The Cold War in East Asia, 1945-1991 - edited by Tsuyoshi Hasegawa Washington, DC: The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2011 Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011

Kenton Clymer 동북아역사재단 2014 Journal of Northeast Asian History Vol.11 No.1

Letter to the Editor : Measuring Gastrointestinal Electrical Activity With Extracellular Electrodes: Author`s Reply

( Kenton M Sanders ),( Grant Hennig ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2015 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.21 No.4

Responses to Enteric Motor Neurons in the Gastric Fundus of Mice With Reduced Intramuscular Interstitial Cells of Cajal

( Kenton M Sanders ),( Anna K Salte ),( Grant W Hennig ),( Sang Don Koh ),( Brian A Perrino ),( Sean M Ward ),( Salah A Baker ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2014 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.20 No.2

Background/Aims Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) play important functions in motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract. The role of ICC as pacemakers is well established, however their participation in neurotransmission is controversial. Studies using mutant animals that lack ICC have yielded variable conclusions on their importance in enteric motor responses. The purpose of this study was to: (1) clarify the role of intramuscular ICC (ICC-IM) in gastric motor-neurotransmission and (2) evaluate remodeling of enteric motor responses in W/WV mice. Methods Kit immunohistochemistry and post-junctional contractile responses were performed on fundus muscles from wild type and W/WV mice and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to evaluate differences in muscarinic and neurokinin receptor expression. Results Although ICC-IM were greatly reduced in comparison with wild-type mice, we found that ICC-IM persisted in the fundus of many W/WV animals. ICC-IM were not observed in W/WV group 1 (46%) but were observed in W/WV group 2 (40%). Evoked neural responses consisted of excitatory and inhibitory components. The inhibitory component (nitrergic) was absent in W/WV group 1 and reduced in W/WV group 2. Enhanced excitatory responses (cholinergic) were observed in both W/WV groups and qPCR revealed that muscarinic-M3 receptor expression was significantly augmented in the W/WV fundus compared to wild type controls. Conclusions This study demonstrates that ICC-IM mediate nitrergic inhibitory neurotransmission in the fundus and provides evidence of plasticity changes in neuronal responses that may explain discrepancies in previous functional studies which utilized mutant animals to examine the role of ICC-IM in gastric enteric motor responses. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;20:171-184)

Competency-Based Aural Theory Using the Personalized System of Instruction

W. Kenton Bales,Roger E. Foltz 漢陽大學校 音樂硏究所 1985 音樂論壇 Vol.2 No.-

음악대학의 시창ㆍ청음 과목은 그 이수과정에서 교수와 학생 모두에게 많은 문제점을 야기시킨다. 그 원인으로는 1) 수강학생들의 능력과 정도 차이가 많고 2) 수업시간 이외에 학생들을 도울 수 있는 방법의 결여, 그리고 3) 평가기준의 모호성을 들 수 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해소하기 위하여 오마하에 있는 네브라스카대학(University of Nebraska at Omaha)에서 시도한 개인별 교수 방법(Personalized System Instruction 또는 PSI)을 소개하고 이 교수방법을 실시한 결과를 통계로 제시하였다.

Interlanguage Issues in Noun Phrases and Information Flow

Lee Kenton 현대영어교육학회 2021 현대영어교육 Vol.22 No.4

Various studies have examined factors affecting the textual cohesion, coherence, and flow of Koreans’ second language writing in English, particularly focusing on articles, connectors, or discourse markers, as well as the overuse and repetitive use of nouns and pronouns. How¬ever, noun use in adjuncts and its effects on information flow and cohesion remain relatively unexplored. This study examines such patterns in an L1 and L2 writing corpus to examine the effects of noun repetition and noun phrase complexity on cohesion. Words counts and multiple variables from Coh-Metrix analysis indicate overuse or repetition of nouns, overuse of cer-tain pronouns, and underuse of syntactic adjuncts, namely, prepositional phrases. Qualitative examination of some essays confirms these patterns of noun usage. The L2 writers relied on simple sentences with few adjuncts that highlight noun or pronoun objects, and some make ineffective or excessive use of lexical and referential cohesion instead of more sophisticated (i.e., grammatically and lexically complex) sentences. This can lead to a more unnatural topic flow and development in paragraphs, with fairly one-dimensional sentence cohesion patterns. Thus, learners need more instruction in noun phrase variety, sentence variety, natural patterns of information flow, and appropriate grammatical sophistication in their paragraphs.

Definite and Indefinite Articles With Abstract Nouns in L2

Lee Kenton 현대영어교육학회 2020 현대영어교육 Vol.21 No.4

Past studies have examined the problems that learners have with English definite, indefinite, and zero articles, particularly for learners whose L1 lacks an article system, such as Korean. Many of the empirical and theoretical studies of article acquisition have examined particular error types and types of nouns that are more problematic. In doing so, they have typically focused on more concrete nouns to the exclusion of abstract nouns. Abstract nouns tend to be used without articles, i.e., as bare nouns, a fact that learners may be aware of. However, such nouns can sometimes be used with articles for a more specific nuance. This study examines the difficulties that abstract nouns might pose for learners, as standard article rules may be unhelpful, especially for less familiar nouns. For this study, a linguistic survey with more abstract nouns was administered. The results showed that they had difficulties with more abstract noun patterns (as measured by semantic indices), and their difficulties were also affected by lexical frequency and complex noun phrases. Article patterns for more abstract nouns can be difficult to learn and teach, as their nuances can vary according to context. Some suggestions are sketched out for teaching such noun patterns.

Analyst Forecast Dispersion, Trading Volume, and Stock Return

Wonseok Choi,Kenton Hoyem,Jung-Wook Kim 서울대학교 경제연구소 2009 Seoul journal of economics Vol.22 No.2

We examine the relationship between opinion divergence among analysts, trading volume, and stock returns around earnings announcements. We find that the positive relation between volume and subsequent returns is stronger among stocks with lower dispersion in analysts' earnings estimates. We show that the high-volume stocks with low opinion divergence also have good past performance, suggesting that the selling pressure from investors with disposition effect may be the cause for the positive volumereturn relationship.

텍스트 마이닝 분석기법을 활용한 부산-상하이 도시 브랜딩 사례 연구

서창배,정세원,김정환,Lee Kenton 중국지역학회 2020 중국지역연구 Vol.7 No.4

Over the last two decades, since the Korean government’s implementing the autonomy of the local governments, they have been making significant efforts to improve their images to establish beneficial brandings. At a time of global economic crisis and illiberal world order, establishing favorable global images and brandings seems to be a vital task for enhancing the local governments’ competitiveness. Busan Metropolitan City, one of the largest local governments in Korea, has received both positive and negative feedback from inside and outside of Korea. For instance, the positive evaluation came from considering this city as a tourist destination, and the negative one received from the city’s life quality, possibility as an international financial center, and global urban competitiveness. Consequently, this paper seeks to probe how the perceptions of Busan Metropolitan City was established in South Korea’s major newspapers. For guaranteeing objective comparative analysis, this paper also collected and reviewed the news coverage of Busan’s major sister city-Shanghai, China. This research had three prominent findings. First, the representations of both cities could not properly establish their urban brandings, but establish the images of their host countries. Second, such representations instead built negative images. Finally, the negative evaluation and decline of city branding might have been caused by the media representation since the media’s coverage was inclined to focus on a conflict situation. To explore the root cause of such obstacle, this study finally suggests a more thorough analysis on domestic and local public awareness and media representations. 한국의 경우, 1995년 지방자치제를 시작한 이래 각 지방정부는 최근 20여 년동안 해당 지역의 이미지를 개선하기 위해 노력해왔다. 특히 세계 경제의 불확실성 증대와 국제 질서의 급격한 변화 속에서 도시 브랜딩은 도시경쟁력 제고에 많은 영향을 미치고 있어 더욱 주목된다. 그러나 한국의 2대 도시인 부산의도시경쟁력은 국내외적으로 엇갈린 평가를 받고 있다. 관광지 또는 국제회의개최도시로서의 부산에 대한 평가는 높은 편이나, 삶의 질, 국제금융센터 지수, 글로벌도시경쟁력 지수 등과 같은 주요 평가에서는 약세를 기록 중이다. 따라서, 현실적인 부산의 위상에 대한 가치 평가를 위한 객관적 지표를 정립하고그 반성과 대안을 모색할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 논문은 부산의 도시 브랜딩 제고를 위해 빅데이터 분석법의 일부인 텍스트마이닝 기법을 활용해 국내언론 보도를 통해 드러난 부산에 대한 인식을 살펴보고, 아시아 도시 중 도시 브랜딩성공사례로 꼽히는 상하이와의 비교 분석함으로써 부산의 도시 브랜딩 현주소를 객관적으로 파악하고자 노력하였다. 이를 통해 다음과 같은 3가지 결론을도출하였다. 첫째, 부산-상하이관련 언론 보도가 도시 이미지가 도시 브랜딩으로 연계되지 못하고 국가 이미지로 연결된다는 점이다. 둘째, 도시 이미지가 긍정적인 이미지를 나타내기보다는 대부분 부정적인 이미지를 나타내고 있다. 셋째, 이러한 부정적인 이미지들이 갈등상황에 주목하고 있어 도시 브랜딩이나이미지를 하락시키는 요인으로 작용할 수 있다는 점이다. 따라서, 부산의 브랜딩 제고를 위한 전략 수립을 위해 부산광역시가 국내⋅외 대중사회에 대한 인식과 언론 보도내용에 대한 더욱 철저하고 세밀한 조사와 분석 필요성을 인식할 것을 주문해본다.

Review : The Significance of Interstitial Cells in Neurogastroenterology

( Peter J Blair ),( Poong Lyul Rhee ),( Kenton M Sanders ),( Sean M Ward ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2014 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.20 No.3

Smooth muscle layers of the gastrointestinal tract consist of a heterogeneous population of cells that include enteric neurons, several classes of interstitial cells of mesenchymal origin, a variety of immune cells and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Over the last number of years the complexity of the interactions between these cell types has begun to emerge. For example, interstitialcells, consisting of both interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha-positive (PDGFRα+) cellsgenerate pacemaker activity throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and also transduce enteric motor nerve signals and mechanosensitivityto adjacent SMCs. ICC and PDGFRα+ cells are electrically coupled to SMCs possibly via gap junctions forminga multicellular functional syncytium termed the SIP syncytium. Cells that make up the SIP syncytium are highly specialized containingunique receptors, ion channels and intracellular signaling pathways that regulate the excitability of GI muscles. Theunique role of these cells in coordinating GI motility is evident by the altered motility patterns in animal models where interstitialcell networks are disrupted. Although considerable advances have been made in recent years on our understanding of the roles of these cells within the SIP syncytium, the full physiological functions of these cells and the consequences of the irdisruption in GI muscles have not been clearly defined. This review gives a synopsis of the history of interstitial cell discovery and highlights recent advances in structural, molecular expression and functional roles of these cells in the GI tract.

Strontium and Cesium Release Mechanisms during Unsaturated Flow through Waste-Weathered Hanford Sediments

Chang, Hyun-shik,Um, Wooyong,Rod, Kenton,Serne, R. Jeff,Thompson, Aaron,Perdrial, Nicolas,Steefel, Carl I.,Chorover, Jon American Chemical Society 2011 Environmental science & technology Vol.45 No.19

<P>Leaching behavior of Sr and Cs in the vadose zone of Hanford site (Washington) was studied with laboratory-weathered sediments mimicking realistic conditions beneath the leaking radioactive waste storage tanks. Unsaturated column leaching experiments were conducted using background Hanford pore water focused on first 200 pore volumes. The weathered sediments were prepared by 6 months reaction with a synthetic Hanford tank waste leachate containing Sr and Cs (10<SUP>–5</SUP> and 10<SUP>–3</SUP> molal representative of LO- and HI-sediment, respectively) as surrogates for <SUP>90</SUP>Sr and <SUP>137</SUP>Cs. The mineral composition of the weathered sediments showed that zeolite (chabazite-type) and feldspathoid (sodalite-type) were the major byproducts but different contents depending on the weathering conditions. Reactive transport modeling indicated that Cs leaching was controlled by ion-exchange, while Sr release was affected primarily by dissolution of the secondary minerals. The later release of K, Al, and Si from the HI-column indicated the additional dissolution of a more crystalline mineral (cancrinite-type). A two-site ion-exchange model successfully simulated the Cs release from the LO-column. However, a three-site ion-exchange model was needed for the HI-column. The study implied that the weathering conditions greatly impact the speciation of the secondary minerals and leaching behavior of sequestrated Sr and Cs.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2011/esthag.2011.45.issue-19/es2010368/production/images/medium/es-2011-010368_0001.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/es2010368'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>