지방자치단체 기후변화 취약성 유형 및 적응방안 연구

고재경(Koh Jaekyung) 서울행정학회 2011 한국사회와 행정연구 Vol.22 No.2

The objective of this paper is to classify climate change vulnerability types among local governments and outline adaptive actions. The definition of vulnerability developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is utilized to create the vulnerability indices of exposure. sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Vulnerability characteristics are divided into 4 types according to potential impact. which is a function of exposure and sensitivity, together with the adaptive capacity axis. The results show that Gimpo. Yeoncheon, Pocheon, Yeoju and Yangpyeong belong to Type 1 which is the most vulnerable with high climate change impact and low adaptive capacity. Type 2 includes areas such as Uiwang, Dongducheon, Hanam, Gwangmyeong where the impact of climate change is not high, but adaptive capacity is low. These areas are exposed to residual risk, and in some cases become more vulnerable due to ineffective policies. Type 3 indicates the areas that are endogenously influenced by climate change, but where risks caused by exposure to climate change can be overcome to some extent because of high adaptive capacity. Yangju. Pyeongtaek, Gapyeong, Paju. Osan and Goyang belong to Type 3. Finally the Type 4 areas of Gwacheon, Suwon, Anyang, Sungnam and Ansan are the areas where vulnerability is lowest. Although the types of vulnerability displayed are similar, variations occur based on system characteristics and adaptive strategies. Consequently it is necessary to differentiate the adaptation strategies and approaches according to geographic characteristics, land use. demographic characteristics, economic capability, and institutional capacity of each specific region.

환경문제 해결을 위한 국내 시민과학 유형과 특성 연구

고재경(Jaekyung Koh),예민지(Minji Ye) 한국환경정책학회 2020 環境政策 Vol.28 No.4

주택 에너지효율 개선 프로그램 사례 연구

고재경(Jaekyung Koh) 한국환경정책학회 2018 環境政策 Vol.26 No.3

기후변화 적응 행동 촉진 요인 연구

고재경 ( Jaekyung Koh ),이우평 ( Woo Pyeong Yi ) 한국환경정책학회 2016 環境政策 Vol.24 No.2

불확실하고 복잡한 기후변화 문제에 대응하기 위해서는 과거와 같이 관주도의 구조적 대책으로는 한계가 있으며 보다 유연하고 적응적인 시스템에 기반한 위험관리로의 패러다임 전환이 필요하다. 이에 따라 위험 평가, 적응 전략 수립, 적응 행동 실천에 다양한 민관 주체의 참여와 협력을 통한 거버넌스의 역할이 중요해지고 있으며, 기후변화 적응 정책도 민간 주체가 적극적인 위험경감 투자와 행동을 통해 책임을 분담하는 방향으로 변화하고 있다. 특히 기후변화 피해를 직접적으로 받는 커뮤니티의 자발적인 적응 행동은 기후변화 회복력 강화에 핵심적인 요인이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 기후변화 잠재적 취약지역에 대한 주민 설문조사를 토대로 회귀분석을 통해 기후변화 적응 행동 촉진 요인을 분석하는데 있다. 분석결과 신뢰, 파트너십과 같은 사회적 자본, 기후변화 적응에 대한 지식과 정보, 적응에 대한 개인적 책임 인식이 위험경감을 위한 적응 투자와 비용 부담 의사에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 폭염과 홍수에 대한 적응 행동 요인은 차이를 보였으며, 이에 따라 적응 정책 설계에 이러한 기후변화 위험 특성을 고려할 필요가 있다. 기후변화 안심마을과 같은 정부 주도의 기후변화 적응 정책은 위험관리에 정부의존도를 높일 가능성이 있으므로 개인의 책임과 역할에 대한 인식 제고가 함께 이루어져야 한다. 또한 적응 행동을 촉진하기 위해서는 지역사회의 기후변화 적응 경험과 지역적 특성에 기반한 위험 커뮤니케이션과 인센티브 시스템이 함께 고려되어야 한다. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of climate change related issues, traditional structural approaches are limited. Thus, with a flexible and adaptive system, not only central and local governments but also private actors should actively take responsibility for disaster risk reduction. Governance that promotes continuous coordination and cooperation is key for successful adaptation to climate change. In particular, it is necessary to contribute community participation into risk assessments and adaptation strategies. Based on survey data from three areas potentially vulnerable to climate change, this study analyzed the features of adaptation actions of local inhabitants using regression analyses. The results show that social capital such as trust and partnership, adaptation knowledge and information, and awareness of individual responsibility, facilitate inhabitants’ willingness to pay for risk reduction. People showed different tendencies regarding adaptation action for ‘flooding’ and ‘heat waves,’ this indicates a need for caution in order to ensure inclusive adaptative governance is adopted. Government driven adaptation policy without community participation, for example ‘Climate Change Safe Town’ projects, can increase dependency on government for risk management. It is necessary, therefore, to raise awareness about roles and responsibilities for adaptation. In order to foster action for adaptation, it is essential to have incentive systems and customized risk communication strategies based on specific local characteristics and experiences.

광역자치단체 온실가스 배출량과 경제성장의 탈동조화 분석

고재경 ( Koh Jaekyung ),예민지 ( Ye Minji ) 한국지방행정연구원 2022 地方行政硏究 Vol.36 No.1

탄소중립을 위한 지역의 역할이 강조되고 있다. 국가 온실가스 감축목표를 효과적으로 달성하기 위해서는 지역의 온실가스 배출 특성과 감축 여건을 고려한 차별화된 전략과 접근이 필요하다. 본 연구는 광역지자체의 탈동조화 현상을 분석하고 시사점을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 온실가스 배출량은 경제활동과 밀접하게 관련되어 있어서 온실가스 배출과 경제성장의 관계를 나타내는 탈동조화(decoupling)는 기후변화 논의에서 중요한 주제이다. 이를 위해 2001~2018년 동안 연도별 단기 탈동조화 지수를 산정하여 추세를 파악한 다음 회귀분석을 통해 10년 주기로 지역별 탈동조화 정도를 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과 16개 시도의 탈동조화 지수는 시간의 변화에 따라 전반적으로 개선되는 추세를 보였으나 지역별 탈동조화 정도는 차이를 나타내었다. 기간별로는 제주와 충남을 제외한 모든 지역에서 2001~2010년에 비해 2010년 이후의 기간에서 탈동조화 현상이 강화되었으며, 울산, 경남, 대구, 강원 등 4개 지역에서는 통계적으로 유의한 수준의 절대적 탈동조화 현상이 나타났다. 로그평균 디비지아 지수(LMDI) 분석 결과 에너지 집약도 개선 효과가 탈동조화를 추동하는 주요 요인으로 나타나 선행연구와 일치된 결과를 보였다. 이러한 지역별 감축 경로와 역량의 차이를 고려하여 탄소중립 이행을 위한 지역의 권한과 자율성을 부여하는 유연한 접근과 함께 탄소중립 목표 이행의 책임성을 강화할 수 있는 장기적인 정책목표와 수단이 필요하다. The role of local governments for carbon net-zero is being emphasized. To effectively achieve the national greenhouse gas reduction target, a differentiated strategy and approach that reflects the local greenhouse gas emission characteristics and reduction conditions are required. This study aims to analyze the decoupling degree of regional local governments and draw implications for carbon net-zero. Since greenhouse gas emissions are closely related to economic activities, decoupling, which indicates the relationship between the two, is critical in climate change discussions. To this end, we calculated the short-term decoupling index for each year from 2001 to 2018 to figure out the trend and then compared and analyzed the degree of decoupling by region through regression analysis on a 10-year cycle. As a result of the analysis, the decoupling indices of 16 metropolitan cities and provinces showed an overall improvement trend with the change of time, but there were differences in the degree of decoupling by region. By period, decoupling was strengthened in the period after 2010 compared to 2001 to 2010 in all regions except Jeju and Chungnam. In particular, a statistically significant level of absolute decoupling was observed in four regions: Ulsan, Gyeongnam, Daegu, and Gangwon. According to the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) analysis, the energy intensity improvement effect was found to be a major factor driving decoupling, showing results consistent with previous studies. Considering these differences in regional mitigation pathways and capacities, a flexible approach that grants local authority and autonomy for carbon net-zero is needed, along with long-term policy goals and means to strengthen accountability of regional local governments.

「환경서비스 지불 프로그램(PES)」의 적용가능성과 전망

고재경(Koh Jaekyung),이미홍(Lee Mihong) 서울대학교 환경대학원 2008 環境論叢 Vol.47 No.-

지방자치단체 기후변화 적응 거버넌스 변화 연구

고재경(Koh, Jaekyung) 한국기후변화학회 2017 한국기후변화학회지 Vol.8 No.2

환경거버넌스 평가에 관한 연구

고재경(Jaekyung Koh),황원실,좌승희 경기연구원 2007 경기개발연구원 기본연구 Vol.2007 No.11

The objective of the study is to develop indicators to identify and monitor the environmental governance capacity of the local government. Governance is defined as a way to resolve social problems collaboratively based on participation and partnership by a variety of public and private stakeholders. The emphasis on the procedural legitimacy of a decision making contributed to the growth of the governance approach while little attention has been paid to its performance or evaluation. The indicator system presented by the study has three categories characterizing local environmental governance capacity as social capital, local environmental administration capacity and partnership between the community and the local government. Surveys, Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and an exemplary application to four local governments of Gyeonggi Province were conducted to choose best indicators. Total 42 indicators are provided. The result of AHP shows that the priority of the first level indicators are partnership between the community and the local government, social capital and local environmental administration capacity in order of significance. At the second level, trust, leadership and participation are preferred. Top 10 priorities at the third level are three indicators representing leadership, three indicators of participation, a training for empowerment, collaboration between environmental NGOs and the local government, and trust in local environmental policy process. It is noteworthy that there is some difference in priorities among academia, NGOs and local agenda 21, and government officials. The indicators could be used in several ways according to the objective of evaluation, local characteristics, and governance participants, etc. They would provide a useful guidance to identify and enhance local environmental governance capacity.

기후변화에 대한 지방자치단체의 적응방안 연구

고재경(Jaekyung Koh),최충익,김희선,좌승희 경기연구원 2008 경기개발연구원 기본연구 Vol.2008 No.11

The objective of the study is to examine constraints to local adaptation to climate change and to suggest policy implications to build adaptative capability at the local level. Less attention has been paid to climate change adaptation but it is increasingly considered as a necessary complement to greenhouse gas mitigation. Adaptation is particularly of a local concern because climate impacts and vulnerability are location-specific, therefore developing adaptation strategies needs a bottom-up approach. Ability to adapt is often affected by real and perceived barriers, whether personal or institutional, which can limit the effectiveness of adaptation actions. Furthermore, uncertainties and long-term nature of planning horizons embedded in climate change lead to questioning the need for local adaptation. The study examined climate change impact and vulnerability in Gyeonggi-Do and conducted a survey to investigate existing institutional restrictions and to identify adaptation priorities. Natural hazard policy was also analyzed as a case to understand the current local adaptive infrastructure. The result of the study shows that lack of resources such as personnel and budget, and lack of supportive guidance and regulations by the national or regional governments present impediments to adaptive actions. Limited understanding of adaptation options and lack of availability of regional or local information on the expected impacts of climate change also restrict local ability to mainstream the issue in the policy process. Education and training programmes, toolkits for a local climate impacts profile and vulnerability assessment, and the adaptation inventory will contribute to building local adaptive capacity by overcoming these barriers. Long-term plans and infrastructure investment sensitive to climate impacts should be adaptation priorities. It is also suggested that local governments take a strategic approach when developing adaptation strategies to which 'no regret' or 'low regret' solutions are helpful.

환경규제 분권화가 지역 환경관리에 미치는 영향

고재경(Jaekyung Koh) 서울행정학회 2007 한국사회와 행정연구 Vol.18 No.1

The inspection and enforcement responsibility on polluting facilities, which had been shared between the national and the local government since 1994, was fully delegated to the local government in 2002 after long debates. The debates have been advanced by proponents and opponents to devolution. Proponents argue that local governments are better able to understand and meet the needs of their communities by tailoring regulatory solutions to local needs and concern, while opponents contend that local governments are reluctant to enforce strong regulation because environmental protection is considered to impose economic cost on the local industry. This study aims to inform this debate by providing empirical support for some of these arguments with the case of Gyeonggi Province. The impact of decentralized environmental regulation on Gyeonggi Provincial government's enforcement efforts was analyzed in terms of change in enforcement level, environmental management capacity such as budget, effective and quick response to the problem, policy experiment or innovation, and private-public partnership in monitoring activities, and environmental quality. The analysis showed that decentralization contributed to improved environmental management of the Gyeonggi Provincial government rather than lax enforcement. However, the current enforcement responsibility between province and municipalities still needs further improvements.