Comparison of methods for library construction and short read annotation of shellfish viral metagenomes

Hong‑Ying Wei,Sheng Huang,Jiang‑Yong Wang,Fang Gao,Jing‑Zhe Jiang 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.3

The emergence and widespread use of high-throughput sequencing technologies have promoted metagenomic studies on environmental or animal samples. Library construction for metagenome sequencing and annotation of the produced sequence reads are important steps in such studies and influence the quality of metagenomic data. In this study, we collected some marine mollusk samples, such as Crassostrea hongkongensis, Chlamys farreri, and Ruditapes philippinarum, from coastal areas in South China. These samples were divided into two batches to compare two library construction methods for shellfish viral metagenome. Our analysis showed that reverse-transcribing RNA into cDNA and then amplifying it simultaneously with DNA by whole genome amplification (WGA) yielded a larger amount of DNA compared to using only WGA or WTA (whole transcriptome amplification). Moreover, higher quality libraries were obtained by agarose gel extraction rather than with AMPure bead size selection. However, the latter can also provide good results if combined with the adjustment of the filter parameters. This, together with its simplicity, makes it a viable alternative. Finally, we compared three annotation tools (BLAST, DIAMOND, and Taxonomer) and two reference databases (NCBI’s NR and Uniprot’s Uniref). Considering the limitations of computing resources and data transfer speed, we propose the use of DIAMOND with Uniref for annotating metagenomic short reads as its running speed can guarantee a good annotation rate. This study may serve as a useful reference for selecting methods for Shellfish viral metagenome library construction and read annotation.

중국의료기관의 조세체계와 조세특례에 대한 연구

홍기용,피경란 한국세무회계학회 2003 세무회계연구 Vol.13 No.-

중국은 90년대에 들어 개혁개방을 실시하면서 의료기관에 대한 경영주체 및 조세체계에서 많은 변화가 일어났다. 중국의 의료기관은 비영리의료기관에만 머물지 않고 영리의료기관의도입을 하기에 이르렀다. 따라서 정부가 직접 운영하던 의료기관이 민간부문으로 상당히 이전되면서 조세체계의 정비가 대두되었다. 중국은 비영리의료기관에 대해서 일정부문 면세제도를 두고 있으나 영업성적 및 경영주체에 따라 일부 과세하고 있다. 중국의 조세체계에 대한 문제점과 개선점을 지적하면, 첫째, 의료기관의 성격을 비영리성과 영리성에 따라 구별하여 구체적인 조세체계를 마련할 필요가 있다는 점이다. 둘째, 현재 비영리의료기관에 대해 조세특례를 인정하고 있지만 복지정책의 중추가 되는 의료서비스라는 특성을 감안하여 전면적인 조세특례를 인정할 필요가 있다. 셋째로는 영리의료기관의 경우에는 세법에 따라 과세하고 있지만 의료서비스가 일반 기업의 재화 혹은 용역과 다르다는 점에서 조세체계를 동일시하는 것은 바람직하지 않다는 점을 지적하였다. 중국은 개혁개방이 된지 일천하고 조세체계의 경우에도 국제수준에 부합하지 않은 면이 많다. 이점에서 이 연구는 중국의 의료기관에 대한 합리적인 조세체계의 방안을 모색해 봄으로써 중국이 WTO가입과 함께 조세체계도 국제수준으로 유지할 수 있는 방향을 제시하는데 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

釜山地域의 古墳文化 : 墓制와 高杯를 중심으로

鄭澄元,洪潽植 부산대사학회 1994 역사와 세계 Vol.- No.18

Streptococcus anginosus 균혈증에 동반된 상완 골수염 및 주변부 연조직 농양 1예

한우진,조문숙,이정현,안홍대,윤규현,서종구,김진용,김수연,박윤수,서일혜,조용균 대한감염학회 2008 감염과 화학요법 Vol.40 No.5

Streptococcus anginosus is a normal flora found in multiple body sites and belongs to the Streptococcus milleri group, It has often been associated with pyogenic infection, such as periodontitis, endocarditis, pulmonary abscess and abdominal or cerebral abscess. Also uncommonly, it can cause osteomyelitis. A 42-year-o1d man was admitted due to gastric ulcer perforation. At 12th hospital day, left humeral osteomyelitis and soft tissue abscess developed, Streptococcus anginosus grew in blood culture, He was treated with intravenous penicillin and surgical debridement of the necrotic tissue which lead to a satisfactory result. We report a rare case of Streptococcus anginosus-induced humeral osteomyelitis and soft tissue abscess.

Click Synthesis of Hydrogels by Metal-Free 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction Between Maleimide and Azide Functionalized Polymers

Hong-Zheng Zhu,Gang Wang,Hong-Liang Wei,Hui-Juan Chu,Jing Zhu 한국고분자학회 2016 Macromolecular Research Vol.24 No.9

Herein, a metal-free 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition click reaction was used to prepare hydrogels. First, copolymer of N,N-dimethylacrylamide and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was synthesized via free radical copolymerization with an initiator of 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile and a solution of 1,4-dioxane. Second, maleimide-functionalized polymer was obtained by a coupling reaction of the above synthesized copolymer and N-maleoyl alanine with a dehydrating agent of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Similarly, azido-modified polymer was prepared by the reaction between azidoacetic acid and the as-prepared copolymer. Third, the hydrogels were obtained by the reaction of the azidomodified polymer and maleimide-functionalized copolymer without any initiator or catalyst. Gelation times of different conditions were measured by a cuvette inversion method. The samples of different steps were analysized by means of FTIR, NMR, SEM, etc. The swelling behaviour of the gels was investigated via a general gravimetric method. Finally, release mechanism was explored with a model drug molecule of 5-fluorouracil. It was found temperature, concentration and solvent had an impact on the gelation time. And the swelling behavior and drug-controlled release profiles of the hydrogels were relevant to the concentration of polymers used for the hydrogels.

Chitooligosaccharide Prolongs Vase Life of Cut Roses by Decreasing Reactive Oxygen Species

Hong-juan Jing,Huan-qing Li 한국원예학회 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.3

Chitooligosaccharide (COS), as antioxidant, extensively applied to food and juice preservation. In the present study, influences of COS on vase life and ornamental value of cut roses were investigated. Results showed that vase life of cut roses treated by COS was longer 6.4 days than one of control and ornamental character of cut roses was improved effectively by COS. The increase of vase life and ornamental value were chiefly governed by that COS improved water absorption capacity of cut roses. Besides that, COS decreased the contents of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide and lowered the levels of malondialdehyde in turn during the senescence process of cut roses. That was because that COS not only enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase, but also improved reduced glutathione contents in petals of cut rose. Therefore, COS could be used in commercial preservatives to improve the longevity of cut roses.

Blunted Peripheral and Central Responses to Gastric Mechanical and Electrical Stimulations in Diet-induced Obese Rats

( Jing Zhang ),( Wei Hong Sha ),( Hong Bing Zhu ),( Jiande D Z Chen ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2013 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.19 No.4

Background/Aims The increase in the prevalence of obesity is attributed to increased food intake and decreased physical activity in addition to genetic factors. Altered gut functions have been reported in obese subjects, whereas, little is known on the possible alterations in brain-gut interactions in obesity. The aim of the study was to explore possible alterations in gastric myoelectrical activity, gastric emptying, autonomic functions and central neuronal responses to gastric stimulations in diet-induced obese rats. Methods Gastric myoelectrical activity, gastric emptying and heart rate variability were recorded in lean and obese rats; extracellular neuronal activity in the ventromedial hypothalamus and its responses to gastric stimulations were also assessed. Results (1) Gastric emptying was significantly accelerated but gastric myoelectrical activity was not altered in obese rats; (2) the normal autonomic responses to feeding were absent in obese rats, suggesting an impairment of postprandial modulation of autonomic functions; and (3) central neuronal responses to gastric stimulations (both balloon distention and electrical stimulation) were blunted in obese rats, suggesting impairment in the brain-gut interaction. Conclusions In diet-induced obese rats, gastric emptying is accelerated, postprandial modulations of autonomic functions is altered and central neuronal responses to gastric stimulations are attenuated. These alterations in peripheral, autonomic and brain-gut interactions may help better understand pathogenesis of obesity and develop novel therapeutic approaches for obesity. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013;19:454-466)

Fabrication of magnetically recyclable ZrO2-TiO2/CoFe2O4 hollow core/shell photocatalysts: Improving photocatalytic efficiency under sunlight irradiation

Hong-xia Jing,Jing Huang,Na Li,Long-xiang Li,Jingyue Zhang 한국화학공학회 2019 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.36 No.4

TiO2 is an important material for photocatalytic oxidation to degrade organic pollutants, but its utilization under visible light is low, recovery is difficult, and stability is poor. We prepared ZrO2-TiO2/CoFe2O4 (Zr-Ti/Co) photocatalyst with hollow core-shell structure by sol-gel method and layer-by-layer self-assembly method with tetrabutyl titanate and Zirconium n-butoxide as main raw materials. The samples were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), solid ultraviolet visible diffuse reflection (UV-Vis DRS), fluorescence (FL), ultraviolet visible absorption (UV), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). It is concluded that the TiO2 maintains a good anatase phase structure in the Zr-Ti-Co photocatalyst. Under UV light and sunlight, the degradation rate of the photocatalyst reached 96.1% and 99.7% for 60 min, respectively, for Rhodamine B (10mg/L) reaction system. And after repeated use for five times, it still showed better regeneration and reuse.

A preparation and performance study of glass-ceramic glazes derived from blast furnace slag and fly ash

Hong-xia Lu,Man He,Yuan-yuan Liu,Jing-fei Guo,Li-wei Zhang,Deliang Chen,Hai-long Wang,Hong-liang Xu,Rui Zhang 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2011 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.12 No.5

Glass-ceramic glazes have been prepared successfully via crystallization from blast-furnace slag (BFS), fly ash (FA) fluxed with potash feldspar and borax. The crystalline behavior of glass-ceramic glazes was investigated using differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results revealed that the major crystalline phases are anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8) and akermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7) and crystalline phases disperse well in glassy phases with a uniform size of 1 μm. Glass-ceramic glazes possess low density, low water absorption,perfect stain resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance. The thermal expansion coefficient of glass-ceramic glazes is steady up to 800 oC with an average value of 7.2 × 10−6 /K. Final results suggest that BFS and FA have potential to be vitrified into economically and environmentally low-cost glass-ceramic glaze materials.

발효 고춧잎의 항산화 활성 평가

Jing Jing Li,Min-Sun Jeon,Hong-Sun Yook 한국생활과학회 2021 한국생활과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.5