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Kochhar Sunita,Ahmad Gayas,Kochhar Vinod Kumar The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2004 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.6 No.4
The present study describes the ameliorating effect of $Ca^{++}\;on\;Cd^{++}$ toxicity on the germination, early growth of mungbean seedlings, nitrogen assimilation enzyme. s-nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NIR), anti-oxidant enzymes (POD, CAT and SOD) and on the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and sulphydryls. $Cd^{++}$ inhibited seed germination and root and shoot length of seedlings. While NR activity was down- regulated, the activities of NIR, POD and SOD were up- regulated with $Cd^{++}$ treatment. $Cd^{++}$ treatment also increased the accumulation of sulphydryls and peroxides, which is reflective of increased thiol rich proteins and oxidative stress. $Ca^{++}$ reversed the toxic effects of $Cd^{++}$ on germination and on early growth of seedlings as well as on the enzyme activities, which were in turn differentially inhibited with a combined treatment with calcium specific chelator EGTA. The results indicate that the external application of $Ca^{++}$ may increase the tolerance capacity of plants to environmental pollutants by both up and down regulating metabolic activities. Abbreviations: $Cd^{++}= cadmium,\;Ca^{++} = calcium$, NR= nitrate reductase, NIR=nitrite reductase, POD = peroxidse, SOD= superoxide dismutase, CAT= catalase, EGTA= ethylene glycol-bis( $\beta-aminoethyl ether$)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid.
Kochhar, Ajay Kumar,Jindal, Umesh,Singh, Karandeep Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12
To determine the pattern of disease in patients presenting with breast lumps and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of fine needle aspiration cytology of benign and malignant diseases as a diagnostic tool by correlating with histopathology findings. This retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha, from Jan 2008 to April 2012. Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed on 370 cases and out of these 52 cases were received in the Department for histopathological examination. Fibroadenoma was the most common disease encountered, in 88 (24%), with a peak incidence in second and third decade of life. Fibrocystic disease was second, being common in the third and fourth decades of life. Peak incidences of duct ectasia, granulomatous and tubercular mastitis were seen in the third decade. Gynaecomastia showed two peak incidences in second and sixth decades of life. Out of total 370 cases undergoing fine needle aspiration, benign cases were 316 (85.4%), malignant and suspicious were 54 (14.6%) and 10 (2.70%) respectively. Out of total 22 histological confirmed malignant lesions 19 were interpreted as malignant cytologically while two as suspicious and one as benign. All thirty histologically confirmed benign cases were diagnosed as benign cytologically. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 98%, 100%, 100% and 96.4% respectively. FNA cytology is highly accurate for diagnosis of breast masses. However, the clinician should correlate FNA cytological results with physical examination and imaging findings to prevent false negative and false positive events and to obtain optimal management of their patients.
Kochhar, Sonali,Excler, Jean-Louis,Bok, Karin,Gurwith, Marc,McNeil, Michael M.,Seligman, Stephen J.,Khuri-Bulos, Najwa,Klug, Bettina,Laderoute, Marian,Robertson, James S.,Singh, Vidisha,Chen, Robert T Elsevier Ltd. 2019 Vaccine Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Live viral vectors that express heterologous antigens of the target pathogen are being investigated in the development of novel vaccines against serious infectious agents like HIV and Ebola. As some live recombinant vectored vaccines may be replication-competent, a key challenge is defining the length of time for monitoring potential adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in clinical trials and epidemiologic studies. This time period must be chosen with care and based on considerations of pre-clinical and clinical trials data, biological plausibility and practical feasibility. The available options include: (1) adapting from the current relevant regulatory guidelines; (2) convening a panel of experts to review the evidence from a systematic literature search to narrow down a list of likely <I>potential or known</I> AEFI and establish the optimal risk window(s); and (3) conducting “near real-time“ prospective monitoring for <I>unknown</I> clustering’s of AEFI in validated large linked vaccine safety databases using Rapid Cycle Analysis for pre-specified adverse events of special interest (AESI) and Treescan to identify previously unsuspected outcomes. The risk window established by any of these options could be used along with (4) establishing a registry of clinically validated pre-specified AESI to include in case-control studies. Depending on the infrastructure, human resources and databases available in different countries, the appropriate option or combination of options can be determined by regulatory agencies and investigators.</P>
Anita Kochhar,Malkit Nagi 한국식품영양과학회 2005 Journal of medicinal food Vol.8 No.4
The effect of supplementation of a powdered mixture of three traditional medicinal plantsbittergourd, jamunseeds, and fenugreek seedsin raw and cooked form on blood glucose was studied in 60 noninsulin-dependent male dia-betics. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 each. The patients of group I were given the raw powdered mixturein the form of capsules; the patients of group II were given this mixture in the form of salty biscuits. Daily supplementationof 1 g of this powered mixture for a 1.5-month period and then a further increase to 2 g for another 1.5 months significantlyreduced the fasting as well as the postprandial glucose level of the diabetic patients. A significant decrease in oral hypo-glycemic drug intake and decline in percentage of the subjects who were on hypoglycemic drugs were found after the 3-monthfeeding trial. It was concluded that 2 g of a powdered mixture of traditional medicinal plants in either raw or cooked formcan be successfully used for lowering blood glucose in diabetics.
Index for Objective Measurement of a Research Paper Based On Sentiment Analysis
Sarabjeet Kaur Kochhar,Uma Ojha 한국통신학회 2020 ICT Express Vol.6 No.3
Establishing impact of a research paper is essential for academia, industry and research community alike. The attempts made in this direction are hitherto limited to some objective metrics, largely based on the citation count. The number of citations has always been used as a measure for ascertaining quality and popularity of research papers. Though, citations play an essential role in academic research, sometimes researchers may cite a paper to just point out its weaknesses and infirmities. A subjective look into the sentiments behind citations of a research paper aids in understanding the opinion of the peer research community for a paper. Objective measures such as citing author’s impact factor and the publication’s impact factor, may help to quantify the weightage of citations themselves and should also be included in the assessment of impact of a research paper. In this paper, we formulate a model that combines both the objective and subjective metrics and forms basis for an index to objectively convey the impact of a research paper.
Lee, Hae-Rim,Kochhar, Sunil,Shim, Soon-Mi Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 International journal of analytical chemistry Vol.2015 No.-
<P>The approach of two different ionization techniques including electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was tested for the analysis of cholesteryl esters (CEs). The retention time (RT), signal intensity, protonated ion, and product ion of CEs were compared between ESI and APCI. RT of CEs from both ionizations decreased with increasing double bonds, while it increased with longer carbon chain length. The ESI process generated strong signal intensity of precursor ions corresponding to [M+Na]<SUP>+</SUP> and [M+NH<SUB>4</SUB>]<SUP>+</SUP> regardless of the number of carbon chains and double bonds in CEs. On the other hand, the APCI process produced a protonated ion of CEs [M+H]<SUP>+</SUP> with a weak signal intensity, and it is selectively sensitive to detect precursor ions of CEs with unsaturated fatty acids. The ESI technique proved to be effective in ionizing more kinds of CEs than the APCI technique.</P>
Vaiphei, Kim,Sinha, Saroj Kant,Kochhar, Rakesh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.8
Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common cancer with poor prognosis. It has been hypothesized that Oct4 positive radioresistant stem cells may be responsible for tumor recurrence. Hence, we evaluated Oct4 expression in ESCC in pre-treatment, post neo-adjuvant residual and post-surgical recurrent tumours. Materials and Methods: Endoscopic mucosal biopsies were used to study Oct4 expression and the observations were correlated with histological tumor grades, patient data and clinical background. Results: All patients presented with dysphagia with male predominance and a wide age range. Majority of the patients had intake of mixed diet, history of alcohol and tobacco intake was documented in less than half of the patients. Oct 4 expression was significantly higher in poorly differentiated (PDSCC) and basaloid (BSCC) subtypes than the other better differentiated tumor morphology. Oct4 was also expressed by adjoining esophageal mucosa showing low grade dysplasia and basal cell hyperplasia (BCH). Biopsies in PDSCC and BSCC groups were more likely to show a positive band for Oct4 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dysplasia and BCH mucosa also showed Oct4 positivity by PCR. All mucosal biopsies with normal morphology were negative for Oct4. Number of tissue samples showing Oct4 positivity by PCR was higher than that by the conventional immunohistochemistry (p>0.05). Oct4 expression pattern correlated only with tumor grading, not with other parameters including the clinical background or patient data. Conclusions: Our observations highlighted a possible role of Oct4 in identifying putative cancer stem cells in ESCC pathobiology and response to treatment. The implications are either in vivo existence of Oct4 positive putative cancer stem cells in ESCC or acquisition of cancer stem cell properties by tumor cells as a response to treatment given, resulting ultimately an uncontrolled cell proliferation and treatment failure.