Customs Classification Disputes over IT Products and Implications for Global Trade

Kim. Jaisik,Kim. Soyean 한국상품학회 2015 商品學硏究 Vol.33 No.2

Disputes frequently arise between importers and customs authorities particularly when a new product is, prima facie, classifiable under two or more HS codes. By examining the dispute case of Multi-Chip Packages (MCPs) involving technological progress, this article identifies the problems of new product classification and provides implications for global companies and customs authorities. In examining the Multi-Chip Packages classification case, this research follows an interpretive approach. The case study on the MCPS dispute is conducted based on information collected by searching through related documents and interviewing appropriate individuals concerning MCPS classification. The court's decision on MCPs supported the business community’s argument, focusing on product characteristics. In addition, some indirect forces influenced the court’s classification decision. In particular, the mood in both the home country and abroad might have affected the court's decision to classify MCPs as HS 8542. The court's decision exhibits logical inconsistency and there is confusion in the courts regarding how to apply related laws and regulations to this case. Importers should use the Advance Ruling for Tariff Classification and should provide the latest information on their products to customs authorities. It is also essential for customs authorities to communicate through diversified information channels. The WCO and the WTO should take proper measures to ensure that IT products such as MCPs are classified in the ITA concession nomenclature. The ITA participants have failed to narrow the differences of their positions and as a result, ITA expansion negotiations are now on hold. To reach an agreement, a thorough study should be conducted on IT product classification disputes.

Limitations of Marketing Activities in Parallel Imports

Jaisik Kim,Soyean Kim 한국무역연구원 2015 무역연구 Vol.11 No.4

Parallel imports are non-counterfeit products imported from another country without the permission of the holders of the intellectual property. This research conducts an in-depth qualitative analysis of the Burberry case-a typical dispute between the stakeholders of parallel import marketing activities. Specifically, this research examines the conflicts between a domestic importer with exclusive import rights and a parallel importer with respect to the marketing activities of a parallel importer. Parallel importers sell genuine goods that they have lawfully parallel-imported from overseas, and generally their activities are not considered to have infringed trademark rights or exclusive licensee rights. However, parallel importers should be cautious in determining the boundaries of their marketing activities as parallel imports can be regarded as having infringed trademark rights in some special cases. This research further examines the limitations of parallel import marketing activities and discusses theoretical and practical implications for the parallel import industry.

교육수요자(敎育需要者)의 상고교육(商高敎育)에 대한 태도(態度) 연구(硏究)

김재식(Jaisik Kim) 한국경영교육학회 1998 경영교육연구 Vol.16 No.-

관세분야의 연구경향에 대한 분석과 제언

김재식(Jaisik Kim) 한국관세학회 2009 한국관세학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.5

대만의 고급직업학교에 관한 연구

김재식 서원대학교 2001 교육논총 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Taiwan vocational high school and to find its implication for Korean vocational education. Because there are lots of similarities in system and social reality, it's not easy to find new implications for us. Taiwan vocational education has been carrying the important roles for archiving Taiwan's rapid economic development. On the view point of educational policy, Taiwan government is considering the roles of vocational education for the development of industry as important factors. In Taiwan, the ratio of vocational high school has been very high. But, the vocational high school is decreasing. The reason is the trend that most students and their parents want to go to college. Recently, Taiwan people are not considering the vocational high school as a terminal education. They have a goal to decreasing the ratio of vocational high from 70% to 50%. The authorities of Taiwan education is admitting the trends that the main stream is shifting from vocational high school to junior college. Especially, they have various paths to meet the needs of students and their parents.

일본의 총합학과 제도와 우리 상업교육 체제의 개선방향

김재식 서원대학교 교육대학원 2000 교육논총 Vol.4 No.-

Right now, Korean business education in secondary level is faced to the crucial crisis for survival, because the candidates for vocational high school is decreased yearly As one of the ways to solve the crisis, it's necessary to refer the comprehensive course system in Japan high schools The purpose of this study is to review on the Japan comprehensive course system in high school level to find some implications and then to seek the ways of improvement for Korean business education system in secondary level. This study is mainly based on the literatures review and case study about the Japan comprehensive course system. In Japan, 107 schools have the comprehensive course system and it's about 2% for 5,500 high schools. The curriculum of comprehensive course is consisted of (mandatory core subjects). (recommended coresubjects). (comprehensive elective subjects) and (free effective subjects) The mandatory cores are (Industrial Society and Human Beings). (Introduction for Information) and (Projects) . The official reasons for introducing the new system in japan is to foster the characterizing and diversifying of the high school system and to give the students chances for choosing the courses or subjects suitable for their career goals But, real reasons are to meet the demand for decreasing the ratio of vocational high school. The demand has been increased in accordance with the economic growth. Now, the opposite group for decreasing the ratio of business high schools should change their attitudes and thoughts and try to admit the challenges. One of the alternatives for business high schools is to establish a new high school system that is based on academic high school and is different from current academic schools system. The new high school system may be tailed as a Integrated High School. The new high school model based on the current business high school can easly meet the demand of business circles by offering the courses of informations, finance, entrepreneurship.

비즈니스 매너에 대한 대학생의 인식에 관한 연구

김재식 서원대학교 교육대학원 2003 교육논총 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this study was to research the college students' perceptions on business manners and to find out implications for improving the business education in colleges. For this survey, 300 subjects were sampled among the college students in Chungchung area by their majors and grades. The 227 respondents replied for the questionnaire and then the rate of collection was 75%. The questionnaire was consisted of 45 items and most of them, except 5 general questions, were made with Likert type scale. SPSS 10.0 was used for data analysis and statistical methods such as frequency, mean and ANOVA were applied for it. The research results are summarized as belows. (1) Depending on the Paired t-test, discrepancies of perception between degree of importance and mistake experience on business manner items were significant in all of 15 items(with p< .01). (2) Perceptions of importance degree on the business manner items were significantly different by age and grade, but there were no significant differences by sex, residential area and major(with p< .05). (3) Respondents felt that other person more hurt their feeling or troubled them than they did it to others. The experience on others' rudeness was 3.25, on the other hand, the degree on their own rudeness was 2.43(with full marks=5). (4) According to this survey results, parents were the most important resources of manner education for their son or daughters. (4) Business manner is one of the basic job skills for colleges' graduates. So, each colleges should have a deep concern on the education for business manners and give their students the opportunities to learn business manners.

미국의 School-to-Work Opportunities법에 관한 연구

김재식 서원대학교 교육대학원 2002 교육논총 Vol.6 No.-

The purpose of this study was to find some implications for Korean vocational education by analysing the STWOA of the United States. In the United STates, educational reform in the 1980s focused on improving the academic proficiencies of college-bound students, while virtually ignoring the transition from school-to-work for noncollege-bound youths. As a result, recent reports on the readiness of youths to assume roles in the workplace have described a generation of undereducated students who have received little to no career guidance and who lack the skills necessary to enter an increasingly competitive workplace. Because of this inadequate preparation, youths transition from school to work often face struggles in the labor market, unemployment, and job that lack opportunities for advancement. The STWOA (1994) was intended to focus attention on the importance of assisting in the transition from school to work. The STWOA (1994) was intended to focus attention on the importance of assisting in the transition from school to work. The STWOA was signed into law by President Clinton in May of 1994. It provided seed money to states and local communities to build school -to-work systems to prepare young people for high-skill, high-wage jobs, or for further education. Each school-to-work system has three essential elements--school-based learning, work-based learning, and connecting activities.