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Influence of shape and finishing on the corrosion of palladium-based dental alloys
Milheiro, Ana,Muris, Joris,Kleverlaan, Cornelis J.,Feilzer, Albert J. The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2015 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.7 No.1
PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the surface treatment and shape of the dental alloy on the composition of the prosthetic work and its metallic ion release in a corrosive medium after casting. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Orion Argos (Pd-Ag) and Orion Vesta (Pd-Cu) were used to cast two crowns and two disks. One of each was polished while the other was not. Two as-received alloys were also studied making a total of 5 specimens per alloy type. The specimens were submersed for 7 days in a lactic acid/sodium chloride solution (ISO standard 10271) and evaluated for surface structure characterization using SEM/EDAX. The solutions were quantitatively analysed for the presence of metal ions using ICP-MS and the results were statistically analysed with one-way ANOVA and a Tukey post-hoc test. RESULTS. Palladium is released from all specimens studied (range $0.06-7.08{\mu}g{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\cdot}week^{-1}$), with the Pd-Cu alloy releasing the highest amounts. For both types of alloys, ion release of both disk and crown pairs were statistically different from the as-received alloy except for the Pd-Ag polished crown (P>.05). For both alloy type, disk-shaped pairs and unpolished specimens released the highest amounts of Pd ions (range $0.34-7.08{\mu}g{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\cdot}week^{-1}$). Interestingly, in solutions submerged with cast alloys trace amounts of unexpected elements were measured. CONCLUSION. Shape and surface treatment influence ion release from dental alloys; polishing is a determinant factor. The release rate of cast and polished Pd alloys is between $0.06-0.69{\mu}g{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\cdot}week^{-1}$, which is close to or exceeding the EU Nickel Directive 94/27/EC compensated for the molecular mass of Pd ($0.4{\mu}g{\cdot}cm^{-2}{\cdot}week^{-1}$). The composition of the alloy does not represent the element release, therefore we recommend manufacturers to report element release after ISO standard corrosion tests beside the original composition.
Influence of shape and finishing on the corrosion of palladium-based dental alloys
Albert J. Feilzer,Joris Muri Cornelis J. Kleverlaan,Ana Milheiro 대한치과보철학회 2015 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.7 No.1
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the surface treatment and shape of the dental alloy on the composition of the prosthetic work and its metallic ion release in a corrosive medium after casting. MATERIALS AND METHODS Orion Argos (Pd-Ag) and Orion Vesta (Pd-Cu) were used to cast two crowns and two disks. One of each was polished while the other was not. Two as-received alloys were also studied making a total of 5 specimens per alloy type. The specimens were submersed for 7 days in a lactic acid/sodium chloride solution (ISO standard 10271) and evaluated for surface structure characterization using SEM/EDAX. The solutions were quantitatively analysed for the presence of metal ions using ICP-MS and the results were statistically analysed with one-way ANOVA and a Tukey post-hoc test. RESULTS Palladium is released from all specimens studied (range 0.06-7.08 µg·cm-2·week-1), with the Pd-Cu alloy releasing the highest amounts. For both types of alloys, ion release of both disk and crown pairs were statistically different from the as-received alloy except for the Pd-Ag polished crown (P>.05). For both alloy type, disk-shaped pairs and unpolished specimens released the highest amounts of Pd ions (range 0.34-7.08 µg·cm-2·week-1). Interestingly, in solutions submerged with cast alloys trace amounts of unexpected elements were measured. CONCLUSION Shape and surface treatment influence ion release from dental alloys; polishing is a determinant factor. The release rate of cast and polished Pd alloys is between 0.06-0.69 µg·cm-2·week-1, which is close to or exceeding the EU Nickel Directive 94/27/EC compensated for the molecular mass of Pd (0.4 µg·cm-2·week-1). The composition of the alloy does not represent the element release, therefore we recommend manufacturers to report element release after ISO standard corrosion tests beside the original composition.
The climate effects of increasing ocean albedo: an idealized representation of solar geoengineering
Kravitz, Ben,Rasch, Philip J.,Wang, Hailong,Robock, Alan,Gabriel, Corey,Boucher, Olivier,Cole, Jason N. S.,Haywood, Jim,Ji, Duoying,Jones, Andy,Lenton, Andrew,Moore, John C.,Muri, Helene,Niemeier, Ulr Copernicus GmbH 2018 Atmospheric chemistry and physics Vol.18 No.17
<P>Abstract. Geoengineering, or climate intervention, describes methods of deliberately altering the climate system to offset anthropogenic climate change. As an idealized representation of near-surface solar geoengineering over the ocean, such as marine cloud brightening, this paper discusses experiment G1ocean-albedo of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP), involving an abrupt quadrupling of the CO2 concentration and an instantaneous increase in ocean albedo to maintain approximate net top-of-atmosphere radiative flux balance. A total of 11 Earth system models are relatively consistent in their temperature, radiative flux, and hydrological cycle responses to this experiment. Due to the imposed forcing, air over the land surface warms by a model average of 1.14 K, while air over most of the ocean cools. Some parts of the near-surface air temperature over ocean warm due to heat transport from land to ocean. These changes generally resolve within a few years, indicating that changes in ocean heat content play at most a small role in the warming over the oceans. The hydrological cycle response is a general slowing down, with high heterogeneity in the response, particularly in the tropics. While idealized, these results have important implications for marine cloud brightening, or other methods of geoengineering involving spatially heterogeneous forcing, or other general forcings with a strong land-ocean contrast. It also reinforces previous findings that keeping top-of-atmosphere net radiative flux constant is not sufficient for preventing changes in global mean temperature. </P>
Mi Young Noh,Yong Hun Jo,Seung Han Oh,Dong Hyun Kim,Hee Jung Park,Ik Soo Kim,Carolina Barillas Mury,Heung Chul Kim,Won Ja Lee,In Hee Lee,Sook Jae Seo,Se Won Kang,Yong Seok Lee 한국유전학회 2006 Genes & Genomics Vol.28 No.4
Anopheles sinensis is known to play a critical role in malaria transmission and re-emergence in the areas near the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of Korea. However, no study on Plasmodium-midgut interactions using A. sinensis has been reported. Here, we describe the cloning and dynamic subcellular localization of the orthologue of Anopheles gambiae (AgSRPN10), isoform RCM, from Anopheles sinensis (AnsiSRPN10). AnsiSRPN10 mRNA is expressed in embryoes, and is almost undetectable in 4(th) instar larvae. It increases transiently in pupae and is most abundant in adult females. Expression is higher in the abdomen and the midgut compared to the thorax and ovary. It is induced in response to laminarin and Actinomycin-D. AnsiSRPN10 protein does not contain a consensus nuclear localization signal (NLS), but has a putative nuclear export signal (NES) and small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification site. It is present mainly in the nucleus of healthy midgut cells, but translocates from the nucleus to the cytosol in Plasmodium-invaded cells. AnsiSRPN10 expression increases as midgut cells undergo apoptosis, indicating that the epithelial responses to P. berghei invasion are conserved across different anopheline species. AnsiSRPN10 is a useful marker of Plasmodium-induced apoptosis in midgut. To our knowledge, this is the first report on A. sinensis innate immunity in the context of Time Bomb model.
Qian, Frank,Wang, Shengfeng,Mitchell, Jonathan,McGuffog, Lesley,Barrowdale, Daniel,Leslie, Goska,Oosterwijk, Jan C,Chung, Wendy K,Evans, D Gareth,Engel, Christoph,Kast, Karin,Aalfs, Cora M,Adank, Muri U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Publ 2019 Journal of the National Cancer Institute Vol.111 No.4