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Informed Traders : Linking legal insider trading and share repurchases
Konan Chan,David L. Ikenberry,Inmoo Lee,Yanzhi (Andrew) Wang 한국재무학회 2011 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.09
Logic suggests that a link might exist between insider trades and share repurchases for their potential to signal mispricing when market prices deviate from fair value; both events emanate from essentially the same set of decision makers. A rich set of literatures suggests that executives have timing ability with respect to both events. However, several researchers view this collective evidence with suspicion and discount the notion that the evidence reflects fundamental mispricing or managerial timing. We address this debate by considering these two transactions jointly using publicly available information to form portfolios evaluated using performance metrics common to the asset management industry as well as those commonly used in academic studies. For “value” buyback firms where the likelihood of undervaluation is seemingly a more plausible economic motivation for repurchases, insider trading provides a strong complement to the repurchase signal. The same is not true for other buyback cases where factors aside from mispricing may be motivating those repurchase decisions. Our evidence is consistent with prior studies which conclude that some managers do exhibit timing ability.
Effect of organic solvents on zinc oxide chemical and structural properties
F.K. Konan,B. Hartiti,B. Aka 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2019 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.20 No.4
Sol-gel method is a high yield, low cost, simple technique, and robust technology that we frequently use in our laboratory. Solvents are crucial components in specialty chemical processes, and have a significant influence on the properties of thin film materials. In this paper, a series of three spin-coated zinc oxide thin films were prepared and characterized to compare the effect of different solvents such as 2-methoxyethanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) on the morphological, structural and chemical properties of coated films. To this purpose, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were used. According to the results of XRD data, the presence of crystallography plane (002) wurtzite phase was revealed in all the synthesized films. The crystallite average sizes, estimated by means of Scherer formula, ranged between 28 and 43 nm as function of the nature of solvents. SEM analysis indicated that the samples exhibited dense particle morphology with grains well-ordered and EDS spectra showed Zn and O elements. The crystal qualities, grain size, diameter, d-spacing and texture coefficient of the as-grown films were affected by the type of solvent used in the ZnO layer preparation. These results suggest that it is possible to vary the chemical and structural properties of coated zinc oxide thin films by controlling the organic solvents. As 2-methoxyethanol, ethanol and IPA were used to prepare the ZnO films, highly (002)-oriented ZnO thin films were formed with 2-methoxyethanol
China's Quest for Energy Resources on Global Markets
Denise Eby Konan,Jian Zhang 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2008 Pacific Focus Vol.23 No.3
Economic prosperity in China is accompanied by a growing demand for energy. Heavily reliant on coal and petroleum, continued growth in Chinese energy use will rapidly increase global greenhouse gas emissions at a time when reductions are believed to be urgently needed to stabilize global climate change. By 2050 China will consume an estimated 17 percent of global energy demand. Chinese energy demand impacts global energy security as China’s foreign policy agenda involves strategic partnerships with key energy suppliers.
SEM/EDX, UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy and refractive index studies of zinc oxide thin films
F.K. Konan,A. Betié,H.J.T. Nkuissi,K. Dakshi,B. Aka,B. Hartiti 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2017 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.18 No.12
We used sol-gel via spin-coating technique to prepare zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films on glass substrates under three differentconditions. SEM/EDX and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy characterizations were used to analyze the as-grown samples. Thesurface of all the films is homogeneous, has regular elongated grains and the thin films prepared consist of zinc and oxygenelements. In the wavelength region 200-800 nm, all the samples show high transparency (> 90%). The optical band gap valuesof the three corresponding ZnO layers were 3.2884, 3.3322 and 3.2985 eV respectively at 0.55 M, 0.75 M and 0.95 M conditionsand the refractive index values are ranging from 1.982 to 2.009. These properties obtained of the ZnO thin films prepared wereexamined depending on the precursor concentration conditions and are attractive for use in photovoltaic applications as abuffer layer in copper indium gallium di-selenide (Cu(In,Ga)Se2) solar cells
N’goran Georges Poh Konan,Minyaka Emile,N’zi Jean-Claude,Kouassi Modeste Kan,Kouamé Christophe,N’dri Denis,Djeni Theodore N’dede 한국식물생명공학회 2023 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.17 No.5
The induction, development, and maturation of somatic embryos in cocoa are subjected to numerous failures during the various development stages. Understanding the biochemical/molecular events governing somatic embryogenesis in T. cacao will help to overcome these failures. The present study focused on cocoa somatic embryogenesis proteomic variations with the aim to shed light on the constraints of somatic embryos during their development stages (induction, expression, and maturation). These were investigated using combinations of LC–MS/MS coupled with TripleTOF 5600 + and Orbitrap Fusion methods during cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) somatic embryogenesis. Non-embryogenic callus (NC), embryogenic callus (EC), somatic embryos (ESN), and zygotic embryos (EZM) were used as samples. Sample analyses followed by bioinformatics research identified a total of 1762 proteins. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were derived from NC (429), EC (301), ESN (911), and EZM (511) and classified according to ontological categories. The analysis of KEGG pathways in NC and EZM showed that they were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. While in EC and ESN, they are enriched in endoplasmic reticulum protein processing. Based on protein–protein interaction analysis, proteins in EC and ESN were highly regulated and involved in environmental stress. On the other hand, proteins in NC and EZM, highly regulated were involved in energy metabolism. This proteomic study provides clues to understand the low rate of conversion to plant in somatic embryogenesis and helps to build a model for improved culture medium.
Foreign Direct Investment and Host-Country Trading Blocs
Heinrich, Jeff,Konan, Denise Eby 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 2000 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.15 No.4
We consider the impact of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) on horizontal foreign direct investment (FDI) coming from parent countries outside the PTA. While easier access to a larger market due to a PTA may justify new FDI, preexisting investments may be rationalized as firms concentrate production in a single plant in the PTA. Which effect dominates depends on the extent of pre-PTA tariff jumping. The number of firms in the industry and non-PTA-induced changes in inward FDI.
Foreign Direct Investment and Host-Country Trading Blocs
( Jeff Heinrich ),( Denise Eby Konan ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2000 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.15 No.4
We consider the impact of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) on horizontal foreign direct investment (FDI) coming from parent countries outside the PTA. While easier access to a larger market due to a PTA may justify new FDI, preexisting investments may be rationalized as firms concentrate production in a single plant in the PTA. Which effect dominates depends on the extent of pre-PTA tariff jumping. The number of firms in the industry and non-PTA welfare may rise or fall. PTA welfare increases regardless of PTA-induced changes in inward FDI.