Anatomical variations in the cutaneous innervation on the dorsum of the foot

Vanishri S. Nayak,Vanishri S. Nayak,Nandini Bhat,Sunil S. Nayak,Suhani Sumalatha 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.1

Generally among the branches of common peroneal nerve, the superficial peroneal nerve provides cutaneous innervation to major part of the dorsum of the foot whereas the deep peroneal nerve innervates the skin over the first interdigital cleft region. The sural and saphenous nerves supplies the smaller lateral and medial margins of the dorsum respectively. The present study has been taken to classify the patterns of innervations of the nerves on the dorsum of the foot in South Indian population. A total of 40 formalin fixed lower limbs from 20 adult cadavers (15 males, 5 females) aged between 35 to 60 years were dissected and the branching patterns of nerves on the dorsum of the foot were noted and specimens were photographed. Gross anatomical variations were noted in the branching pattern of superficial peroneal, deep peroneal and sural nerve on the dorsum of foot. Results obtained in our study were classified into four groups. The cutaneous nerves are at risk of iatrogenic injuries during surgeries involving ankle, open reduction and internal fixation of fracture, arthroscopy etc. Knowledge of such anatomical variations of the nerves provides information to clinicians to avoid injury to them in real clinical situations.

Multiple renal veins clogging the hilum of the right kidney

Satheesha B Nayak(Satheesha B Nayak ),Narendra Pamidi(Narendra Pamidi ),Vasanthakumar Packirisamy(Vasanthakumar Packirisamy ),Soumya Kodimajalu Vasudeva(Soumya Kodimajalu Vasudeva ) 대한해부학회 2023 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.56 No.1

Knowledge of variations of renal vessels is of utmost importance in retroperitoneal surgeries and kidney transplant surgeries. We report concurrent variations of the right renal vessels, observed in an adult male cadaver during dissection classes. The right kidney was supplied by three renal arteries, out of which two entered the kidney through the hilum and the other one entered through the lower pole of the kidney. There were five renal veins, emerging independently from the hilum and opening separately through five openings into the inferior vena cava. Among the veins, only one emerged anterior to the renal pelvis and the other four emerged behind it. Four of them terminated into the posterolateral aspect of the inferior vena cava, whereas one terminated into its anterior aspect. Fourth vein from above, received the right testicular vein. The renal hilum was clogged with the presence of seven vessels and renal pelvis.

Nanocomposites from Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Soy Protein Isolate (SPI) Blend with Organoclay

Nayak, P. L.,Sasmal, A.,Nayak, P.,Sahoo, S.,Mishra, J. K.,Kang, S. C.,Lee, J. W.,Chang, Y. W. Taylor Francis 2008 Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials Vol.47 No.6

Preparation and Characterization of Edible Films Based on Soy Protein Isolate-Fatty Acid Blends

Nayak, P.,Sasmal, A.,Nanda, P. K.,Nayak, P. L.,Kim, J.,Chang, Y. W. Taylor Francis 2008 Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials Vol.47 No.5

Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Analysis of Host-Pathogen Relationship in Rice-Bacterial Blight Pathosystem

Nayak, D.,Bose, L.K.,Singh, S.,Nayak, P. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2008 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.24 No.3

Host-pathogen interaction in rice bacterial blight pathosystem was analyzed for a better understanding of their relationship and recognition of stable pathogenicity among the populations of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. A total number of 52 bacterial strains isolated from diseased leaf samples collected from 12 rice growing states and one Union Territory of India, were inoculated on 16 rice varieties, each possessing known genes for resistance. Analysis of variance revealed that the host genotypes(G) accounted for largest(78.4%) proportion of the total sum of squares(SS), followed by 16.5% due to the pathogen isolates(I) and 5.1% due to the $I{\times}G$ interactions. Application of the Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction(AMMI) model revealed that the first two interaction principal component axes(IPCA) accounted for 66.8% and 21.5% of the interaction SS, respectively. The biplot generated using the isolate and genotypic scores of the first two IPCAs revealed groups of host genotypes and pathogen isolates falling into four sectors. A group of five isolates with high virulence, high absolute IPCA-1 scores, moderate IPCA-2 scores, low AMMI stability index '$D_i$' values and minimal deviations from additive main effects displayed in AMMI biplot as well as response plot, were identified as possessing stable pathogenicity across 16 host genotypes. The largest group of 27 isolates with low virulence, small IPCA-1 as well as IPCA-2 scores, low $D_i$ values and minimal deviations from additive main effect predictions, possessed stable pathogenicity for low virulence. The AMMI analysis and biplot display facilitated in a better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction, adaptability of pathogen isolates to specific host genotypes, identification of isolates showing stable pathogenicity and most discriminating host genotypes, which could be useful in location specific breeding programs aiming at deployment of resistant host genotypes in bacterial blight disease control strategies.

Contactless Stimulation of Multiple Piezoelectric Devices Using Electric Field

Tanaya Nayak,Biswaranjan Swain,Praveen P. Nayak,Satyanarayan Bhuyan 한국전기전자재료학회 2021 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.22 No.3

The contactless energy transmission scheme using parallel-plate capacitor like structure has been explored which provides a platform for energization of multiple piezoelectric (piezo) components. In the proposed method, ac electric fi eld lines produced by copper electrodes penetrate to the piezo components that are coaxially aligned and positioned in-between at certain distance away from each electrode. Consequently, the components are strongly excited at a point where the functioning electric field source frequency alike with the mechanical resonant frequency of the piezo components. The maximum output power corresponding to optimum load and resonant frequency acquired from the contactless energized multi piezo devices is better than that of power obtained from contactless energized single piezo component by this parallel-plate capacitor electric field generator. The testing results reveal the practicability of non contact stimulation/excitation of multi piezo components simultaneously through electric fi eld.

Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Analysis of Host-Pathogen Relationship in Rice-Bacterial Blight Pathosystem

D. Nayak,L. K. Bose,S. Singh,P. Nayak 한국식물병리학회 2008 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.24 No.3

Host-pathogen interaction in rice bacterial blight pathosystem was analyzed for a better understanding of their relationship and recognition of stable pathogenicity among the populations of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. A total number of 52 bacterial strains isolated from diseased leaf samples collected from 12 rice growing states and one Union Territory of India, were inoculated on 16 rice varieties, each possessing known genes for resistance. Analysis of variance revealed that the host genotypes (G) accounted for largest (78.4%) proportion of the total sum of squares (SS), followed by 16.5% due to the pathogen isolates (I) and 5.1% due to the I x G interactions. Application of the Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model revealed that the first two interaction principal component axes (IPCA) accounted for 66.8% and 21.5% of the interaction SS, respectively. The biplot generated using the isolate and genotypic scores of the first two IPCAs revealed groups of host genotypes and pathogen isolates falling into four sectors. A group of five isolates with high virulence, high absolute IPCA-1 scores, moderate IPCA-2 scores, low AMMI stability index ‘Di’ values and minimal deviations from additive main effects displayed in AMMI biplot as well as response plot, were identified as possessing stable pathogenicity across 16 host genotypes. The largest group of 27 isolates with low virulence, small IPCA-1 as well as IPCA- 2 scores, low Di values and minimal deviations from additive main effect predictions, possessed stable pathogenicity for low virulence. The AMMI analysis and biplot display facilitated in a better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction, adaptability of pathogen isolates to specific host genotypes, identification of isolates showing stable pathogenicity and most discriminating host genotypes, which could be useful in location specific breeding programs aiming at deployment of resistant host genotypes in bacterial blight disease control strategies.

Influence of compression ratio on combustion characteristics of a VCR engine using Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel and diesel blends

Swarup Kumar Nayak,Santosh Kumar Nayak,Purna Chandra Mishra,Srinibas Tripathy 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.9

The standard configuration parameters of a Variable compression ratio (VCR) engine neglect to give specific execution with biodieselfrom distinctive origins. Alongside, a bunch of exploration of diversified biodiesel over performance and emission analysis, extremelyconstrained work has been taken out on combustion analysis with VCR. This survey was performed to identify the impact of compressionratio on the combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with Calophyllum inophyllum oil methyl ester (COME) and itsblends with diesel. Experiments were conducted at a fixed speed of 1500 RPM, full load and at different compression ratios of 16:1, 17:1and 18:1. Results, revealed that combustion duration of Calophyllum inophyllum oil was more, while the ignition delay period was shorterthan that of diesel.

Magnetization in the South Pole-Aitken basin: Implications for the lunar dynamo and true polar wander

Nayak, Michael,Hemingway, Doug,Garrick-Bethell, Ian Elsevier 2017 Icarus Vol.286 No.-

<P>A number of magnetic anomalies are present along the northern edge of the lunar South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin. A variety of hypotheses for their formation have been proposed, but an in-depth study of their properties has not been performed. Here we use two different methods to invert for their source body characteristics: one that completely searches a small parameter space of less than ten uniform strength dipoles per anomaly, and another that uses grids of hundreds of dipoles with variable magnetization strengths. Both methods assume uniform magnetization directions at each anomaly and with one exception, produce nearly the same results. We introduce new Monte Carlo methods to quantify errors in our inversions arising from Gaussian time-dependent changes in the external field and the uncertain geometry of the source bodies. We find the errors from uncertainty in source body geometry are almost always higher. We also find a diverse set of magnetization directions around SPA, which we combine with other physical arguments to conclude that the source bodies were likely magnetized in a dynamo field. Igneous intrusions are a reasonable explanation (Purucker et al., 2012) for the directional variability, since they could be intruded over different magnetic epochs. However, the directional variability also implies either surprisingly large amounts of true polar wander or a dynamo not aligned with the lunar spin axis. We also explore the possibility that true polar wander caused by the SPA impact could allow iron-rich SPA ejecta to record a diverse set of magnetic field directions. Some of this material may have also become 'sesquinary' ejecta and re-impacted across the Moon on 10(4)-10(6) year timescales to capture such changes. No completely satisfactory answer emerges, except that the dipole-axis of the lunar dynamo may have been variable in direction. Published by Elsevier Inc.</P>

Polyaromatic heterocycles through intramolecular alkyne carbonyl metathesis: 5-Acylnaphtho[2,1-<i>b</i>]benzofurans

Nayak, Maloy,Singh, Dileep Kumar,Kim, Ikyon Elsevier 2017 Tetrahedron Vol.73 No.14

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A modular approach to 5-acylated naphtho[2,1-<I>b</I>]benzofurans was developed where Sonogashira cross-coupling and intramolecular alkyne carbonyl metathesis were sequentially employed to build the aromatic benzene C ring of naphtho[2,1-<I>b</I>]benzofuran with an acyl group at the C5 position.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>