A Survey of Machine Translation and Parts of Speech Tagging for Indian Languages

Khedkar, Vijayshri,Shah, Pritesh International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.4

Commenced in 1954 by IBM, machine translation has expanded immensely, particularly in this period. Machine translation can be broken into seven main steps namely- token generation, analyzing morphology, lexeme, tagging Part of Speech, chunking, parsing, and disambiguation in words. Morphological analysis plays a major role when translating Indian languages to develop accurate parts of speech taggers and word sense. The paper presents various machine translation methods used by different researchers for Indian languages along with their performance and drawbacks. Further, the paper concentrates on parts of speech (POS) tagging in Marathi dialect using various methods such as rule-based tagging, unigram, bigram, and more. After careful study, it is concluded that for machine translation, parts of speech tagging is a major step. Also, for the Marathi language, the Hidden Markov Model gives the best results for parts of speech tagging with an accuracy of 93% which can be further improved according to the dataset.

Can we beat the biotin–avidin pair?: cucurbit[7]uril-based ultrahigh affinity host–guest complexes and their applications

Shetty, Dinesh,Khedkar, Jayshree K.,Park, Kyeng Min,Kim, Kimoon The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Chemical Society reviews Vol.44 No.23

<P>The design of synthetic, monovalent host-guest molecular recognition pairs is still challenging and of particular interest to inquire into the limits of the affinity that can be achieved with designed systems. In this regard, cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), an important member of the host family cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n], n = 5-8, 10, 14), has attracted much attention because of its ability to form ultra-stable complexes with multiple guests. The strong hydrophobic effect between the host cavity and guests, ion-dipole and dipole-dipole interactions of guests with CB portals helps in cooperative and multiple noncovalent interactions that are essential for realizing such strong complexations. These highly selective, strong yet dynamic interactions can be exploited in many applications including affinity chromatography, biomolecule immobilization, protein isolation, biological catalysis, and sensor technologies. In this review, we summarize the progress in the development of high affinity guests for CB[7], factors affecting the stability of complexes, theoretical insights, and the utility of these high affinity pairs in different challenging applications.</P>

Annular Pancreas with a Duodenal Web: a Rare Presentation with Simultaneous Intrinsic and Extrinsic Duodenal Obstruction

( Deepa Makhija ),( Hemanshi Shah ),( Vikrant Kumbhar ),( Kiran Khedkar ) 대한췌담도학회 2016 대한췌담도학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Congenital duodenal obstruction is a rare cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction caused by various intrinsic and extrinsic congenital lesions. Annular pancreas is one of the causes of extrinsic duodenal obstruction and a duodenal web is one of the causes of intrinsic duodenal obstruction. The simultaneous occurrence of an extrinsic and intrinsic pathology is rare. Only four such cases have been reported in literature. We present a similar case of male neonate with partial duodenal obstruction caused by annular pancreas and an intrinsic duodenal web.

High-performance acetylcholine sensors based on a field-effect transistor platform functionalized with synthetic receptors

장문정,김효은,이순리,김현우,( Jayshree K. Khedkar ),이영민,황일하,김기문,오준학 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.0

Biosensors based on field-effect transistor platforms allow continuous monitoring of biologically active species with high sensitivity due to the amplification capability of detected signals. To date, a large number of sensors for biogenic substances have utilized high-cost enzyme immobilization methods. Here, highly sensitive organic field-effect transistor (OFET)-based sensors functionalized with synthetic receptors are reported that can selectively detect acetylcholine (ACh+), a critical ion related to the delivery of neural stimulation. This work describes a low-cost, simple, and viable methodology for the fabrication of highly sensitive and selective OFET-based sensors for biogenic substances, and opens up the possibilities of replacing current enzyme-based biosensors.

E-Bodipy fluorescent chemosensor for Zn²⁺ ion

Roy, I.,Shin, J.Y.,Shetty, D.,Khedkar, J.K.,Park, J.H.,Kim, K. Elsevier Sequoia 2016 Journal of photochemistry and photobiology Chemist Vol.331 No.-

A novel ethynylpyridine containing E-Bodipy, 2 was synthesized from a Bodipy precursor 1 and its chemosensing properties towards various transition metal ions including Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>, Co<SUP>2+</SUP>, Cu<SUP>2+</SUP>, Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> and Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> were investigated. A large fluorescence enhancement of 2 was observed upon treatment with Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> whereas addition of Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>, Co<SUP>2+</SUP>, or Cu<SUP>2+</SUP> caused fluorescence quenching of 2, which suggests its potential application as a turn-on fluorescent chemosensor for Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>. The photophysical behaviors of 1 and 2 were characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. In addition, the structure and electronic properties of 1, 2 and its metal complex with Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Cysts of Gastrointestinal Origin in Children: Varied Presentation

Charu Tiwari,Hemanshi Shah,Mukta Waghmare,Deepa Makhija,Kiran Khedkar 대한소아소화기영양학회 2017 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: Abdominal cysts of gastrointestinal origin are rare. Their rarity and varied clinical presentations make their pre-operative diagnosis difficult.Methods: Fourteen patients with histological diagnosis of cysts of gastrointestinal origin admitted between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed with respect to age, sex, clinical presentation, diagnostic modality, site and type of cyst, management, outcome and follow-up.Results: The mean age at presentation was 4 years and there were six males and eight females. Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom. Five patients had an acute presentation-three had distal ileal mesenteric cysts and two had ileal duplication cyst sharing a common wall with ileum. Six patients presented with chronic abdominal pain and lump—three patients had omental cysts and three had mesenteric cysts—two of these in distal ileum and one in sigmoid colon. Two patients presented with antenatally diagnosed palpable abdominal lump. One had a mesenteric cyst of the ileum and the other had a distal ileal duplication cyst which required excision with resection and anastomosis. One patient had an atypical presentation. He was a known case of sickle cell trait and had presented with vague abdominal pain, recurrent cough and multiple episodes of haemoptysis over a period of one year. At laparotomy, gastric duplication cyst was found which was excised completely. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusion: Cysts of gastrointestinal origin are rare and have varied presentation. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment. The results and prognosis are good.

Cysts of Gastrointestinal Origin in Children: Varied Presentation

Tiwari, Charu,Shah, Hemanshi,Waghmare, Mukta,Makhija, Deepa,Khedkar, Kiran The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2017 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: Abdominal cysts of gastrointestinal origin are rare. Their rarity and varied clinical presentations make their pre-operative diagnosis difficult. Methods: Fourteen patients with histological diagnosis of cysts of gastrointestinal origin admitted between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed with respect to age, sex, clinical presentation, diagnostic modality, site and type of cyst, management, outcome and follow-up. Results: The mean age at presentation was 4 years and there were six males and eight females. Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom. Five patients had an acute presentation-three had distal ileal mesenteric cysts and two had ileal duplication cyst sharing a common wall with ileum. Six patients presented with chronic abdominal pain and lump-three patients had omental cysts and three had mesenteric cysts-two of these in distal ileum and one in sigmoid colon. Two patients presented with antenatally diagnosed palpable abdominal lump. One had a mesenteric cyst of the ileum and the other had a distal ileal duplication cyst which required excision with resection and anastomosis. One patient had an atypical presentation. He was a known case of sickle cell trait and had presented with vague abdominal pain, recurrent cough and multiple episodes of haemoptysis over a period of one year. At laparotomy, gastric duplication cyst was found which was excised completely. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusion: Cysts of gastrointestinal origin are rare and have varied presentation. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment. The results and prognosis are good.