro starch digestibility method. The results showed that there was no effect of harvest region on the feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG) or feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the broilers over the 18 d period (p = 0.959, 0.926, 0.819 respectively). There was an improvement in all parameters with the addition of xylanase (FI p = 0.011; BWG and FCR p<0.001). There was a significant positive effect of xylanase on IDE, AME, IDE Intake (IDEI) and AME intake (AMEI) (p<0.0001 in all cases). Although there was no significant effect of maize source, there was a strong trend towards variability in IDE (p = 0.066) and AME (p = 0.058). There were no significant correlations (p<0.05) between any proximate or physiochemical values and any performance or AME values. This may suggest that none of those selected were suitable predictors for performance or AME. The broilers performed well according to the breed guidelines, with slightly increased FI, increased BWG and similar FCR prior to the addition of xylanase. When FCR and BWG were analysed with FI as a covariate, xylanase addition remained significant suggesting that the improvement in BWG and FCR was driven by an increase in digestibility and nutrient availability.

3D SIMULATIONS OF RADIO GALAXY EVOLUTION IN CLUSTER MEDIA

O'NEILL SEAN M.,SHEARER PAUL,TREGILLIS IAN L.,JONES THOMAS W.,RYU DONGSU The Korean Astronomical Society 2004 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.37 No.5

We present a set of high-resolution 3D MHD simulations exploring the evolution of light, supersonic jets in cluster environments. We model sets of high- and low-Mach jets entering both uniform surroundings and King-type atmospheres and propagating distances more than 100 times the initial jet radius. Through complimentary analyses of synthetic observations and energy flow, we explore the detailed interactions between these jets and their environments. We find that jet cocoon morphology is strongly influenced by the structure of the ambient medium. Jets moving into uniform atmospheres have more pronounced backflow than their non-uniform counterparts, and this difference is clearly reflected by morphological differences in the synthetic observations. Additionally, synthetic observations illustrate differences in the appearances of terminal hotspots and the x-ray and radio correlations between the high- and low-Mach runs. Exploration of energy flow in these systems illustrates the general conversion of kinetic to thermal and magnetic energy in all of our simulations. Specifically, we examine conversion of energy type and the spatial transport of energy to the ambient medium. Determination of the evolution of the energy distribution in these objects will enhance our understanding of the role of AGN feedback in cluster environments.

3D MHD interactions of jets with cluster media

O'Neill, S. M.,Jones, T. W.,Tregillis, I. L.,Ryu, D. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2006 Astronomische Nachrichten Vol.327 No.5

<P>As an initial step in a program to examine the interactions of AGN jets with magnetized cluster media, we have carried out high resolution, 3D MHD medium-to-high luminosity jet simulations in both uniform and stratified, cluster-like atmospheres extending over distances ∼ 200 kpc. The steady jets asymptotically deposit approximately 1/2 of their power into ambient thermal energy, almost independent of the jet Mach number or the external density gradient. Nearly 1/4 of the jet power goes directly into irreversible, dissipative heating of the ICM. The remaining energy is mostly stored in the jet backflow cocoon. Magnetic energy introduced by the jet is generally amplified, especially by sheared flows. We also examined the dynamical evolution of the jets and their cocoons, comparing them to simple analytic models. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</P>

Aldosterone-mediated apical targeting of ENaC subunits is blunted in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.

O'Neill, Heidi,Lebeck, Janne,Collins, Patrick B,Kwon, Tae-Hwan,Frøkiaer, Jørgen,Nielsen, Søren Springer International ; Oxford University Press 2008 Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation Vol.23 No.5

<P>BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a significant polyuria and natriuesis as well as increased plasma aldosterone and anti-diuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP). This study aimed to determine whether diabetic kidneys compensate for the urinary sodium and water losses by increasing apical targeting of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) subunits and aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in the collecting duct, in addition to the previously observed changes in ENaC subunit protein expression in different kidney zones. METHODS: Female rats were investigated 2 weeks after induction of DM by streptozotocin administration. Kidneys were examined by immunohistochemisty and semiquantitative immunoblotting. RESULTS: We demonstrated that the protein expression of renal AQP2, Ser-256 phosphorylated AQP2, AQP3, beta- and gamma-ENaC (but not alpha-ENaC) increased consistently with an increased AVP response. In contrast, there were no significant changes in the relative apical targeting of beta-, gamma- and alpha-ENaC, and the shift in the molecular weight of gamma-ENaC from 85 kDa to 70 kDa was not observed despite increased plasma aldosterone levels. These results were supported by changes in the functional data showing increased solute-free water reabsorption, increased fractional excretion of sodium and an unchanged ratio of potassium to sodium in the urine. CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrate that diabetic kidneys have a reduced sensitivity to the anti-natriuretic action of elevated plasma aldosterone levels with no relative increase in ENaC subunit apical targeting, whereas there is increased expression of beta- and gamma-ENaC, which alone may play a role in the increased sodium reabsorption in the kidney in DM.</P>