항공사진을 이용한 방포항 인근 해빈의 장기간 해안선 변화 분석

김백운 ( Baeck Oon Kim ),윤공현 ( Kong Hyun Yun ),이창경 ( Chang Kyung Lee ) 대한원격탐사학회 2013 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.29 No.5

장기간 해안선 변화 자료의 구축을 통해 해안선의 시·공간적인 변화 양상을 분석하고, 이에 근거하여 해안침식의 향후 경향을 파악하는 일은 연안관리에 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 수치항공사진을 이용하여 방포항 인근 해안지역의 장기간(1985년 ~ 2009년) 해안선 변화 탐지를 위해 항공삼각측량, 지상기준점측량, 수치도화, 그리고 해안선 변화율을 산정하였다. 그 결과 방포해빈과 꽃지해빈의 해안선은 각각 0.2 m/yr와 최대 0.8 m/yr로 침식된 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 등고선 변화 통하여 꽃지 해빈의 북부지역에서 침식현상이 가장 뚜렷하게 나타났으며 표고 1 m 간격의 등고선은 최대 45 m 후퇴하였음을 알수 있었다. 이러한 변화는 다양하고 복합적인 요인에 의해 발생할 수 있으며 주된 요인은 1990년대 말에 설치된 해변 옹벽이 해안침식을 일으키는 주요 원인으로서 추정되고 있다. To analyze tendency of temporal and spatial change of shorelines and to estimate rate of shoreline changes using long-term shoreline change data is very important for the coastal environmental management. In this study, investigation was conducted to estimate the rate of shoreline changes using long-term shoreline change data from the year 1985 to 2009 aerial photographs. In this process aerial triangulation, GPS surveying and digital mapping was done for the estimation of changes. As the results, shorelines of Bangpo and Kkotji Beach retreated at a maximum rate of 0.2 m/yr and 0.8 m/yr, respectively. The shoreline could be changed by various factors. However, it was presumed that coastal erosion has been mainly affected by retaining wall constructed in the late 1990s.

흰쥐에서 알코홀의 전투여가 halothane 마취시 간에 미치는 영향

이상동,공명훈,장성호 고려대학교 의과대학 1991 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.28 No.3

Fifty nine male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to investigate the hepatic effects of halothane anesthesia in alcohol-treated rats. Sampling was done before intravenous injection of ethyl alcohol(400mg/kg) or saline(5m1/kg) through tail vein. And 24 hours laterall rats were exposed to halothane-N_(2)/O_(2) (1%-2ℓ/2ℓ) for two hours. Intracardiac puncture for blood sampling was done after intraperitioneal injection of pentobarbital (50mg/kg) and hepatectomy was done to get the tissue sample for microscopic examination 24hours or 96 hours after halothane anesthesia. Biochemical studies including liver and renal function variables (protein, albumin, total bilirubln, direct bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferse, alkaline phosphatase, BUN, creatinine) were done and the hepatic tissue was examined with light microscopy. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Twenty four hours after halothane anesthesia. protein albumin. total bilirubin. and alkaline phosphatase were significantly changed in both saline- and alcohol-treated rats. Serum transaminases level were not significantly changed in alcohol-treated group compared with saline-treated group (i.e. aspartate aminotransferase. alanine aminotransferase). Other parameters indicative of hepatic and renal function such as cholesterol. BUN and creatinine were not significantly changed. 2) There is no significant difference of histologic evidence of hepatic damage between alcohol- and saline-treated rats 24 hours after halothane anesthesia. 3) Ninety six hours after halothane anesthesia. protein. albumin and total bilirubin were significantly changed in both saline- and alcohol-treated rats. Serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase level were not significantly changed in alcohol-treated group compared with saline-treated group (i.e., aspartate aminotransferase. alanine aminotransferase). Other parameters indicative of hepatic and renal function such as cholesterol. BUN, and creatinine were not significantly changed. 4) There is no significant difference of histologic evidence of hepatic damage between alcohol-and saline-treated rats 96 hours after halothand anesthesia.

Bacillus subtilis 接種이 土壤微生物相에 미치는 影響(Ⅰ) : 볏짚 및 크로버 添加區에서의 微生物相의 變動 Changes in Microflora by Application of Straw and Clover

孔惠淑,柳恩珠,梁昌述 建國大學校 附設 農業資源開發硏究所 1993 農資源開發論集 Vol.18 No.-

토양으로부터 분리한 B. subtilis를 有機物이 施用된 토양에 還元 接種하여 有機物 種類에 따른 B. subtilis의 토양중에서 適應·定着性 및 B.subtilis가 다른 土壤微生物相에 미치는 영향을 經時的으로 조사하였다. 또한 有機物이 시용된 토양중에서 B,subtilis와 植物 病原菌인 F. oxysporum을 동시에 接種하여 상호간의 拮抗的 關係를 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) B. subtilis菌數는 對照區에서보다 B. subtilis 接種區에서 增加를 보였고 단지 볏짚 및 크로버만을 사용한 區에서보다 볏짚 및 크로버 施用區에 B. subtilis를 접종한 區가 약 2배 정도 B. subtilis菌數의 증가를 보였다. 특히 B.subtilis를 有機物 施用區에 접종했을 때 볏짚 시용구가 크로버 시용구에서보다 B. subtilis菌數가 약 3배 정도 현저하게 증가하였다. 2) 細菌과 絲狀菌數는 대조구보다 B.subtilis 接種區에서 각각 23% 및 20%씩 감소하였으므로 또한 크로버 시용구에서보다 크로버+B. subtilis 접종구에서도 각각 33% 및 16%씩 감소하였고, 볏짚 시용구에서는 볏짚+B. subtilis 접종구에서 각각 29% 및 32%씩 감소경향을 나타내었다. 3) 胞子形成菌數는 대조구보다 B. subtilis 접종구에서 약 10배 정도 증가하였으며 단지 有機物만을 시용한 區보다도 크로버+B. subtilis 접종구와 +B. subtilis 접종구에서 각각 2배, 4배 정도의 증가경향을 보였다. 또한 gram(-)細菌도 胞子形成菌數와 비슷한 경향을 나타내었고, B. subtilis接種이 그람 음성 세균수의 변동에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 4) F. oxysporum의 菌數는 크로버 시용구에서보다 크로버+F. oxysporum 접종구에서 25배 정도 증가하였으나 크로버+B. subtilis 접종구에서는 크로버+F. oxysporum 접종구보다 약 5배 정도의 감소경향을 나타내었다. 또한 F. oxysporum菌數는 볏짚+F. oxysporum區에서 볏짚 單獨施用區보다 3배 정도 증가하였으나 볏짚+B. subtilis+F. oxysporum접종구는 볏짚+F. oxysporum접종구보다 F. oxysporum의 數가 약 17배 정도 감소경향을 나타내었다. 더욱이 F. oxysporum菌數는 크로버+B. subtilis+F. oxysporum접종구보다 볏짚+B. subtilis+F. oxysporum접종구에서 약 40배 정도의 감소경향을 나타내었다. 5) 크로버 시용구의 토양 pH는 약 ph 9에 이르러 토양 ph가 alkali화되었으며 볏짚시용구의 토양 ph는 큰 변화 없이 약산성을 유지하였다. This study has been conducted to investigate the adaptation of Bacillus subtilis to the soil and the antagonistic interaction between B. subtilis and pathogen Fusarium oxysporum as well as the periodic change of soil microflora when B. subtilis was inoculated to the soil treated with organic matters. Some results obtained from this study are as follows : 1) The number of B. subtilis was more increased about 6 times in the plot inoculated with B.subtilis than in control plot. It was relatively double in the organic matter+ B. subtilis plot than in the only organic matter plot. B. subtilis was particuraly increased about 3 times in the straw +B. subtilis plot, compared with the clover +B. subtilis plot. 2) The number of total bacteria and fungi was decreased by 23% and 20% in the plot inoculated with B.subtilis respectively than in control plot. It was not only decreased by 33% and 16% in the clover+B. subtilis plot respectively than in the only clover plot but it was also decreased by 29% and 32% in the straw+B. subtilis plot respectively than in the only straw plot. 3) The number of spore-forming bacteria was increased about 10 times in the plot inoculated with B.subtilis than in the control plot. It was also increased 2 times and 4 times in the clover+B.subtilis plot and in the straw+B. subtilis plot respectively than in each organic matter plot. The number of gram-negative bacteria and the spore-forming bacteria were slightly increased in all the plot inoculated with B. subtilis. 4) The number of F. oxysporum was increased about 25 times in the clover+ F. oxysporum plot than in the only clover plot. But it was decreased about 5 times in the clover+B.subtilis+ F. oxysporum plot than in the clover +F. oxysporum plot. Furthermore, F. oxysporum was remarkably decreased about 40times in the straw+B. subtilis+ F. oxysporum plot than in the clover+b. subtilis+ F. oxysporum plot. It occured that B. subtilis had inhibited the growth of pathogen F. oxysporum when B. subtilis was inoculation to the soil treated with straw. 5) Soil pH was changed to pH 9 in the plot treated with clover to become the alkalification of experimental soil. Meanwhile it was not changed in the plot treated with straw.

Finding key vulnerable areas by a climate change vulnerability assessment

Kim, Ho Gul,Lee, Dong Kun,Jung, Huicheul,Kil, Sung-Ho,Park, Jin Han,Park, Chan,Tanaka, Riwako,Seo, Changwan,Kim, Ho,Kong, Wooseok,Oh, Kyusik,Choi, Jinyong,Oh, Young-Ju,Hwang, Gangseok,Song, Chang-Keun Springer Netherlands 2016 Natural hazards Vol.81 No.3

<P>Extreme climate events such as typhoons, heat waves, and floods have increased in frequency with climate change. Many municipalities within the Republic of Korea (ROK) have experienced damage from these events, necessitating countermeasures. Vulnerability assessment has been suggested in the implementation of a national plan for reducing damage resulting from climate change. Thus, in this study, we assess the vulnerability of the ROK and identify key vulnerable municipalities in support of the national adaptation plan. We create a framework for assessing the vulnerability of all 232 municipalities of the ROK with respect to 32 items in 7 fields. The framework regards decision makers' comprehension and availability of data as important factors. We assess the vulnerability index of each municipality by using variables of climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptation capacity. The weights of variables are determined by the Delphi method. We used the representative concentration pathways 8.5 climate scenario to reflect future climate exposure for the vulnerability assessment. From the analysis, vulnerability maps are prepared for the 32 items of 7 fields, and key vulnerable municipalities are identified by aggregating the maps. The distribution of vulnerable municipalities changes with the future climate conditions. These maps provide a scientific and objective basis for the ROK government to establish adaptation plans and allocate resources. The ROK government can utilize the results to identify the characteristics of highly vulnerable areas, and municipalities can use the results as a basis for requesting support from the national government.</P>

우주 유연 붐의 열적 환경 변화 및 대기압과 진공 챔버내에서 열 유기 진동에 관한 실험적 연구

Y. Sugiyama,공창덕,박현범,오경원 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2004 機械技術硏究 Vol.7 No.2

본 연구에서는 인공위성 성능에 주요한 영향을 미칠 수 있는 열 유기에 따른 진동 현상을 이론적으로 규명하고 실험을 통하여 조사하였다. 유연 붐의 지상실험 장치에서 실험을 하였으며 특히 우주 환경과 유사한 진공 환경을 제공하여 대기에서의 열 유기 진동현상과 비교하였다. 대기 조건에서 열 유기 진동 실험 후 수치해석과 실험과 비교분석했으며, 진공조건에서 열 유기 진동 실험 후 실험결과를 분석하였다. The Coupled thermal-structural response of a rapidly heated model spacecraft boom was studied both experimentally and computationally. Two types of test were conducted during the study: (1) thermally-induced vibration in atmospheric (2) thermally-induced vibration in vacuum. The test results that were to explain the phenomena of the thermally-induced vibration for the flexible space structure due to abrupt change of radiation heating circumstance. In order to investigate this. numerical approaches on the simplified flexible tube were compared with experimental test results at the various ground experimental facility. In this analyze, it was found that the thermal deformation occurred firstly due to fast radiation heating of flexible structure and then the thermally-induced vibration would be induced due to small periodic change of temperature.

A STUDY ON THE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE KOREAN YI-DYNASTY BELL TYPE STRUCTURE

Kong,Chang-Duck,Chung,Suk-Choo,Yum,Young-Ha 서울산업대학교 산업대학원 1993 大學院論文集 Vol.2 No.-

The dynamic characteristics of the Korean Yi-dynasty bell type structure, including the acoustic effects, are analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. The numerical solutions of natural frequencies and mode shape for membrane and flexural behavior are obtained by using the NASTRAN program for the finite element method with plate shell elements of triangular and quadrilateral types. Test bells, A and B types similar to the Kap-Sa bell in Kong-Ju chosen among typical Korean Yi-dynasty bells, are manufactured on different scales to the original bell. To consider the effects of the variation of the structural dimension on the dynamic response, these bells are analyzed with respect to variation of the thickness of the well and the bottom rim and the asymmetric Dang-Jwas. The impact method with the Fast Fourier Transform Analyzer is adopted to experimentally assess the dynamic response. Results are in good agreement with the numerical solutions.

Fast Output Voltage-Regulated PWM Buck Converter With an Adaptive Ramp Amplitude Control

Ji-Soo Chang,Hyoung-Seok Oh,Young-Hyun Jun,Bai-Sun Kong IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. a publi Vol.60 No.10

<P>This brief presents a pulsewidth modulation buck converter with an adaptive ramp amplitude control. The proposed buck converter can improve the load transient response and the reference tracking speed. A chip was fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology. Measurement results showed that the overshoot/undershoot at the output during the load transient period was reduced by up to 57% for a 450-mA load current step and that the reference tracking speed was improved by up to 71% for a 1.5-V output voltage change. The measured maximum power conversion efficiency was 92.6% at 3-MHz switching frequency when input and output voltages are 3.3 and 2 V, respectively.</P>

Development of vitrification protocol in Rubia akane (nakai) hairy roots using a systematic approach.

Park, Sang-Un,Kong, Hyunjung,Shin, Dong-Jin,Bae, Chang-Hwan,Lee, Sheong-Chun,Bae, Chang-Hyu,Rha, Eui-Shik,Kim, Haeng-Hoon Royal Veterinary College 2014 Cryo letters Vol.35 No.2

<P>A solution-based vitrification protocol is a process of sequentially changing-solutions from which both influx of cryoprotectants (loading) and efflux of water (dehydration) were accomplished before cryo-exposure. Hence, we need to properly control the concentration /composition of the cryoprotectant solutions.</P>

Late Quaternary inner shelf deposits in response to late Pleistocene-Holocene sea level changes: Nakdong River, SE Korea

Yoo, D.G.,Kim, S.P.,Chang, T.S.,Kong, G.S.,Kang, N.K.,Kwon, Y.K.,Nam, S.L.,Park, S.C. Pergamon Press 2014 QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL Vol.344 No.-

The high-resolution seismic profiles from the inner shelf off the Nakdong River in SE Korea can be directly correlated with the lithologic characteristics in the borehole data. These correlations offer an opportunity to document the evolution of the inner shelf deposits with sediment supplies in response to the late Quaternary sea level changes. The inner shelf sequence in this area consists of four sedimentary units, which comprise a set of lowstand, transgressive, and highstand systems tracts deposited since the last glacial maximum: incised-channel fill (SU1), estuary (SU2), sand veneer (SU3), and subaqueous delta (SU4). The lowermost unit (SU1), which overlies the sequence boundary, is interpreted as fluvial deposits formed during the last glacial period and the early stage of transgression, and belongs to the lowstand to transgressive systems tract. The lower middle unit (SU2) lying below the ravinement surface represents a paralic component that consists of estuarine sandy mud or muddy sand developed between approximately 13 and 8 cal ka BP, whereas the upper middle unit (SU3) above the ravinement surface corresponds to a marine component that consists of sand veneer produced by the shelf erosion during the ensuing sea-level rise. These two units (SU2 and SU3) belong to the transgressive deposits. The uppermost unit (SU4), regarded as the highstand systems tract, formed the Nakdong subaqueous delta including the proximal and distal systems developed after the highstand sea level at approximately 6 cal ka BP. The lateral transition from the proximal to distal facies suggests a prograding delta system in the Nakdong River.

Injecting NMDA and Ro 25-6981 in insular cortex induce neuroplastic changes and neuropathic pain-like behaviour

Yoon, M.S.,Koh, C.S.,Lee, J.,Shin, J.,Kong, C.,Jung, H.H.,Chang, J.W. Wiley (John WileySons) 2018 European journal of pain Vol.22 No.9

<P>SignificanceThis article represents that the CPR model can mimic the neuropathic pain derived by neuroplastic changes. Our findings indicate that the CPR model may aid the development of novel therapeutic strategies for neuropathic pain and in elucidating the mechanisms underlying pain induced by central sensitization and neuroplastic changes.</P>