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Position vectors of a spacelike $W$-curve in Minkowski space $\Bbb{E}^3_1$
Kaz\i m {\. I}larslan,{\ 대한수학회 2007 대한수학회보 Vol.44 No.3
In this paper, we study the position vectors of a spacelikeW -curve (or a helix), i.e., curve with constant curvatures, with spacelike,timelike and null principal normal in the Minkowski 3-space E31. Wegive some chracterizations for spacelikeW - curves whose image lies onthe pseudohyperbolical space H20 and Lorentzian sphere S21 by using thepositions vectors of the curve.
INTERNATIONAL SHAREHOLDINGS AND STRATEGIC EXPORT POLICY
MIYAGIWA, KAZ 한국국제경제학회 1992 International Economic Journal Vol.6 No.3
If either (ⅰ) domestic residents hold shares of the foreign firm or (ⅱ) foreigners hold shares of the domestic firm, an export subsidy can reduce rather than increase national welfare within the Brander-Spencer model. Two sufficient conditions for such a case are presented. Also discussed are the optimal export policies in the presence of international cross shareholdings.
ON THE IMPOSSSIBILITY OF IMMISERIZING GROWTH
MIYAGIWA, KAZ 한국국제경제학회 1993 International Economic Journal Vol.7 No.2
Propositions 1 through 3 presented in the present study together with the results cited in the introduction complete all the possible cases which are obtained by relaxing Johnson's classic work on immiserizing growth. The table below summarizes the results. There, HO stands for the Heckscher-Ohlin model (mobile capital), and RV^m and RV^e indicate the Ricardo-Viner model in which expanding capital is specific to the import-competing sector and the export sector, respectively. The sign (+) means a welfare improvement, (-) a welfare reduction, and superscripts n and s indicate the existence of necessary and sufficient conditions for the indicated prediction to hold, respectively. This table shows the impossibility of immiserizing growth in the presence of an import quota. In the case of a tariff, we have the necessary and sufficient conditions for immiserization to arise in the three cases; those considered by Johnson, Brecher-Alejandro and Srinivasan. In addition we have found that an increase in the stock of domestic capital specific to the import-competing sector can reduce welfare: however, the sufficient condition for immiserization not to arise is stated in Proposition I . In the remaining cases, immiserizing growth is impossible. In addition, it has been shown that when foreign capital inflows are endogenous any growth or technical progress that affects GDP favorably will also raise host country welfare in the presence of a quota. In contrast, if a tariff is imposed an increase in welfare depends crucially on sector specificity of foreign capital. We have also shown that in the presence of a given import quota the optimal rate of taxation of foreign capital is zero for a small country whereas it is positive in the presence of a tariff. Our final remark is that our analysis has shown the impossibility of immiserizing growth in the presence of a quota under the assumption that it is the only distortion in the economy in consideration. This result need not hold in the presence of another distortion or externalities in the economy, as a recent paper by Chao and Yu (1991) demonstrates.
Strategic Export Subsidies under a Budget Constraint : Ad Valorem versus Specific
Hwang, Hong,Miyagiwa, Kaz,Wong, Kar-yiu 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 1997 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.12 No.1
This notes shows that in the Brander-Spencer model of export subsidy, if there is no cost of financing subsidies, either a specific export subsidy or an ad valorem export subsidy can be used to achieve the same maximum welfare level. If, however, there is a binding budget constraint, a specific subsidy dominates an ad valorem subsidy.(JEL Classification: F13)
Strategic Export Subsidies under a Budget Constraint: Ad Valorem versus Specific
( Kar Yiu Wong ),( Hong Hwang ),( Kaz Miyagiwa ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1997 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.12 No.1
This note shows that in the Brander-Spencer model of export subsidy, if there is no cost of financing subsidies, either a specific export subsidy or an ad valorem export subsidy can be used to achieve the same maximum welfare level. If, however, there is a binding budget constraint, a specific subsidy dominates an ad valorem subsidy. (JEL Classification: F13)
( Kandai Nozu ),( Yutaka Takaoka ),( Hirofumi Kai ),( Minoru Takasato ),( Kensuke Yabuuchi ),( Tomohiko Yamamura ),( Tomoko Horinouchi ),( Nana Sakakibara ),( Takeshi Ninchoji ),( China Nagano ),( Kaz 대한신장학회 2020 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.39 No.4
Alport syndrome (AS) is a progressive inherited kidney disease characterized by hearing loss and ocular abnormalities. There are three forms of AS depending on inheritance mode: X-linked Alport syndrome (XLAS), autosomal recessive AS (ARAS), and autosomal dominant AS (ADAS). XLAS is caused by pathogenic variants in COL4A5, which encodes type IV collagen α5 chain, while ADAS and ARAS are caused by variants in COL4A3 or COL4A4, which encode type IV collagen α3 or α4 chain, respectively. In male XLAS or ARAS cases, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) develops around a median age of 20 to 30 years old, while female XLAS or ADAS cases develop ESKD around a median age of 60 to 70 years old. The diagnosis of AS is dependent on either genetic or pathological findings. However, determining the pathogenicity of the variants detected by gene tests can be difficult. Recently, we applied the following molecular investigation tools to determine pathogenicity: 1) in silico and in vitro trimer formation assay of α345 chains to assess triple helix formation ability, 2) kidney organoids constructed from patients’ induced pluripotent stem cells to identify α5 chain expression on the glomerular basement membrane, and 3) in vitro splicing assay to detect aberrant splicing to determine the pathogenicity of variants. In this review article, we discuss the genetic background and novel assays for determining the pathogenicity of variants. We also discuss the current treatment approaches and introduce exon skipping therapy as one potential treatment option.
Soichi Murakami,Kazuyuki Hirose,Yo Kurashima,Nagato Sato,Saseem Poudel,Kimitaka Tanaka,Aya Matsui,Yoshitsugu Nakanishi,Toshimichi Asano,Takehiro Noji,Yuma Ebihara,Toru Nakamura,Takahiro Tsuchikawa,Kaz 대한외상중환자외과학회 2023 Journal of Acute Care Surgery Vol.13 No.2
Purpose: General surgeons at regional hospitals should have the primary trauma care skills necessary to treat critically ill trauma patients to withstand transfer. This study was conducted to identify a consensus on primary trauma care skills for general surgeons. Methods: An initial list of acute care surgical skills was compiled, and revised by six trauma experts (acute care surgeons); 33 skills were nominated for inclusion in the Delphi consensus survey. Participants (councilors of the Japanese Society for Acute Care Surgery) were presented with the list of 33 trauma care skills and were asked (using web-based software) to rate how strongly they agreed or disagreed (using a 5-point Likert scale) with the necessity of each skill for a general surgeon. The reliability of consensus was predefined as Cronbach’s α ≥ 0.8, and trauma care skills were considered as primarily required when rated 4 (agree) or 5 (strongly agree) by ≥ 80% participants. Results: There were 117 trauma care specialists contacted to participate in the Delphi consensus survey panel. In the 1st round, 85 specialists participated (response rate: 72.6%). In the 2nd round, 66 specialists participated (response rate: 77.6%). Consensus was achieved after two rounds, reliability using Cronbach’s α was 0.94, and 34 items were identified as primary trauma care skills needed by general surgeons. Conclusion: A consensus-based list of trauma care skills required by general surgeons was developed. This list can facilitate the development of a new trauma training course which has been optimized for general surgeons.