Anatomical variations in the cutaneous innervation on the dorsum of the foot

Vanishri S. Nayak,Vanishri S. Nayak,Nandini Bhat,Sunil S. Nayak,Suhani Sumalatha 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.1

Generally among the branches of common peroneal nerve, the superficial peroneal nerve provides cutaneous innervation to major part of the dorsum of the foot whereas the deep peroneal nerve innervates the skin over the first interdigital cleft region. The sural and saphenous nerves supplies the smaller lateral and medial margins of the dorsum respectively. The present study has been taken to classify the patterns of innervations of the nerves on the dorsum of the foot in South Indian population. A total of 40 formalin fixed lower limbs from 20 adult cadavers (15 males, 5 females) aged between 35 to 60 years were dissected and the branching patterns of nerves on the dorsum of the foot were noted and specimens were photographed. Gross anatomical variations were noted in the branching pattern of superficial peroneal, deep peroneal and sural nerve on the dorsum of foot. Results obtained in our study were classified into four groups. The cutaneous nerves are at risk of iatrogenic injuries during surgeries involving ankle, open reduction and internal fixation of fracture, arthroscopy etc. Knowledge of such anatomical variations of the nerves provides information to clinicians to avoid injury to them in real clinical situations.

Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Analysis of Host-Pathogen Relationship in Rice-Bacterial Blight Pathosystem

Nayak, D.,Bose, L.K.,Singh, S.,Nayak, P. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2008 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.24 No.3

Host-pathogen interaction in rice bacterial blight pathosystem was analyzed for a better understanding of their relationship and recognition of stable pathogenicity among the populations of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. A total number of 52 bacterial strains isolated from diseased leaf samples collected from 12 rice growing states and one Union Territory of India, were inoculated on 16 rice varieties, each possessing known genes for resistance. Analysis of variance revealed that the host genotypes(G) accounted for largest(78.4%) proportion of the total sum of squares(SS), followed by 16.5% due to the pathogen isolates(I) and 5.1% due to the $I{\times}G$ interactions. Application of the Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction(AMMI) model revealed that the first two interaction principal component axes(IPCA) accounted for 66.8% and 21.5% of the interaction SS, respectively. The biplot generated using the isolate and genotypic scores of the first two IPCAs revealed groups of host genotypes and pathogen isolates falling into four sectors. A group of five isolates with high virulence, high absolute IPCA-1 scores, moderate IPCA-2 scores, low AMMI stability index '$D_i$' values and minimal deviations from additive main effects displayed in AMMI biplot as well as response plot, were identified as possessing stable pathogenicity across 16 host genotypes. The largest group of 27 isolates with low virulence, small IPCA-1 as well as IPCA-2 scores, low $D_i$ values and minimal deviations from additive main effect predictions, possessed stable pathogenicity for low virulence. The AMMI analysis and biplot display facilitated in a better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction, adaptability of pathogen isolates to specific host genotypes, identification of isolates showing stable pathogenicity and most discriminating host genotypes, which could be useful in location specific breeding programs aiming at deployment of resistant host genotypes in bacterial blight disease control strategies.

Preparation and Characterization of Edible Films Based on Soy Protein Isolate-Fatty Acid Blends

Nayak, P.,Sasmal, A.,Nanda, P. K.,Nayak, P. L.,Kim, J.,Chang, Y. W. Taylor Francis 2008 Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials Vol.47 No.5

Nanocomposites from Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Soy Protein Isolate (SPI) Blend with Organoclay

Nayak, P. L.,Sasmal, A.,Nayak, P.,Sahoo, S.,Mishra, J. K.,Kang, S. C.,Lee, J. W.,Chang, Y. W. Taylor Francis 2008 Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials Vol.47 No.6

Contactless Stimulation of Multiple Piezoelectric Devices Using Electric Field

Tanaya Nayak,Biswaranjan Swain,Praveen P. Nayak,Satyanarayan Bhuyan 한국전기전자재료학회 2021 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.22 No.3

The contactless energy transmission scheme using parallel-plate capacitor like structure has been explored which provides a platform for energization of multiple piezoelectric (piezo) components. In the proposed method, ac electric fi eld lines produced by copper electrodes penetrate to the piezo components that are coaxially aligned and positioned in-between at certain distance away from each electrode. Consequently, the components are strongly excited at a point where the functioning electric field source frequency alike with the mechanical resonant frequency of the piezo components. The maximum output power corresponding to optimum load and resonant frequency acquired from the contactless energized multi piezo devices is better than that of power obtained from contactless energized single piezo component by this parallel-plate capacitor electric field generator. The testing results reveal the practicability of non contact stimulation/excitation of multi piezo components simultaneously through electric fi eld.

Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Analysis of Host-Pathogen Relationship in Rice-Bacterial Blight Pathosystem

D. Nayak,L. K. Bose,S. Singh,P. Nayak 한국식물병리학회 2008 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.24 No.3

Host-pathogen interaction in rice bacterial blight pathosystem was analyzed for a better understanding of their relationship and recognition of stable pathogenicity among the populations of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. A total number of 52 bacterial strains isolated from diseased leaf samples collected from 12 rice growing states and one Union Territory of India, were inoculated on 16 rice varieties, each possessing known genes for resistance. Analysis of variance revealed that the host genotypes (G) accounted for largest (78.4%) proportion of the total sum of squares (SS), followed by 16.5% due to the pathogen isolates (I) and 5.1% due to the I x G interactions. Application of the Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model revealed that the first two interaction principal component axes (IPCA) accounted for 66.8% and 21.5% of the interaction SS, respectively. The biplot generated using the isolate and genotypic scores of the first two IPCAs revealed groups of host genotypes and pathogen isolates falling into four sectors. A group of five isolates with high virulence, high absolute IPCA-1 scores, moderate IPCA-2 scores, low AMMI stability index ‘Di’ values and minimal deviations from additive main effects displayed in AMMI biplot as well as response plot, were identified as possessing stable pathogenicity across 16 host genotypes. The largest group of 27 isolates with low virulence, small IPCA-1 as well as IPCA- 2 scores, low Di values and minimal deviations from additive main effect predictions, possessed stable pathogenicity for low virulence. The AMMI analysis and biplot display facilitated in a better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction, adaptability of pathogen isolates to specific host genotypes, identification of isolates showing stable pathogenicity and most discriminating host genotypes, which could be useful in location specific breeding programs aiming at deployment of resistant host genotypes in bacterial blight disease control strategies.

Influence of compression ratio on combustion characteristics of a VCR engine using Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel and diesel blends

Swarup Kumar Nayak,Santosh Kumar Nayak,Purna Chandra Mishra,Srinibas Tripathy 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.9

The standard configuration parameters of a Variable compression ratio (VCR) engine neglect to give specific execution with biodieselfrom distinctive origins. Alongside, a bunch of exploration of diversified biodiesel over performance and emission analysis, extremelyconstrained work has been taken out on combustion analysis with VCR. This survey was performed to identify the impact of compressionratio on the combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with Calophyllum inophyllum oil methyl ester (COME) and itsblends with diesel. Experiments were conducted at a fixed speed of 1500 RPM, full load and at different compression ratios of 16:1, 17:1and 18:1. Results, revealed that combustion duration of Calophyllum inophyllum oil was more, while the ignition delay period was shorterthan that of diesel.

Furan-based Chalcone Annihilates the Multi-Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Protects Zebra Fish Against its Infection

Nayak Santosh Pushpa Ramya Ranjan,Basty Catharine,Boopathi Seenivasan,Dhivya Loganathan Sumathi,Alarjani Khaloud Mohammed,Gawwad Mohamed Ragab Abdel,Hager Raghda,Kathiravan Muthu Kumaradoss,Arockiaraj 한국미생물학회 2024 The journal of microbiology Vol.62 No.2

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a multi-drug-resistant bacteria, is becoming a serious public health concern. This bacterium infects immunocompromised patients and has a high fatality rate. Both naturally and synthetically produced chalcones are known to have a wide array of biological activities. The antibacterial properties of synthetically produced chalcone were studied against P. aeruginosa. In vitro, study of the compound (chalcone derivative named DKO1), also known as (2E)-1-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl) prop-2-en-1-one, had substantial antibacterial and biofilm disruptive action. DKO1 effectively shielded against P. aeruginosa-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis in zebrafish larvae. In adult zebrafish, the treatment enhanced the chances of survivability and reduced the sickness-like behaviors. Gene expression, biochemical analysis, and histopathology studies found that proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS) were down regulated; antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels increased, and histoarchitecture was restored in zebrafish. The data indicate that DKO1 is an effective antibacterial agent against P. aeruginosa demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo.

Syntheses of pterocarpenes and coumestans <i>via</i> regioselective cyclodehydration

Nayak, Maloy,Jung, Youngeun,Kim, Ikyon The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Organic & biomolecular chemistry Vol.14 No.34

<P>A highly efficient synthetic route to pterocarpenes and coumestans is described. BCl3-mediated dehydrative cyclization of 1,3-diaryloxyacetones under mild conditions permitted regioselective ring closure to afford 3-((2-iodoaryloxy)methyl)benzofurans which were converted to the corresponding pterocarpenes by Pd-catalyzed intramolecular direct arylation. The subsequent benzylic oxidation led to coumestans. This sequence was applied to the formal syntheses of coumestrol and the proposed structure of plicadin as well as total syntheses of flemichapparins B and C.</P>

Enhanced Photocurrent from CdS Sensitized ZnO Nanorods

Nayak, Jhasaketan,Son, Min-Kyu,Kim, Jin-Kyoung,Kim, Soo-Kyoung,Lee, Jeong-Hoon,Kim, Hee-Je The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2012 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.7 No.6

Structure and optical properties of cadmium sulphide-zinc oxide composite nanorods have been evaluated by suitable characterization techniques. The X-ray diffraction spectrum contains a series of peaks corresponding to reflections from various sets of lattice planes of hexagonal ZnO as well as CdS. The above observation is supported by the Micro-Raman spectroscopy result. The optical reflectance spectra of CdS-ZnO is compared with that of ZnO where we observe an enhanced absorption and hence diminished reflection from CdS-ZnO compared to that from only ZnO. A very small intensity of the visible photoluminescence peak observed at 550 nm proves that the ZnO nanorods have very low concentrations of point defects such as oxygen vacancies and zinc interstitials. The photocurrent in the visible region has been significantly enhanced due to deposition of CdS on the surface of the ZnO nanorods. CdS acts as a visible sensitizer because of its lower band gap compared to ZnO.