The Effectiveness of Police Investigations of Reported Crimes in Bangladesh

Mohammed Bin Kashem,Mohammed Asaduzzaman Saadi 아시아경찰학회 2007 아시아경찰학회 국제학술회의 Vol.2007 No.-

In Bangladesh, the Central Investigation Department (CID) is the specialized investigative agency for conducting the investigations of reported schedule offences for the police department. However, the vast majority of the investigations are conduct by the Sub-Inspectors working at the police stations. The investigating officers at the Thana (Police Station) level are seriously overburdened with other policing tasks. As a result, it is not possible for them to thoroughly investigate the assigned cases. Also, the lack of specially trained evidence technicians for crime scene processing affects the quality of investigation. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the police investigations of reported crimes in Bangladesh. Data for this study were primarily collected from two sources: ⅰ) semi-structured interview, and ⅱ) content analysis of police records. A semi-structured interview of 50 police officers working in the CID and police stations were conducted. The effectiveness of the investigations was measured by the conviction rates on the CID controlled cases. The findings suggest that the prosecutions of criminal cases in Bangladesh are heavily dependent on oral evidence instead of physical evidence. And the present investigative practices by the police departments do not significantly affect the overall conviction rates. We have identified that the biggest problem for the police at this moment is to secure and isolate crime scene and to record the scene in its original state. The most serious impediments to high quality investigative works appear to be the traditional method of case assignment, excessive caseload, lack of trained personnel and shortage of forensic scientists in the country. Respondents believe that the introduction of Computer Assisted Fingerprint Identification Systems (CAFIS) and DNA profiling, computerized information processing would enable speedy and accurate identification of criminal suspects, which in turn will substantially increase the present criminal apprehension rates. Since the collection of evidence from the crime scenes require expert abilities therefore, trained technicians should be assigned to each police station, and would keep their caseload to a manageable size. Only a thorough and competent investigation conducted by professional police officers will enhance the chances for the successful outcome of a criminal investigation.

Police Organizational Resources and Crime Prevention in Bangladesh : An Examination

Mohamed Bin Kashem,Md,Asaduzzaman Saadi 아시아경찰학회 2006 아시아경찰학회 국제학술회의 Vol.2006 No.-

The lack of financial resources is one of the major impediments to enhance police capabilities in Bangladesh. Since police stations are the focal point of service delivery, thus the need for more resources at the police station is obvious. Police officers claim that due to resource constraints they are unable to provide a fast and effective response to crime incidents or requests for police service. It is important to mention that the introduction of modern technology such as patrol car, two-way radio, and telephone have significantly improved the police operational efficiency in the Western World. The purpose of this paper is to examine the police organizational resources devoted to crime prevention efforts in Bangladesh. That is, to what extent limited resources of the police affect their operational efficiency and investigative capabilities. An in-depth interview and content analysis techniques were used to collect the data for the present study. Commanding officers of the police stations claimed that due to lack of resources they are unable to deliver the very best police service to the community. Thus, in the absences of government allocation police are managing funds through dishonest ways. It is found that the police station’s information systems are not computerized mainly due to lack of funds. As a result, the intelligence gathering and analysis capabilities of the police are very limited. Senior officials believe that the introduction of Computer Assisted Fingerprint Identification Systems, and DNA profiling would enable speedy and accurate identification of criminal suspects, which in turn, will greatly increase their clearance rate. The allocations for improving various support services are not sufficient to cope with the growing public demands for police services. Thus, the government should make the policy decisions and allocate more resources for increasing police effectiveness in reducing crime and violence in Bangladesh.

Taste and Smell Disturbances in Patients with Gastroparesis and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

( Alisha Kabadi ),( Mohammed Saadi ),( Ron Schey ),( Henry P Parkman ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2017 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.23 No.3

Background/Aims Patients with gastroparesis and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) often report decreased enjoyment when eating. Some patients remark that food does not smell or taste the same. To determine if taste and/or smell disturbances are present in patients with gastroparesis and/or GERD and relate these to gastrointestinal symptom severity. Methods Patients with gastroparesis and/or GERD completed questionnaires evaluating taste and smell (Taste and Smell Survey [TSS]), Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity Index (PAGI-SYM), and Demographics. TSS questioned the nature of taste/smell changes and the impact on quality of life. PAGI-SYM was used to calculate Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) and Heartburn and Regurgitation Score (HB/RG). Results Seventy-six subjects were enrolled: healthy controls (n = 13), gastroparesis alone (n = 30), GERD alone (n = 10), and both gastroparesis and GERD (n = 23). Taste and smell disturbances were higher in patients with gastroparesis, GERD, and both gastroparesis and GERD compared to healthy controls. Taste and smell abnormalities were significantly correlated (r = 0.530, P < 0.001). Taste score was strongly correlated with HB/RG (r = 0.637, P < 0.001) and with GCSI (r = 0.536, P < 0.001). Smell score was also strongly correlated to HB/RG (r = 0.513, P < 0.001) and GCSI (r = 0.495, P < 0.001). Conclusions Taste and smell abnormalities are prominent in gastroparesis and GERD patients. Abnormalities in taste and smell are significantly correlated with both gastroparesis and GERD symptom severity. Awareness of this high prevalence of taste and smell dysfunction among patients with gastroparesis and GERD may help to better understand the food intolerances these patients often have. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017;23:370-377)

Compressive Behavior of Concrete Containing Glass Fibers and Confined with Glass FRP Composites

Djarir Yahiaoui,Mohamed Saadi,Tayeb Bouzid 한국콘크리트학회 2022 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.16 No.5

In this paper, numerous experimental tests were carried out to study the behavior of concrete containing glass fibers and confined with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP). Concrete specimens containing different fiber percentages ( 0.3 wt.%, 0.6 wt.%, 0.9 wt.% or 1.2 wt.%) and with different strengths of concrete (8.5 MPa, 16 MPa and 25 MPa) and different confinement levels (two, four and six layers of GFRP) were used as research parameters. The samples were tested to failure under pure axial compression. The results imply that the confinement effect with GFRP is relatively higher for concrete samples containing glass fiber (GFCC) with a percentage equal to 0.6 wt.%. The theoretical of stress ratios (fcc/fco) estimated by using existing ultimate strength models are found to be close to the experimental results for high strength of GFCC, but not close to the experimental results for low strength of GFCC.

A Novel CNN and GA-Based Algorithm for Intrusion Detection in IoT Devices

Ibrahim Darwish,Samih Montser,Mohamed R. Saadi International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.9

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the combination of the internet and various sensing devices. IoT security has increasingly attracted extensive attention. However, significant losses appears due to malicious attacks. Therefore, intrusion detection, which detects malicious attacks and their behaviors in IoT devices plays a crucial role in IoT security. The intrusion detection system, namely IDS should be executed efficiently by conducting classification and efficient feature extraction techniques. To effectively perform Intrusion detection in IoT applications, a novel method based on a Conventional Neural Network (CNN) for classification and an improved Genetic Algorithm (GA) for extraction is proposed and implemented. Existing issues like failing to detect the few attacks from smaller samples are focused, and hence the proposed novel CNN is applied to detect almost all attacks from small to large samples. For that purpose, the feature selection is essential. Thus, the genetic algorithm is improved to identify the best fitness values to perform accurate feature selection. To evaluate the performance, the NSL-KDDCUP dataset is used, and two datasets such as KDDTEST²¹ and KDDTEST⁺ are chosen. The performance and results are compared and analyzed with other existing models. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has superior intrusion detection rates to existing models, where the accuracy and true positive rate improve and the false positive rate decrease. In addition, the proposed algorithm indicates better performance on KDDTEST⁺ than KDDTEST²¹ because there are few attacks from minor samples in KDDTEST⁺. Therefore, the results demonstrate that the novel proposed CNN with the improved GA can identify almost every intrusion.

New Anchorage Technique for GFRP Flexural Strengthening of Concrete Beams Using Bolts-End Anchoring System

Djarir Yahiaoui,Abdelaziz Boutrid,Mohamed Saadi,Belgacem Mamen,Tayeb Bouzid 한국콘크리트학회 2023 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.17 No.4

The concept of external glass FRP composite confinement is a current process for strengthening concrete beams subjected to static loads. End anchorage glass FRP composites of 80 mm width and 90–130 mm length with different thicknesses (2.4 and 4.8 mm) have been fixed at the bottom of beams with bolts of various diameters (6 and 10 mm). For this purpose, the behavior of beams strengthened with bolt-end anchoring glass fiber polymer composites (BEGFPC) has been analyzed. It is concluded that the load capacity of the BEGFPC beams is improved by increasing the end-anchorage glass FRP composite thickness (about 98–188%). In addition, the BEGFPC system with bolts of 6 mm diameter has significantly improved the flexibility of beams. In contrast, the 10 mm bolts in diameter give a high ultimate load, whatever their quantity. Therefore, combining bolts with diameters of 6 and 10 mm would be the best solution for increasing the ultimate load and ductility of the retrofitted beams. Depending on the number and bolts' arrangement, there is also an enhancement in the crack patterns by changing from intermediate flexural failure to shear failure in beams.