USO Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL TIEMPO EN MUJERES Y HOMBRES OFICIALES DE POLICÍA DE LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO

Jahel López Guerrero,Abigain Dely García López,Jimena Sánchez Barrenechea Institute of Iberoamerican Studies Pusan Universit 2013 International Journal of Latin American Studies Vol.3 No.1

Abstract. Historically, police workplace has been considered as a male-only-space, with particular characteristics, because it is linked to power and to the legitimate use of it. Therefore, we have decided to investigate whether woman who work in this area are in a process of empowerment. Knowing the existence of diverse factors involved in the process of empowerment, we evaluated time use (classifying time into four categories: paid work time, obligated time, leisure time and unpaid work time) as a tool to analyze gender inequalities and possible changes in status and position in the workplaces and familiar spaces. The aim of this paper is to provide overview data about time use and distribution of women and men who work as police officers in Mexico City Ministry of Public Security, analyzing the distribution of their activities during a working day and during a day off. Even though there was no evidence of gender differences in time use during a working day, we did observe some during a day off, specially attending to unpaid work time and leisure time categories. Palabras clave: tiempo, trabajo, empoderamiento, policías, desigualdades de género. Keywords: time, work, empowerment, police officers, gender inequalities. Resumen. La Policía es un espacio laboral considerado históricamente masculino, que tiene características peculiares al estar ligada al poder y al uso legítimo de la fuerza. Por ello hemos decidido investigar sí las mujeres que laboran en este ámbito están en un proceso de empoderamiento. Sabiendo de antemano que existen diversos factores involucrados en un proceso de empoderamiento, tomamos el tiempo (utilizando las categorías de tiempo de trabajo remunerado, tiempo obligado, tiempo de ocio y tiempo de trabajo no remunerado) como una herramienta para analizar las desigualdades de género y los posibles cambios en la condición y posición de las mujeres, que se pueden estar dando en el ámbito laboral y familiar. El objetivo es presentar los primeros resultados sobre el uso y la distribución del tiempo en mujeres y hombres que realizan trabajo operativo en la Secretaria de Seguridad Pública de la Ciudad de México, analizando las actividades realizadas en un día de trabajo y en un día de descanso. Aunque no se observaron diferencias importantes entre hombres y mujeres en el uso y distribución del tiempo durante un día de trabajo, en el día de descanso sí podemos observar diferencias, sobre todo, en el tiempo dedicado al trabajo no remunerado (doméstico) y ocio.

Antivirulence Activity of a Dietary Phytochemical: Hibiscus Acid Isolated from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Reduces the Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Mouse Infection Model

Humberto Cortes-López,Javier Castro-Rosas,Rodolfo García-Contreras,José Salud Rodríguez-Zavala,Bertha González-Pedrajo,Miguel Díaz-Guerrero,Javier Hernández-Morales,Naybi Muñoz-Cazares,Marcos Soto-Her 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.9

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Hs) calyxes, rich in organic acids, are included in diets in different countries. In recent years, some phytochemicals have been shown to reduce bacterial virulence at sublethal concentrations by interfering with quorum sensing (QS) systems. Therefore, in this study the antivirulence properties of Hs calyxes and two γ-lactones (hibiscus acid [HA] and its methyl ester) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa were analyzed. Acetone and methanol extracts of Hs showed anti-QS activity by inhibiting violacein production (60% to 80% with 250 μg/mL). In molecular docking analysis, the γ-lactones registered a good binding score, which suggests strong interaction with the active site of LasR protein. To verify their effect in vitro, they were isolated from Hs and evaluated in six QS-regulated phenotypes, as well as in ExoU toxin that is released by the type III secretion system (T3SS). At 500 μg/mL they reduced alkaline protease (29–52%) and elastase (15–37%) activity, biofilm formation (∼75%), and swarming (50%), but there was no effect on pyocyanin production, hemolytic activity, or type III secretion. In a mouse abscess/necrosis model, HA at sublethal concentrations (15 and 31.2 μg/mL) affected infection establishment and prevented damage and systemic spread. In conclusion, HA is the first molecule identified with antivirulence properties in Hs with the potential to prevent infections caused by P. aeruginosa.

Adaptive Nonlinear Control of Induction Motor

Gerardo V. Guerrero Ramírez,Luis G. Vela Valdés,Manuel Adam Medina,Carlos D. García Beltrán,Cesar A. Villanueva López 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2011 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.9 No.1

This work addresses the problem of controlling a rigid arm (one degree of freedom robot manipulator) directly driven by an induction motor. A Lyapunov-based adaptive nonlinear controller is designed. The developed controller compensates for parametric uncertainty associated with the resistance of the rotor windings and it is capable to track asymptotically a trajectory for an angular position keeping all the internal signals bounded and guarantees the asymptotical stability of the system. Simulations are presented to illustrate the performance of this controller.

Characterization of Cooked Meat Models using Grasshopper (Sphenarium purpurascens ) Soluble Protein Extracted by Alkalisation and Ultrasound as Meat-Extender

Salvador Osvaldo Cruz-López,Héctor Bernardo Escalona-Buendía,Angélica Román-Guerrero,Julieta Domínguez-Soberanes,Yenizey Merit Alvarez-Cisneros 한국축산식품학회 2022 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.42 No.3

The most abundant Orthoptera in Mexico is a small grasshopper (Sphenarium purpurascens) which is considered a food source with increased nutritional value due to its high protein content. Insect proteins have gained relevance because of their high potential as gelling, texturing, and extender agents in the food industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of substituting meat with a soluble protein extract from grasshopper obtained by alkalisation or alkalisation-piezoelectric ultrasound, on the techno-functional, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of cooked meat models (sausages). The soluble protein was extracted in NaHCO3 pH 8 and a piezoelectric ultrasound 5-mm sonotrode at 20 kHz with 99% amplitude. Different formulations with meat substitution: 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% were prepared and characterised for their rheological behaviour, emulsion stability, weight loss by cooking, total protein content, colour, and texture. Sensory evaluation was conducted with consumers using a test involving check-all-that-apply and overall liking. The alkalisation-piezoelectric ultrasound method improved the solubility and the techno-functional properties of the soluble grasshopper protein when applied in sausages at maximum levels of 10% meat substitution. The sensory evaluation indicated that the formulation with 5% meat substitution exhibited the same acceptability as the control sample. Given these results, the soluble protein treated with alkalisation and piezoelectric ultrasound could be used as an extender in meat products.

Cytotoxicity Screening of Several Tomato Extracts

Jose´ Luis Guil-Guerrero,Rebeca Ramos-Bueno,Ignacio Rodríguez-García,Cristóbal López-Sánchez 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.1

The cytotoxic effects of extracts of the tomato variety “Racimo” have been evaluated through the use of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at several concentrations. Three extracts—ethanol–water, petroleum ether, and in vitro digested tomato—exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity against the proliferation of the cultured cancer cell line HT-29. The concentration that caused 50% inhibition of cancer cell growth occurred (GI50) of the different extracts for HT-29 cells was 62.5μg/mL for the petroleum ether extract and 87.0μg/mL for the digested tomato extract. For the ethanol–water extract, it was not possible to determine this parameter at the assayed extract concentrations. These results clearly indicate that after the digestion process, the less polar substances, such as carotenoids and sterols, are bioavailable as active species against cancer cells. The GI50 levels for tomato extracts are similar to those values reported for medicinal plants. The results of the MTT assay on nonmutagenic CCD-18 cells showed a lack of negative effect on cell growth, which indicates that tomato extracts act selectively on HT-29 tumor cells. ^1H-Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra confirmed the presence of known compounds with accepted cytotoxic activity against tumor lines (lycopene and β-carotene). The high cytotoxicity for HT-29 cells showed by the petroleum ether extract might be due to the simultaneous presence in the extract of both carotenoids and glyceryl esters of fatty acids. The results of this work clearly indicate the importance of carotenoid consumption on colon tumor proliferation and prevention, and also the importance of the dietary fats in carotenoid bioavailability.

Eco-friendly Extraction of Fibrils with Hierarchical Structure Assisted by Freeze-Drying Using Agave Salmiana Leaves as a Raw Material

L. Chávez-Guerrero,M. Esneider,J. Bonilla,A. Toxqui-Terán 한국섬유공학회 2020 Fibers and polymers Vol.21 No.1

Agave fibers were extracted mechanically without the use of solvents or water, through a lyophilization-assistedmethod. Then, the internal arrangement of the fibrils was studied in order to elaborate a hierarchical growing model, usingthis information to explain the outstanding properties of these natural fibers. We found that the lyophilized fibers have aninitial modulus of 36.7 g/den, a breaking tenacity of 1.45 g/den and an elongation of 17 %, while the fibers washed with waterafter extraction presented a similar value of initial modulus (31.1 g/den), but the breaking tenacity (2.59 g/den), and theelongation (34 %) increased nearly two times, showing the embrittling effect of the freeze-drying on the fibers behavior.

An Alternative, Banana Peel-based Medium Used to Investigate the Catalytic Properties of Peroxidase from a Fungus, Inonotus sp SP2, Recently Isolated in Southern Chile

L. Garcés,C. Vásquez,E. Contreras,J. Urra,M.C. Diez,L. Guerrero,C. Palma 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.5

Recycling industrial wastes is one of the major goals of bioengineering research. Agricultural wastes are often rich in natural sources of organic and inorganic compounds. The present study investigates the use of banana peel waste as a non-conventional alternative to nitrogen-enriched glucose media for a white rot fungus (WRF), Inonotus sp. SP2, recently isolated in southern Chile. WRF are known to produce biodegrading enzymes,such as peroxidases, that can have industrial and biotechnological applications. To that end, the metabolic characteristics and catalytic properties of peroxidases produced by Inonotus sp. SP2 were compared between glucose and banana peel-based growth mediums. The results establish that this strain of WRF produces high concentrations of a Mn+2-dependent peroxidase, with greater enzymatic activity in extracellular fluid and crude enzyme extracted from fungus grown in banana peel and glucose media,respectively. H2O2 has an inhibiting effect that is greater for enzymes produced in glucose media, and greater biomass can be obtained in banana-peel based media. This demonstrates that banana peel is a suitable and more cost-effective alternative to conventional glucose-based media for the production of biodegradative enzymes, such as peroxidase. Unlike other strains of WRF, the metabolic characteristics of Inonotus sp. SP2 demonstrate that it enters secondary metabolism with the production oxidative enzymes after both carbon and nitrogen sources are depleted. This suggests that with further investigation, this strain of WRF may be useful in industrial applications that require the biodegradation of nitrogen and carbon-based wastes and recalcitrant compounds.

Optical and microphysical properties of fresh biomass burning aerosol retrieved by Raman lidar, and star-and sun-photometry : REMOTE SENSING OF FRESH BB AEROSOL

Alados-Arboledas, L.,Mü,ller, D.,Guerrero-Rascado, J. L.,Navas-Guzmá,n, F.,Pé,rez-Ramí,rez, D.,Olmo, F. J. American Geophysical Union 2011 Geophysical research letters Vol.38 No.1

Fuzzy Droop Control Loops Adjustment for Stored Energy Balance in Distributed Energy Storage System

Nelson L. Diaz,Dan Wu,Tomislav Dragi?evi?,Juan C. Vasquez,Josep M. Guerrero 전력전자학회 2015 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2015 No.6

The study of isolated AC microgrid has been under high interest due to the integration of renewable energy resources especially for remote areas, or to improve the local energy reliability. The current trend is oriented to distributed renewable energy sources and their corresponding energy storage system, in order to smooth the variations at the prime energy generator. In this paper, a decentralized strategy based on fuzzy logic is proposed in order to balance the state of charge of distributed energy storage systems in lowvoltage three phase AC microgrid. The proposed method weights the action of conventional droop control loops for battery based distributed energy storage systems, in order to equalize their stored energy. The units are selfcontrolled by using local variables, hence, the microgrid can operate without communication systems. Frequency and voltage bus signaling are used in order to coordinate the operation of the microgrid under different stages for charging batteries. Simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed method.

Advances for the Development of In Vitro Immunosensors for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis

Jorge M. Guerrero,Francisco S. Aguirre,María L. Mota,Amanda Carrillo 한국바이오칩학회 2021 BioChip Journal Vol.15 No.3

The diagnosis of diseases based on immunosensors have been objective of research in the last years, providing an improvement for a rapid detection, high sensitivity, precision, accuracy, specifi city and resolution. Areas of progress such as analytical technologies, interpretation and standardization has been done for common biomarkers. However, years of research and development of a functional immunosensor with an unusual biomarker require further investigation to be optimized in any aspect. Recent development of biosensors to diagnose nervous system diseases, such as immunosensors for multiple sclerosis, has been the object of study in the past 10 years to improve common in vitro diagnostic methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), showing a big opportunity for further diagnostic optimization. The aim of this review is to show a report on the development of in vitro immunosensors for multiple sclerosis diagnosis until today, with the particular focus on monitoring analyte concentration levels on cerebrospinal fl uid and serum as a contribution and improvement to current diagnostic methods.