Endophilin A2: A Potential Link to Adiposity and Beyond

Alfadda, Assim A.,Sallam, Reem M.,Gul, Rukhsana,Hwang, Injae,Ka, Sojeong Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.11

Adipose tissue plays a central role in regulating dynamic cross-talk between tissues and organs. A detailed description of molecules that are differentially expressed upon changes in adipose tissue mass is expected to increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie obesity and related metabolic co-morbidities. Our previous studies suggest a possible link between endophilins (SH3Grb2 proteins) and changes in body weight. To explore this further, we sought to assess the distribution of endophilin A2 (EA2) in human adipose tissue and experimental animals. Human paired adipose tissue samples (subcutaneous and visceral) were collected from subjects undergoing elective abdominal surgery and abdominal liposuction. We observed elevated EA2 gene expression in the subcutaneous compared to that in the visceral human adipose tissue. EA2 gene expression negatively correlated with adiponectin and chemerin in visceral adipose tissue, and positively correlated with $TNF-{\alpha}$ in subcutaneous adipose tissue. EA2 gene expression was significantly downregulated during differentiation of preadipocytes in vitro. In conclusion, this study provides a description of EA2 distribution and emphasizes a need to study the roles of this protein during the progression of obesity.

Effect of Acibenzolar-S-methyl and Rahnella aquatilis (Ra39) on Chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase Activities and Disease Resistance of Apple Plants

Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr,M. A. A. Sallam,M. H. A. Hassan,W. Zeller 한국식물병리학회 2010 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.26 No.1

The effect of Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and Rahnella aquatilis Ra39 against apple fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora were tested as a possible alternative to streptomycin. In vitro studies, no inhibition effect against the pathogen was found when ASM was tested. Under greenhouse conditions, application of R. aquatilis Ra39 with the highly susceptible M26 rootstock resulted in a marked disease suppression. Application of ASM and strain Ra39 caused a high decrease of the disease, 82% and 58% respectively; this was correlated with a reduction of the growth of the pathogen within host plants up to 64% and 49.5% respectively. Further studies in the field under artificial infection condition during full bloom revealed that application of ASM and R. aquatilis Ra39 with Gala variety resulted in a control effect up to 21 and 29% respectively. In physiological studies, enhanced activities of PR-proteins (chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase) were detected, which are well known as biochemical markers for systemic acquired resistance. Application of ASM to apple shoots caused the highest chitinase activity followed by strain Ra39. The enzyme activity was increased after 2, 4 and 6 days from application. In addition, ASM-treatment caused the higher β-1, 3-glucanase activity than strain Ra39. Maximum enzyme activity was recorded after 6 days from application and then decreased after 8 and 10 days from application.

Endophilin A2: A Potential Link to Adiposity and Beyond

Assim A Alfadda,Reem M Sallam,Rukhsana Gul,황인재,가소정 한국분자세포생물학회 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.11

Adipose tissue plays a central role in regulating dynamic crosstalk between tissues and organs. A detailed description of molecules that are differentially expressed upon changes in adipose tissue mass is expected to increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie obesity and related metabolic co-morbidities. Our previous studies suggest a possible link between endophilins (SH3Grb2 proteins) and changes in body weight. To explore this further, we sought to assess the distribution of endophilin A2 (EA2) in human adipose tissue and experimental animals. Human paired adipose tissue samples (subcutaneous and visceral) were collected from subjects un-dergoing elective abdominal surgery and abdominal liposuction. We observed elevated EA2 gene expression in the subcutaneous compared to that in the visceral human adipose tissue. EA2 gene expression negatively correlated with adiponectin and chemerin in visceral adipose tissue, and positively correlated with TNF- in subcutaneous adipose tissue. EA2 gene expression was significantly downregulated during differentiation of preadipocytes in vitro. In conclusion, this study provides a description of EA2 distribution and emphasizes a need to study the roles of this protein during the progression of obesity.

Effect of Acibenzolar-S-methyl and Rahnella aquatilis (Ra39) on Chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase Activities and Disease Resistance of Apple Plants

Abo-Elyousr, A.M. Kamal,Sallam, M.A.A.,Hassan, M.H.A.,Zeller, W. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2010 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.26 No.1

The effect of Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and Rahnella aquatilis Ra39 against apple fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora were tested as a possible alternative to streptomycin. In vitro studies, no inhibition effect against the pathogen was found when ASM was tested. Under greenhouse conditions, application of R. aquatilis Ra39 with the highly susceptible M26 rootstock resulted in a marked disease suppression. Application of ASM and strain Ra39 caused a high decrease of the disease, 82% and 58% respectively; this was correlated with a reduction of the growth of the pathogen within host plants up to 64% and 49.5% respectively. Further studies in the field under artificial infection condition during full bloom revealed that application of ASM and R. aquatilis Ra39 with Gala variety resulted in a control effect up to 21 and 29% respectively. In physiological studies, enhanced activities of PR-proteins (chitinase and $\beta$-1, 3-glucanase) were detected, which are well known as biochemical markers for systemic acquired resistance. Application of ASM to apple shoots caused the highest chitinase activity followed by strain Ra39. The enzyme activity was increased after 2, 4 and 6 days from application. In addition, ASM-treatment caused the higher $\beta$-1, 3-glucanase activity than strain Ra39. Maximum enzyme activity was recorded after 6 days from application and then decreased after 8 and 10 days from application.

Mode II Fracture Toughness of Hybrid FRCs

H. S. S. Abou El-Mal,A. S. Sherbini,H. E. M. Sallam 한국콘크리트학회 2015 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.9 No.4

Mode II fracture toughness (KIIc) of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) has been widely investigated under various patterns of test specimen geometries. Most of these studies were focused on single type fiber reinforced concrete. There is a lack in such studies for hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. In the current study, an experimental investigation of evaluating mode II fracture toughness (KIIc) of hybrid fiber embedded in high strength concrete matrix has been reported. Three different types of fibers; namely steel (S), glass (G), and polypropylene (PP) fibers were mixed together in four hybridization patterns (S/G), (S/PP), (G/PP), (S/G/PP) with constant cumulative volume fraction (Vf) of 1.5 %. The concrete matrix properties were kept the same for all hybrid FRC patterns. In an attempt to estimate a fairly accepted value of fracture toughness KIIc, four testing geometries and loading types are employed in this investigation. Three different ratios of notch depth to specimen width (a/w) 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 were implemented in this study. Mode II fracture toughness of concrete KIIc was found to decrease with the increment of a/w ratio for all concretes and test geometries. Mode II fracture toughness KIIc was sensitive to the hybridization patterns of fiber. The (S/PP) hybridization pattern showed higher values than all other patterns, while the (S/G/PP) showed insignificant enhancement on mode II fracture toughness (KIIc). The four point shear test set up reflected the lowest values of mode II fracture toughness KIIc of concrete. The non damage defect concept proved that, double edge notch prism test setup is the most reliable test to measure pure mode II of concrete.

In Vitro Apoptosis Triggering in the BT-474 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line by Lyophilised Camel's Milk

Hasson, Sidgi S.A.A,Al-Busaidi, Juma Zaid,Al-Qarni, Zahra A.M.,Rajapakse, S.,Al-Bahlani, Shadia,Idris, Mohamed Ahmed,Sallam, Talal A. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.15

Breast cancer is a global health concern and is a major cause of death among women. In Oman, it is the most common cancer in women, with an incidence rate of 15.6 per 100,000 Omani females. Various anticancer remedies have been discovered from natural products in the past and the search is continuing for additional examples. Cytotoxic natural compounds may have a major role in cancer therapy either in potentiating the effect of chemotherapy or reducing its harmful effects. Recently, a few studies have reported advantages of using crude camel milk in treating some forms of cancer. However, no adequate data are available on the lyophilised camel's milk responsibility for triggering apoptosis and oxidative stress associated with human breast cancer. The present study aimed to address the role of the lyophilised camel's milk in inducing proliferation repression of BT-474 and HEp-2 cells compared with the non-cancer HCC1937 BL cell line. Lyophilized camel's milk fundamentally repressed BT-474 cells growth and proliferation through the initiation of either the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways as indicated by both caspase-3 mRNA and its action level, and induction of death receptors in BT-474 but not the HEp-2 cell line. In addition, lyophilised camel's milk enhanced the expression of oxidative stress markers, heme-oxygenase-1 and reactive oxygen species production in BT-474 cells. Increase in caspase-3 mRNA levels by the lyophilised camel's milk was completely prevented by the actinomycin D, a transcriptional inhibitor. This suggests that lyophilized camel's milk increased newly synthesized RNA. Interestingly,it significantly (p<0.003) repressed the growth of HEp-2 cells and BT-474 cells after treatment for 72 hours while 24 hours treatment repressed BT-474 cells alone. This finding suggests that the lyophilised camel's milk might instigate apoptosis through initiation of an alternative apoptotic pathway.

Optical and photoelectric properties of TlInS2 layered single crystals

M.M. El-Nahass,A.H.S. Abd Al-Wahab,M.M. Sallam 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.3

Single crystals of the layered compound TlInS2 were grown by direct synthesis of their constituents. The spectral and optical parameters have been determined using spectrophotometric measurements of transmittance and reflectance in the wavelength range 200–2500 nm. Absorption spectra of thin layers of TlInS2 crystals are used to study the energy gap and the interband transitions of the compound in the energy region 2–2.4 eV. The dispersion curve of the refractive index shows an anomalous dispersion in the absorption region and a normal one in the transmitted region. The direct and indirect band gaps were determined to be 2.34 and 2.258 eV, respectively. Photoconductivity measurements at room temperature resolve the structure that can be identified with the optical transition. Single crystals of the layered compound TlInS2 were grown by direct synthesis of their constituents. The spectral and optical parameters have been determined using spectrophotometric measurements of transmittance and reflectance in the wavelength range 200–2500 nm. Absorption spectra of thin layers of TlInS2 crystals are used to study the energy gap and the interband transitions of the compound in the energy region 2–2.4 eV. The dispersion curve of the refractive index shows an anomalous dispersion in the absorption region and a normal one in the transmitted region. The direct and indirect band gaps were determined to be 2.34 and 2.258 eV, respectively. Photoconductivity measurements at room temperature resolve the structure that can be identified with the optical transition.

Direct Antimicrobial Activity and Induction of Systemic Resistance in Potato Plants Against Bacterial Wilt Disease by Plant Extracts

M. A. E. Hassan,M. F. F. Bereika,H. I. G. Abo-Elnaga,M. A. A. Sallam 한국식물병리학회 2009 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.25 No.4

The potential of three plants extracts, to protect potato plants against bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum was determined under greenhouse and field conditions. All soil drenching treatments of aqueous plant extracts of Hibsicus sabdariffa, Punica granatum and Eucalyptus globulus significantly reduced the disease severity compared with inoculated control. Although the applications of all three plant extracts resulted in similar reductions of disease severity in field up 63.23 to 68.39%, treatment of E. globulus leaf extract was found greater in restricting the symptom development than other the two plant extracts in the greenhouse. More than 94% reduction in the bacterial wilt symptom was observed in potato plants. All tested plant extracts were effective in inhibiting the growth of bacterial pathogen, not only in vitro, but also in stem of potato plants as compared with the inoculated control. Potato plants treated with extract of H. sabdariffa reduced bacterial growth more effectively than treatment with P. granatum and E. globulus. Activity of defence-related enzymes, including peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase, were significantly increased in plants treated with the plant extracts compared to the control during the experimental period. In general, the higher enzymes activities were determined in both inoculated and non-inoculated treated potato plants after 8 days from plant extracts treatment. These results suggested that these plant extracts may be play an important role in controlling the potato bacterial wilt disease, through they have antimicrobial activity and induction of systemic resistance in potato plants.

The temperature dependent electrical transport in biphenyl derivatives

M.M. Sallam,B.A. El-Sayed,A.A. Abdel-Shafi 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.1

The d.c. electrical conductivity measurements as a function of temperature of 4,4-dibromobiphenyl (DBrBP), 4,4-dichlorobiphe-nyl (DClBP) and 4,4-dimethoxybiphenyl (DMOBP) compounds have been carried out. The eects of conformational change withinskeleton of these compounds upon optical or thermal excitation (S1 S0 para substituents on the electrical conductivityhave been discussed. The conduction processes were interpreted in the light of their molecular spectroscopic data of the infrared,ultraviolet and emission spectra as a hopping processes. The semiconducting properties of the investigated compounds were arisingfrom electron-delocalization via intramolecular interaction ofp-electrons of (C@ C) bonds and electron-donating groups inparaincreases the possibility of electron-delocalization and the interaction ofp-electron system..

Spectral and Thermal Properties of Some Uranyl Complexes of Some Schiff-Bases Derived from Glycylglycine

Sh. A. Sallam,M. I. Ayad Korean Chemical Society 2003 대한화학회지 Vol.47 No.3

우라닐 이온, $UO^+_2$와 Schiff-base 와의 착화합물이 글리실글라이신과 살리실알데히드, 2-히드록시-1-나프트알데히드, 2,3-디히드록시 벤즈알데히드 그리고 2,4-디히드록시 벤즈알데히드와의 축합에 의해 합성되었으며 이들 착화합물의 특성을 원소분석, 전도도 측정, 자기화율 측정, UV, IR, NMR 스펙트라와 DTA, TG, DSC 결과를 이용하여 조사하였다. 구조와 열분해 메카니즘이 제안되었다. Complexes of uranyl ion $UO^{+2}_2$with Schiff-bases obtained by condensing glycylglycine with salicylaldehyde; 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde have been synthesized and characterized through elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibility determinations, u.v., i.r. and $^1H$ nmr spectra as well as d.t.a., t.g. and d.s.c. techniques. Structures and mechanisms of thermal decomposition are proposed.