Optimization of Nutrient Medium Containing Agricultural Waste for Xylanase Production by Bacillus pumilus B20

K. Geetha,P. Gunasekaran 한국생물공학회 2010 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.15 No.5

We aimed to optimize a nutrient medium containing agricultural waste for xylanase production by Bacillus pumilus B20. Xylanase production with lignocellulosic material was optimized in two steps using DeMeo’s fractional factorial design. A 3.4-fold increase in xylanase production (313.3 U/mL) was achieved using the optimized culture medium consisting of (g/L): K2HPO4, 2;MgSO4·7H2O, 0.3; CaCl2·2H2O, 0.01; NaCl, 2; peptone, 5;yeast extract, 4; and wheat bran, 50. B. pumilus B20 produced a high level of xylanase, which may have potential industrial application.

The Line n-sigraph of a Symmetric n-sigraph-V

Reddy, P. Siva Kota,Nagaraja, K.M.,Geetha, M.C. Department of Mathematics 2014 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.54 No.1

An n-tuple ($a_1,a_2,{\ldots},a_n$) is symmetric, if $a_k$ = $a_{n-k+1}$, $1{\leq}k{\leq}n$. Let $H_n$ = {$(a_1,a_2,{\ldots},a_n)$ ; $a_k$ ${\in}$ {+,-}, $a_k$ = $a_{n-k+1}$, $1{\leq}k{\leq}n$} be the set of all symmetric n-tuples. A symmetric n-sigraph (symmetric n-marked graph) is an ordered pair $S_n$ = (G,${\sigma}$) ($S_n$ = (G,${\mu}$)), where G = (V,E) is a graph called the underlying graph of $S_n$ and ${\sigma}$:E ${\rightarrow}H_n({\mu}:V{\rightarrow}H_n)$ is a function. The restricted super line graph of index r of a graph G, denoted by $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r$(G). The vertices of $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r$(G) are the r-subsets of E(G) and two vertices P = ${p_1,p_2,{\ldots},p_r}$ and Q = ${q_1,q_2,{\ldots},q_r}$ are adjacent if there exists exactly one pair of edges, say $p_i$ and $q_j$, where $1{\leq}i$, $j{\leq}r$, that are adjacent edges in G. Analogously, one can define the restricted super line symmetric n-sigraph of index r of a symmetric n-sigraph $S_n$ = (G,${\sigma}$) as a symmetric n-sigraph $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r$($S_n$) = ($\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(G)$, ${\sigma}$'), where $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(G)$ is the underlying graph of $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$, where for any edge PQ in $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$, ${\sigma}^{\prime}(PQ)$=${\sigma}(P){\sigma}(Q)$. It is shown that for any symmetric n-sigraph $S_n$, its $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$ is i-balanced and we offer a structural characterization of super line symmetric n-sigraphs of index r. Further, we characterize symmetric n-sigraphs $S_n$ for which $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$~$\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$ and $$\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n){\sim_=}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$$, where ~ and $$\sim_=$$ denotes switching equivalence and isomorphism and $\mathcal{R}\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$ and $\mathcal{L}_r(S_n)$ are denotes the restricted super line symmetric n-sigraph of index r and super line symmetric n-sigraph of index r of $S_n$ respectively.

A new multiplierless discrete cosine transform based on the Ramanujan ordered numbers for image coding

Geetha.K.S.,Uttara Kumari.M 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSIP) 2010 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.3 No.4

Genetic Persistency of First Lactation Milk Yield Estimated Using Random Regression Model for Indian Murrah Buffaloes

Geetha, E.,Chakravarty, A.K.,Vinaya Kumar, K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.12

A random regression model was applied for the first time for the analysis of test day records and to study the genetic persistency of first lactation milk yield of Indian Murrah buffaloes. Wilmink's Function was chosen to describe the shape of lactation curves. Heritabilities of test day milk yield varied from 0.33 to 0.58 in different test days. The highest heritability was found in the initial test day ($5^{th}$ day) milk yield. Genetic correlations among test day milk yields were higher in the initial test day milk yield and decreased when the test day interval was increased. The magnitude of genetic correlations between test day and 305 day milk yield varied from 0.25 to 0.99. The genetic persistencies of first lactation milk yield were estimated based on daily breeding values using two methods. $P_1$ is the genetic persistency estimated as a summation of the deviation of estimated daily breeding value on days to attain peak yield from each day after days to attain peak yield to different lactation days. $P_2$ is the genetic persistency estimated as the additional genetic yield (gained or lost) from days to attain peak yield to estimated breeding value on different lactation days relative to an average buffalo having the same yield on days to attain peak yield. The mean genetic persistency on 90, 120, 180, 240, 278 and 305 days in milk was estimated as -4.23, -21.67, -101.67, -229.57, -330.06 and -388.64, respectively by $P_1$, whereas by $P_2$ on same days in milk were estimated as -3.96 (-0.32 kg), -23.94 (-0.87 kg), -112.81 (-1.96 kg), -245.83 (-2.81 kg), -350.04 (-3.28 kg) and -407.58 (-3.40 kg) respectively. Higher magnitude of rank correlations indicated that the ranking of buffaloes based on their genetic persistency in both methods were similar for evaluation of genetic persistency of buffaloes. Based on the estimated range of genetic persistency three types of genetic persistency were identified. Genetic correlations among genetic persistency in different days in milk and between genetic persistencies on the same day in milk were very high. The genetic correlations between genetic persistency for different days in milk and estimated breeding value for 305 DIM was increased from 90 DIM to 180 DIM, and highest around 240 DIM which indicates a minimum of 240 days as an optimum first lactation length might be required for genetic evaluation of Indian Murrah buffaloes.

Implementation of Multiplierless Ramanujan Ordered Number DCT on FPGA

Geetha K. S.,Uttara Kumari M. 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSIP) 2012 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.5 No.3

Cytoprotective and Antioxidant Activity of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Flavones Against tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Cytotoxicity in Lymphocytes

Geetha, S.,Ram, M.Sai,Sharma, S.K.,Ilavazhagan, G.,Banerjee, P.K.,Sawhney, R.C. The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.1

This study was designed to determine the cytoprotective activity of flavones of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tert-BOOH), used as an oxidant to induce oxidative damage, with lymphocytes as the model system. Addition of tert-BOOH ($250\;{\mu}M$) to the cells resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity and free radical production. The intracellular calcium levels, caspase activity, and apoptosis were significantly increased following tert-BOOH treatment. Seabuckthorn flavones at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$ significantly inhibited tert-BOOH-induced cytotoxicity and free radical production and also restored the antioxidant status to that of control cells. Seabuckthorn flavones also significantly restricted tert-BOOH-induced apoptosis by decreasing intracellular calcium levels and caspase activity. The extract also decreased tert-BOOH-induced formation of DNA breaks by 30%. These observations suggest that the flavones of seabuckthorn have marked cytoprotective properties, which could be attributed to the antioxidant activity.

Automatic Colorectal Polyp Detection in Colonoscopy Video Frames

Geetha, K,Rajan, C Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.11

Colonoscopy is currently the best technique available for the detection of colon cancer or colorectal polyps or other precursor lesions. Computer aided detection (CAD) is based on very complex pattern recognition. Local binary patterns (LBPs) are strong illumination invariant texture primitives. Histograms of binary patterns computed across regions are used to describe textures. Every pixel is contrasted relative to gray levels of neighbourhood pixels. In this study, colorectal polyp detection was performed with colonoscopy video frames, with classification via J48 and Fuzzy. Features such as color, discrete cosine transform (DCT) and LBP were used in confirming the superiority of the proposed method in colorectal polyp detection. The performance was better than with other current methods.

Neuroprotective effect of chia seed oil nanoemulsion against rotenone induced motor impairment and oxidative stress in mice model of Parkinson’s disease

K. M. Geetha,Jyotsna Shankar,Barnabas Wilson 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2023 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.23 No.4

Chia seed oil (CSO) was reported to possess various pharmacological effects, however, its usefulness is restricted due to its inadequate solubility, bioavailability and stability. In the present work, efforts were put forward to develop chia seed oil nanoemulsion (CSO NE). The developed CSO NE was exposed to pharmacodynamic evaluation against Parkinson’s disease (PD) induced by rotenone (RT) in the mice. Here, the animals were classified into 6 groups: (I) Vehicle control, (II) RT (1 mg/ kg s.c.), (III) CSO (200 mg/kg p.o.) + RT, (IV) CSO (400 mg/kg p.o.) + RT, (V) CSO NE (200 mg/kg p.o.) + RT, (VI) CSO NE (400 mg/kg p.o.) + RT. Animals received the treatment 30 min before RT administration for 14 days. The outcomes of the motor/behavioural evaluations (rotarod test and locomotor activity), biochemical evaluations (estimation of malondialdehyde, nitrite, acetylcholine esterase, reduced glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase) and histopathological evaluation affirmed that the CSO NE treatment rendered a significant enhancement in the neuroprotective effects as compared to CSO administered alone. These results suggest that the oral bioavailability of CSO was escalated by its conversion to nanoform, thus imparting greater neuroprotection. The potential application of CSO NE was established in the management of PD.

ROBUST SPEED SENSORLESS INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES

Geetha E.K,T.Thyagarajan,Vedam Subrahmanyam 전력전자학회 2007 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-

Induction motors are widely used in industry due to the fact that they are relatively cheap, rugged and maintenance free. As a consequence, much attention has been given to the motor torque and speed control. The control schemes available today require information regarding speed of the motor, which can either be obtained by using speed sensors or without speed sensors. Speed sensors have several disadvantages from the standpoint of drive cost, reliability, inertia and noise immunity. Advantages of eliminating speed sensors thus have been a strong motivation to develop speed sensor less induction motor drives for industrial drives. Several control strategies of sensor less control are available in literature. This paper is an attempt to explore the possibility of estimation of rotor speed with the help of extended Kalman filter trained recurrent Neural Network. The speed estimation is made robust by simultaneously adapting the rotor resistance and rotor flux which are also done by the same Neural Network. The training is very fast as it requires only one iteration. The proposed scheme is studied on an induction motor and it gives better performance as compared to the already existing algorithms in the literature.

Freestanding conducting polyaniline film for the controlof electromagnetic radiations

K.K. Satheesh Kumar,S. Geetha,D.C. Trivedi 한국물리학회 2005 Current Applied Physics Vol.5 No.6

Electromagnetic interference is pollution generated due to dense nature of circuitry in electronic devices and is required to becontrol at its source. Polyaniline is an environmentally stable conducting polymer which can be cast as thin lm, which can replacethe corrosive metals as a shield for the control of electromagnetic radiations. In this communication we discuss our results on thepreparation of exible freestanding conducting polyaniline lm of varied thickness using eitherp-toluenesulphonic acid (PTSA) orcamphor-10-sulphonic acid as a primary dopant and 4-chloro-3-methyl phenol (CMC) as a secondary dopant. The resulting lmswere characterized by conductivity, scanning electron micrograph and shielding eectiveness measurements (SE). The SE measure-ments were carried out using co-axial transmission line method in the frequency range of 0.11000MHz. We noticed that only thechange of 2% in the shielding eectiveness of these lms over the period of 3 years indicating the environmental stability of poly-aniline lms..