Production of Recombinant Humanized Anti-HBsAg Fab Fragment from Pichia pastoris by Fermentation

Ning Deng,Jun Jian Xiang,Qing Zhang,Sheng Xiong,Wen Yin Chen,Gui Rong Rao,Xun Zhang Wang 한국생활환경학회 2005 BMB Reports Vol.38 No.3

Determination of Urban Surface Aerodynamic Characteristics Using Marquardt Method

Zhang, Ning,Jiang, Weimei,Gao, Zhiqiu,Hu, Fei,Peng, Zhen Techno-Press 2009 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.12 No.3

Marquardt method is used to estimate the aerodynamic parameters in urban area of Beijing City, China, including displacement length (d), roughness length ($z_0$) and friction velocity (u*) and drag coefficient. The surface drag coefficient defined as the ratio between friction velocity and mean wind speed is 0.125 in our research, which is close to typical urban area value. The averaged d and $z_0$ are 1.2 m and 7.6 m. d and $z_0$ change with direction because of the surface heterogeneity over urban surface and reach their maximum values at S-SW sector, this tendency agrees with the surface rough element distribution around the observation tower.

Wind tunnel observation on the effect of a porous wind fence on shelter of saltating sand particles

Zhang, Ning,Kang, Jong-Hoon,Lee, Sang-Joon Elsevier 2010 Geomorphology Vol.120 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A porous wind fence is an artificial barrier widely employed to abate wind erosion. This study investigated the shelter effect of a porous wind fence on saltating sand in a simulated atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). A wind fence with a porosity <I>ε</I>=38.5% was installed on a flat bed of sand collected from a beach (diameter, <I>d</I>=200–300μm). A high-speed digital camera was used to capture consecutive images of saltating sand particles around the fence at a frame rate of 4000 frames per second (fps). In addition, the particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) method was employed to extract the instantaneous velocity fields of saltating sand particles. From these data, the mean velocity and volume concentration of saltating sand, mass flux, and kinetic energy were evaluated. As a result, the mean velocities decrease dramatically on the leeward side of the fence, and a high-velocity region exists in the shear layer above the fence. The sand mass flux distributions with height around the fence are represented by an exponential function. Both the particle concentration and mass flux decay largely in the leeward region. The present experimental results can provide useful information to understand sand transport through a porous fence and allow the creation of a new control measure of wind erosion of sand particles.</P>

Effects of boron source composition ratio on the microstructure and adsorption performance of hexagonal boron nitride prepared by template method

Zhang Ning,Liu Huan,Zhang Tianwen,Kan Hongmin,Wang Xiaoyang,Cui Xingyu 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2016 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.17 No.3

The paper was prepared spherical hexagonal boron nitride with different microstructures under flowing ammoniaatmosphere. The effect of boron source component ratios (molar ratio of borax and boric acid) on the phase composition ofthe sample were studied: the work also explored the effect of boron source component ratio on the microstructure andadsorption performance of h-BN. Spherical hexagonal boron nitride had corresponding to shell structure, mesoporousstructure, and solid structure when the ratio of boron source components respectively was 1 : 0.5, 1 : 1, and 1 : 2. Between 1 : 1and 1:0.5, the former had an lower adsorptions at low relative pressures. On the contrary, the adsorption of former wouldincreased at higher relative pressures and reached up 276.02 cm3 g−1, and the maximum adsorption of the latter reached only228.20 cm3 g−1. Under any relative pressure, the adsorption capacity was the lowest when the boron source composition ratiowas 1 : 2.

Famine exposure in early life and type 2 diabetes in adulthood: findings from prospective studies in China

Ning Feng,Zhao Jing,Zhang Lei,Wang Weijing,Sun Xiaohui,Song Xin,Zhang Yanlei,Xin Hualei,Gao Weiguo,Gao Ruqin,Zhang Dongfeng,Pang Zengchang 한국영양학회 2023 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.17 No.4

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between famine exposure in early life and the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood during the 1959–1961 Chinese Famine. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 3,418 individuals aged 35–74 years free of diabetes from two studies in 2006 and 2009 were followed up prospectively in 2009 and 2012, respectively. Famine exposure was classified as unexposed (individuals born in 1962–1978), fetal exposed (individuals born in 1959–1961), child exposed (individuals born in 1949–1958), and adolescent/adult exposed (born in 1931–1948). A logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between famine exposure and diabetes after adjustment for potential covariates. RESULTS: During a three-year follow-up, the age-adjusted incidence rates of type 2 diabetes were 5.7%, 14.5%, 12.7%, and 17.8% in unexposed, fetal-exposed, child-exposed, and adolescent/adult-exposed groups, respectively (P < 0.01). Relative to the unexposed group, the relative risks (95% confidence inter val) for diabetes were 2.15 (1.29–3.60), 1.53 (0.93– 2.51), and 1.65 (0.75–3.63) in the fetal-exposed, child-exposed, and adolescent/adult-exposed groups, after controlling for potential covariates. The interactions between famine exposure and obesity, education level, and family histor y of diabetes were not obser ved, except for the urbanization type. Individuals living in rural areas with fetal and childhood famine exposure were at a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, with relative risks of 8.79 (1.82–42.54) and 2.33 (1.17–4.65), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that famine exposure in early life is an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes, particularly in women. Early identification and inter vention may help prevent diabetes in later life.

Application of Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer

Zhang, Ping,Zhong, Shuncong,Zhang, Junxi,Ding, Jian,Liu, Zhenxiang,Huang, Yi,Zhou, Ning,Nsengiyumva, Walter,Zhang, Tianfu Optical Society of Korea 2020 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.4 No.1

The feasibility of the application of terahertz electromagnetic waves in the diagnosis of prostate cancer was examined. Four samples of incomplete cancerous prostatic paraffin-embedded tissues were examined using terahertz spectral imaging (TPI) system and the results obtained by comparing the absorption coefficient and refractive index of prostate tumor, normal prostate tissue and smooth muscle from one of the paraffin tissue masses examined were reported. Three hundred and sixty cases of absorption coefficients from one of the paraffin tissues examined were used as raw data to classify these three tissues using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM). An excellent classification with an accuracy of 92.22% in the prediction set was achieved. Using the distribution information of THz reflection signal intensity from sample surface and absorption coefficient of the sample, an attempt was made to use the TPI system to identify the boundaries of the different tissues involved (prostate tumors, normal and smooth muscles). The location of three identified regions in the terahertz images (frequency domain slice absorption coefficient imaging, 1.2 THz) were compared with those obtained from the histopathologic examination. The tissue tumor region had a distinctively visible color and could well be distinguished from other tissue regions in terahertz images. Results indicate that a THz spectroscopy imaging system can be efficiently used in conjunction with the proposed advanced computer-based mathematical analysis method to identify tumor regions in the paraffin tissue mass of prostate cancer.

A large eddy simulation on the effect of buildings on urban flows

Zhang, Ning,Jiang, Weimei,Miao, Shiguang Techno-Press 2006 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.9 No.1

The effect of buildings on flow in urban canopy is one of the most important problems in local/micro-scale meteorology. A large eddy simulation model is used to simulate the flow structure in an urban neighborhood and the bulk effect of the buildings on surrounding flows is analyzed. The results demonstrate that: (a) The inflow conditions affect the detailed flow characteristics much in the building group, including: the distortion or disappearance of the wake vortexes, the change of funneling effect area and the change of location, size of the static-wind area. (b) The bulk effect of the buildings leads to a loss of wind speed in the low layer where height is less than four times of the average building height, and this loss effect changes little when the inflow direction changes. (c) In the bulk effect to environmental fields, the change of inflow direction affects the vertical distribution of turbulence greatly. The peak value of the turbulence energy appears at the height of the average building height. The attribution of fluctuations of different components to turbulence changes greatly at different height levels, in the low levels the horizontal speed fluctuation attribute mostly, while the vertical speed fluctuation does in high levels.

Structural characterization of the pulmonary innate immune protein SPLUNC1 and identification of lipid ligands

Ning, Fangkun,Wang, Chao,Berry, Karin Zemski,Kandasamy, Pitchaimani,Liu, Haolin,Murphy, Robert C.,Voelker, Dennis R.,Nho, Chu Won,Pan, Choel-Ho,Dai, Shaodong,Niu, Liwen,Chu, Hong-Wei,Zhang, Gongyi The Federation of American Societies for Experimen 2014 The FASEB Journal Vol.28 No.12

<P>The short palate, lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) protein is a member of the palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone (PLUNC) family, also known as bactericidal/permeability-increasing (BPI) fold-containing protein, family A, member 1 (BPIFA1). SPLUNC1 is an abundant protein in human airways, but its function remains poorly understood. The lipid ligands of SPLUNC1 as well as other PLUNC family members are largely unknown, although some reports provide evidence that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could be a lipid ligand. Unlike previous hypotheses, we found significant structural differences between SPLUNC1 and BPI. Recombinant SPLUNC1 produced in HEK 293 cells harbored several molecular species of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine as its ligands. Significantly, <I>in vitro</I> lipid-binding studies failed to demonstrate interactions between SPLUNC1 and LPS, lipoteichoic acid, or polymyxin B. Instead, one of the major and most important pulmonary surfactant phospholipids, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), bound to SPLUNC1 with high affinity and specificity. We found that SPLUNC1 could be the first protein receptor for DPPC. These discoveries provide insight into the specific determinants governing the interaction between SPLUNC1 and lipids and also shed light on novel functions that SPLUNC1 and other PLUNC family members perform in host defense.—Ning, F., Wang, C., Berry, K. Z., Kandasamy, P., Liu, H., Murphy, R. C., Voelker, D. R., Nho, C. W., Pan, C.-H., Dai, S., Niu, L., Chu, H.-W., Zhang, G. Structural characterization of the pulmonary innate immune protein SPLUNC1 and identification of lipid ligands.</P>

Activity Object Detection Based on Improved Faster R-CNN

Ning Zhang,Yiran Feng,Eung-Joo Lee 한국멀티미디어학회 2021 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.24 No.3

Enhanced drought and salinity tolerance in transgenic potato plants with a BADH gene from spinach

Zhang, Ning,Si, Huai-Jun,Wen, Gang,Du, Hong-Hui,Liu, Bai-Lin,Wang, Di The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2011 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.5 No.1

Drought and salinity are the most important abiotic stresses that affect the normal growth and development of plants. Glycine betaine is one of the most important osmolytes present in higher plants that enable them to cope with environmental stresses through osmotic adjustment. In this study, a betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) gene from spinach under the control of the stress-induced promoter rd29A from Arabidopsis thaliana was introduced into potato cultivar Gannongshu 2 by the Agrobacterium tumefaciens system. Putative transgenic plants were confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Northern hybridization analysis demonstrated that expression of BADH gene was induced by drought and NaCl stress in the transgenic potato plants. The BADH activity in the transgenic potato plants was between 10.8 and 11.7 U. There was a negative relationship (y = -2.2083x + 43.329, r = 0.9495) between BADH activity and the relative electrical conductivity of the transgenic potato plant leaves. Plant height increased by 0.4-0.9 cm and fresh weight per plant increased by 17-29% for the transgenic potato plants under NaCl and polyethylene glycol stresses compared with the control potato plants. These results indicated that the ability of transgenic plants to tolerate drought and salt was increased when their BADH activity was increased.