http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Unique Features of Gastric Cancer in Young Patients: Experience from a General Hospital in Nepal
Kandel, Bishnu Prasad,Singh, Yogendra Prasad,Ghimire, Bikal Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.5
Background: Gastric cancer, the fifth most common malignancy in the world, usually affects older individuals but can occur in younger age groups. In this study we compared the clinicopathological profile of young patients of gastric cancer with that of older patients. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective study of gastric cancer patients treated over three year period (January 2012 to December 2014). Data of patients were obtained from the medical record. Clinical and pathological characters of younger patients (age 40 years or less) were compared with older patients (age more than 40 years). Results: There were total of 152 patients treated during the study period. Twenty patients (13.2%) were less than 40 years of age and 132 (86.8%) were older. The male to female ratio in younger patients was 1:1.5 whereas in older patients it was 1:0.6. In the younger age group 14 patients (70%) had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in contrast to 45% in the older age group (p<0.01). Some 55% of younger and 42% of older patients had stage IV disease at presentation and curative surgery was not possible. Palliative surgery for gastric outlet obstruction or bleeding from the tumor was performed on 25% and 21% respectively. Conclusions: Gastric cancer in young people aged less than 40 years has unique characters like female predominance, unfavorable tumor biology, and advanced stage at presentation. There should be a high index of suspicion of gastric cancer even in young patients.
Should We Resect and Discard Low Risk Diminutive Colon Polyps
Pujan Kandel,Michael B. Wallace 대한소화기내시경학회 2019 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.52 No.3
Diminutive colorectal polyps <5 mm are very common and almost universally benign. The current strategy of resection withhistological confirmation of all colorectal polyps is costly and may increase the risk of colonoscopy. Accurate, optical diagnosis withouthistology can be achieved with currently available endoscopic technologies. The American Society of Gastrointestinal EndoscopyPreservation and Incorporation of Valuable endoscopic Innovations supports strategies for optical diagnosis of small non neoplasticpolyps as long as two criteria are met. For hyperplastic appearing polyps <5 mm in recto-sigmoid colon, the negative predictive valueshould be at least 90%. For diminutive low grade adenomatous appearing polyps, a resect and discard strategy should be suffcientlyaccurate such that post-polypectomy surveillance recommendations based on the optical diagnosis, agree with a histologically diagnosisat least 90% of the time. Although the resect and discard as well as diagnose and leave behind approach has major benefits with regardto both safety and cost, it has yet to be used widely in practice. To fully implement such as strategy, there is a need for better-qualitytraining, quality assurance, and patient acceptance. In the article, we will review the current state of the science on optical diagnose ofcolorectal polyps and its implications for colonoscopy practice.
Ibrahem Kandel,Mauro Castelli 한국통신학회 2020 ICT Express Vol.6 No.4
Many hyperparameters have to be tuned to have a robust convolutional neural network that will be able to accurately classify images. One of the most important hyperparameters is the batch size, which is the number of images used to train a single forward and backward pass. In this study, the effect of batch size on the performance of convolutional neural networks and the impact of learning rates will be studied for image classification, specifically for medical images. To train the network faster, a VGG16 network with ImageNet weights was used in this experiment. Our results concluded that a higher batch size does not usually achieve high accuracy, and the learning rate and the optimizer used will have a significant impact as well. Lowering the learning rate and decreasing the batch size will allow the network to train better, especially in the case of fine-tuning.
Biodiversity research trends and gap analysis from a transboundary landscape, Eastern Himalayas
Pratikshya Kandel,Janita Gurung,Nakul Chettri,Wu Ning,Eklabya Sharma 국립중앙과학관 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.9 No.1
The Kangchenjunga landscape, a transboundary complex shared by Bhutan, India, and Nepal, is one of the biologically richest regions in the Eastern Himalayas. Owing to the remarkable biodiversity, the three countries came together to enhance regional cooperation in conservation and development in 2012. To start a strategic conservation intervention, the status of our knowledge base on biodiversity of the landscape is the most important stepping stone. In this paper, we traced the history of biodiversity research in the Kangchenjunga landscape, and present the research trends over time and subject interests. Meanwhile, we also identified key research and knowledge gaps and future priorities. For this, we analyzed 500 peer-reviewed journal articles (until 2014) relating to biodiversity, which were retrieved from the web platform ‘Google Scholar’ and other peer-reviewed journals. The review showed that the landscape received attention from the scientific community as early as the 1840s, and grew progressively after the 1980s. Research on fauna (especially mammals) and flora (especially angiosperms) is most notable, but with major gaps in systematic research of their ecology, whereas invertebrates other than butterflies appear to be neglected. There is a need for systematic research with long-term monitoring that would allow us to understand changes occurring within the landscape.
Cold plasma-assisted regeneration of biochar for dye adsorption
Dharma Raj Kandel(간댈더러머라즈),Hee-Jun Kim(김희준),Seungwon Chang(장승원),Jeong-Muk Lim(임정묵),Milan Babu Poudel(밀란 포델),Min Cho(조민),Hyun-Woo Kim(김현우),Byung-Taek Oh(오병택),Changwoon Nah(나창운),Seung Hee Lee(이승희),Bipee 대한환경공학회 2022 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.11
APPLICATION OF GENETIC-BASED FUZZY INFERENCE TO FUZZY CONTROL
Park, Daihee,Kandel, Abraham,Langholz, Gideon Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 1992 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.2 No.2
The successful application of fuzzy reasoning models to fuzzy control systems depends on a number of parameters, such as fuzzy membership functions, that are usually decided upon subjectively. It is shown ill this paper that the performance of fuzzy control systems call be improved if the fuzzy reasoning model is supplemented by a genetic-based learning mechanism. The genetic algorithm enables us to generate all optimal set of parameters for the fuzzy reasoning model based either on their initial subjective selection or on a random selection. It is shown that if knowledge of the domain is available, it is exploited by the genetic algorithm leading to an even better performance of the fuzzy controller.
Barrett Esophagus: When to Endoscope
Joshua Butt,Gabor Kandel 대한소화기내시경학회 2014 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.47 No.1
Increasing interest in identifying an effective strategy for decreasing the burden of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has been fuelled by the rising EAC rates worldwide, the morbidity associated with esophagectomy, and the development of endoscopic methods for curing early-stage EAC. In the face of this enthusiasm, however, we should be cautious about adopting an evidence-free approach to screening and one with unclear benefits and unclear costs to the community. The literature is increasingly recognizing that the value of traditional endoscopy for screening and surveillance of Barrett esophagus may be more limited than initially believed. A better understanding of the risk factors for Barrett esophagus and progression to dysplasia and a more individualized risk calculation will be useful in defining populations to consider for Barrett screening. The development of novel, nonendoscopic screening techniques and of less expensive endoscopic techniques holds promise for a cost-effective screening and surveillance method to curtail the increasing rates of EAC.