http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Joo, Munkyu,Shin, Jihye,Kim, Jiyeon,You, Jae Bem,Yoo, Youngmin,Kwak, Moo Jin,Oh, Myung Seok,Im, Sung Gap American Chemical Society 2017 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.139 No.6
<P>In spite of the huge research interest, ionic polymers could not have been synthesized in the vapor phase because the monomers of ionic polymers contain nonvolatile ionic salts, preventing the monomers from vaporization. Here, we suggest a new, one-step synthetic pathway to form a series of cross-linked ionic polymers (CIPs) in the vapor phase via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). 2(Dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) monomers are introduced into the iCVD reactor in the vapor phase to form a copolymer film. Simultaneously in the course of the deposition process, the tertiary amine in DMAEMA and benzylic chloride in VBC undergo a Menshutkin nucleophilic substitution reaction to form an ionic ammonium chloride,complex, forming a highly cross linked ionic copolymer film of p(DMAEMA-co-VBC). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis of CIP films in the vapor phase. The newly developed CIP thin film is further applied to the surface modification of the membrane for oil/water separation. With the hydrophilic and underwater oleophobic membrane whose surface is modified with the CIP film, excellent separation efficiency (>99%) and unprecedentedly high permeation flux (average 2.32 X 10(5) L m(-2) h(-1)) are achieved.</P>
Corrosive Esophageal Injury due to a Commercial Vinegar Beverage in an Adolescent
Jiyeon Chang,Sang-eun Han,백승삼,Yong Joo Kim 대한소화기내시경학회 2020 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.53 No.3
Although gastroesophageal damage is commonly induced by accidental drinking of a strong acid or alkali, damage due to the consumption of a vinegar beverage is not well known. We report a case of corrosive esophageal ulcer found in an adolescent consuming vineagr drink daily. A 15-year-old male visited the emergency room presenting with hematemesis and severe epigastric pain. Multiple longitudinal ulcers, concurrent mucosal hemorrhage, and denuded mucosa were noted in the whole of the esophagus via and endoscopic examination. He had been drinking a vinegar beverage daily without sufficient dilution. The patient was treated with corticosteroid, antibiotic therapy, and mucosa protecting alginate medication and was asked to fast for a week. The follow-up endoscopy showed improvement of the esophageal injuries. Overall, continuous consumption of a vinegar beverage can result in acidic burns and desturction of the surface of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, vinegar beverages should be considered as corrosive agentes.
( Jiyeon Baek ),( Ok Joo Sul ),( Jimi Oh ),( Hayoung Choi ),( Hyun Lee ),( Yeon-mok Oh ),( Byungsuk Kwon ),( Kwang Won Seo ),( Yangjin Jegal ),( Seung Won Ra ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.-
Background Metered-dose inhaler (MDI) and RESPIMAT devices, in liquid drug formulations, are widely used and monthly based for patients with airway diseases. Bacterial contaminations in the inhaler devices have been examined by culture-based method which cannot detect dead or unculturable bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the contamination of inhaler canisters after a month of use with 16s rRNA gene-based sequencing and the difference of bacterial composition between MDI and RESPIMAT devices. Methods Twelve inhalers (6 MDI and 6 RESPIMAT) used for 30 days by 10 patients (2 patients used both inhalers) were collected as the experimental group; new inhalers were the control (11 MDI and 9 RESPIMAT). DNA was extracted from the remaining liquid formulations in the dismantled devices; absolute quantitative PCR was performed using 16S rRNA to measure the total bacterial load. Microbiome taxonomic profiling based on 16S rRNA sequencing analysis was used to determine the microbial community composition using an Ezbiocloud database. Results The total bacterial load in both inhaler types increased significantly after one month of use (p=0.004), suggesting inhaler contamination; there was no difference in bacterial load increase between MDI and RESPIMAT. Diversity analyses of the inhaler microbiomes showed no significant differences. There were more prevalent large-sized bacilli in MDI than RESPIMAT, whereas small-sized symbiotic cocci contaminated both devices after a month of use. We were able to replicate the findings in patients using both inhalers: MDI showed higher percentages of large-sized bacilli versus RESPIMAT devices (Haemophilus, 34.6% vs. 14.6%; Pseudomonas, 11.94% vs. <1%), whereas the percentage of small-sized cocci was comparable (6.7% vs. 8.2%) Conclusions The bacterial load identified through culture-independent 16s rRNA gene-based sequencing revealed that inhalers used for a month were contaminated. The two devices showed different bacterial compositions, possibly due to differences in the drug pathway pore size in RESPIMAT devices.
통합모델의 강수물리과정 모수 최적화를 위한 알고리즘 비교 연구
장지연(Jiyeon Jang),이용희(Yong Hee Lee),주상원(Sangwon Joo) 한국지능시스템학회 2017 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.27 No.1
기상수치예보모델의 강수물리과정은 강수 발생과 연관된 입자의 낙하속도, 부착 및 자동전환, 입자크기분포 등의 과정을 다룬다. 하지만 수치예보모델의 미세물리과정과 모수에는 상당한 불확실성이 내포되어 있다. 수치예보모델의 불확실성을 줄이기 위하여 일반적으로 모수 추정을 사용한다. 이 연구에서는 모수 추정을 위한 최적화 알고리즘으로 마이크로 유전알고리즘과 하모니탐색 알고리즘을 사용하고 우리나라에서 발생한 강수사례에 대해 통합모델의 강수물리과정에서 사용하는 모수를 최적화하였다. 두 알고리즘의 서로 다른 특성으로 인해 최적화 과정 중의 차이가 보였다. 마이크로 유전알고리즘은 440회 수행 후 약 1.033의 적합도로 수렴하였고 하모니탐색 알고리즘은 60번 수행 후 약 1.031의 적합도로 수렴하였다. 이를 통해 하모니탐색 알고리즘이 마이크로 유전알고리즘보다 더 빨리 최적의 모수를 탐색하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 계산비용이 방대한 기상수치예보모델의 최적화 문제에서 빠른 시간 내에 최적의 모수를 탐색해야 한다면 하모니 탐색 알고리즘이 더 적합하다는 것을 확인하였다. The microphysical processes of the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model cover the following : fall speed, accretion, autoconversion, droplet size distribution, etc. However, the microphysical processes and parameters have a significant degree of uncertainty. Parameter estimation was generally used to reduce errors in NWP models associated with uncertainty. In this study, the micro- genetic algorithm and harmony search algorithm were used as an optimization algorithm for estimating parameters. And we estimate parameters of microphysics for the Unified model in the case of precipitation in Korea. The differences which occurred during the optimization process were due to different characteristics of the two algorithms. The micro-genetic algorithm converged to about 1.033 after 440 times. The harmony search algorithm converged to about 1.031 after 60 times. It shows that the harmony search algorithm estimated optimal parameters more quickly than the micro-genetic algorithm. Therefore, if you need to search for the optimal parameter within a faster time in the NWP model optimization problem with large calculation cost, the harmony search algorithm is more suitable.